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History of Jewish claims to Palestine
Jews have a traditional claim to the land of Palestine
It is the land where their religion originated
Modern Jews claim that their ancestry goes back to the Ancient Hebrews
Jews were forcefully removed by the Roman Empire nearly 2,000 years ago
Arab Claims to Palestine
In the 7th and 8th centuries C.E., Muslim Arabs moved into Palestine.
They were the dominant group in Palestine until the 20th century.
They believe that Jews from Europe and North America have no claim to Palestine
A 2,000 year old claim does not trump a 1,500 year old Arab presence
The Balfour Declaration 1917
Great Britain issued the Balfour Declaration toward the end of WWI
The declaration was in response to pressure from Zionist organizations
Arthur J. Balfour, British foreign secretary
Balfour Declaration, 1917
Goals of the Balfour Declaration1. Great Britain would control Palestine and
allow Jews to migrate there2. Encourage support from the Jewish
population for the Allied cause3. Ensure that existing Arab populations
would maintain independence.
British Mandate of Palestine
Mandate: Area of temporary foreign control
Under British control, Jews began to move into Palestine
Some land was partitioned some was purchased
The real push came with the end of World War II
Palestine vs. IsraelPalestine -ruled by Great Britain until 1947-population is primarily Arab and Muslim-Britain gives control to UN when it can’t
control religious conflicts
Israel -became a modern state in 1948
-population is primarily Jewish
-David Ben-Gurion – later became 1st prime minister
Reason for conflict
1. Palestinians–Arabs Forced to move
– Lived in the area of Israel for 2000 years
2. Palestinians forced to live in camps to make room for Jews
3. Jerusalem is holy land to 3 major faiths
4. Jews and Muslims each want to control Jerusalem
Effects of creation of Israel
1. Palestinians became refugees in other countries throughout the middle east.
3. Israel builds a wall around Palestinian areas to prevent terrorist from moving into Israeli areas
ARAB RESPONSE?
Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq immediately declare war on the state of Israel
Suez Crisis, 1956
• July 1956- Egypt nationalizes Suez Canal
• Israel, Britain, and France invade
• Goals:1. Britain feared lose of
canal access
2. Dislike of Egyptian Leader
3. Israel wanted more control
The 6 Day War• Egypt, with control of the Sinai
peninsula, formed defense agreements with other Arab countries– Jordan, Syria, Iraq– Also backed by Soviet Union
• Israel attacked Arab countries onJune 5th 1967
• Seen as a Preemptive war
Results:
1. Preserve the credibility of Israel
2. Proved military power
3. Control of the Sinai Peninsula, West Bank, and Gaza Strip
The Yam Kippur War, 1973
• One of the holiest Days for the Jewish Religion
• Surprise attack from Egypt (Sinai) and Syria (Golan)
• Essentially ended in a stalemate
• Israel lost credibility as a strong military presence
“Mission Accomplished”“Mission Accomplished”
President George W. Bush lands on board the USS Abraham Lincoln (May, 2003)
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