David Chappell ring D EV ET Ja · 2002-10-29 · va David Chappell Principal Chappell &...

345Com

paring .NET and Java

David C

happellPrincipalC

happell & A

ssociatesw

.davidchappell.com

Application Platform

s Today

erating

System

eb Services

LocalA

ervicesT

ransactionS

ervicesW

criptingD

ccessM

Access

349The M

icrosoft .NET

component m

odelBertrand M

eyerProfessor of Softw

are Engineering, ETH Zürich

Scientific advisor, Eiffel Software, Santa Barbara

Component developm

ent with

and CORBA

Component “Bus”

Servercom

ponentClient

component

IDL Stub

IDL spec

module R

eservation{interface Flight_booking {Price ticket_price

(in Date day, in Flight num

ber)raises (invalid_date, invalid_num

ber);exception invalid_date {D

ate when; };

readonly attribute string name;

...}};

The role of IDL

•Provide language-neutral interfacedescription of a m

odule’s operations•

As a result, enable clients and suppliers

written in different im

plementation

languages

The trouble with ID

Programm

ers must w

rite IDL interface in

addition to actual software

•If from

an O-O

language, IDL duplicates

information present in the code, e.g. C

++header file, Eiffel contract form

•Perils of duplication

L compiler goes the w

rong way!

owever: som

e tools ease the process.

Pre-.NET approaches: sum

bject technology is best known basis

•Inform

ation hiding is key•

sufficient by itself: need forautonom

ous components

•Current approaches too heavy: extra w

ork toturn m

odule (e.g. class) into component

L is a killer

ET Framew

ork Overview

Chris Anderson

Software A

rchitect, .NET Client

Microsoft Corporation

.NET Fram

Design G

ramatically sim

plifies development and

deployment

nifies programm

ing models

•Provides robust and secure executionenvironm

ent•

Supports multiple program

ming languages

Framew

ork, Languages,A

nd Tools

erating

System

erating

System

Base C

lass Lib

ase Class L

ibrary

ervicesW

Services

bile In

ternet T

ile Intern

pecificatio

ecification

JScrip

Visual Studio.NET Visual Studio.NET

Framew

ork, Languages, And Tools

erating

System

erating

System

Base C

lass Lib

ase Class L

ibrary

ervicesW

Services

bile In

ternet T

ile Intern

pecificatio

ecification

JScrip

The .NET Evolution

plicatio

efore C

lication

s were

pletely sep

arate entities

pletely sep

arate entities

little or n

tegratio

ith little o

ration

plicatio

lication

structu

resstru

ctures

The .NET Evolution

es a way fo

vides a w

ay for

ts to in

tegrate;

ts to in

tegrate;

wever, each

st pro

the “ “p

g” ” an

bjects can

irectly interact

directly in

teract

The .NET Evolution

the .N

ith th

age ru

ts are bu

ilt on

ents are b

uilt o

bstrate; N

strate; No

“ “plu

” ” is need

d is n

jects can d

irectly interact

jects can d

irectly interact

Compilation A

nd Execution

ilation

stallation

t installatio

first time each

is calledm

d is called

JITJIT

Native

Code (IL)Code (IL)

Metadata

Simplify D

evelopment

•Com

pletely eliminates CO

M plum

bing•

ore…–

Registration–

–.ID

L files–

LTs–

IUnknow

AddRef/Release

–CoCreateInstance

=>self described apps=>self described apps

=>hierarchical namespaces

=>unified object model

=>structured exceptions=>structured exceptions

=>comm

on root object=>com

mon root object

=>garbage collector=>garbage collector

=> =>” ”newnew

” ” operator operator

Simplify D

evelopment

•Com

mon Type System

–Com

mon instance and type definition

•Enables clean O

O program

–Classes and interfaces

–Constructors, properties, m

ethods, events–

Cross language inheritance•

Built-in interoperability–

With CO

With native (W

in32® style) D

Robust Environment

utomatic lifetim

e managem

ent–

All objects are garbage collected

•Exception handling–

Error handling first class and mandatory

•Type-safety–

No buffer overruns, N

o unsafe casts, Uninitialized

variables

Secure Environment

•Security designed-in

•Code access security enforcem

ent–

Security based on the identity of code–

inistratively configurable via policy•

ET integrated authenticationof user–

Window

s identity, Passport®, form

s-based, …•

Cryptography library with X

support–

Digital signature for X

.w3.org/signature)

Simplify D

eployment A

anagement

•Zero-im

pact install–

Applications and com

ponents can be shared orprivate

•Side-by-side execution–

Multiple versions of the sam

e component can co-

exist on a system•

blies–

Contain dependency information

erating

System

erating

System

Base C

lass Lib

ase Class L

ibrary

ervicesW

Services

bile In

ternet T

ile Intern

pecificatio

ecification

JScrip

Framew

Unify Program

ming M

nsisten

I availability reg

ardless o

sistent A

PI availab

ility regard

less of

age an

Stateless,

bclassin

classing

xpressiven

ositio

Much Sim

pler?W

IHWND HWND

hwndMain hwndMain

CreateWindowExCreateWindowEx

( ( 0, " 0, "

MainWClassMainWClass

", "Main Window",", "Main Window",

WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_HSCROLL | WS_VSCROLL,

CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,

(HWND)NULL, (HMENU)NULL,

hInstancehInstance

, NULL);, NULL);

ShowWindowShowWindow

( (hwndMainhwndMain

, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);

UpdateWindowUpdateWindow

( (hwndMainhwndMain

Dim Dim

form form

As NewAs New

Form() Form()

form.Text = "Main Window"form.Text = "Main Window"form.Show()form.Show()

Factored And Extensible

•The Fram

ework is not a “black box”

ny .NET class is available for you to extend

through inheritance–

Gives developers m

uch more head room

•Plug and Play com

ponents and!subsystems

The .NET Fram

ework Library

Base C

lass Lib

ase Class L

ibrary

ervicesW

Services

bile In

ternet T

ile Intern

System

ystem.X

System

balizatio

alization

sticsD

ostics

uratio

ration

llection

ollectio

Reflectio

eflection

readin

ServiceP

rocess

ServiceP

rocess

ecurity

lClien

Intero

ervicesIn

Services

Serializatio

erialization

Serializatio

erialization

uratio

ration

Sessio

ession

ecurity

Services

ServicesD

escriptio

iscovery

System

ystem.W

The .NET Fram

ework Library

Base Framew

ystemS

readin

ServiceP

rocess

ServiceP

rocess

ecurity

Reflectio

eflection

IO IO Glo

balizatio

alization

sticsD

ostics

uratio

ration

llection

ollectio

Serializatio

erialization

Intero

ervicesIn

Services

Data A

ystem.D

System

ystem.X

Serializatio

erialization

ystem.W

uratio

ration

Services

Sessio

ession

Descrip

iscovery

ecurity

Window

s® Form

System

ystem.W

erating

System

erating

System

Base C

lass Lib

ase Class L

ibrary

ervicesW

Services

bile In

ternet T

ile Intern

pecificatio

ecification

JScrip

Framew

Languages•

The .NET Platform

is language neutral–

All .N

ET languages are first class players–

You can leverage your existing skills

•Com

mon language specification

–Set of features guaranteed to be in all languages

e are providing–

Visual Basic

®, C++, C#, J#, JScript ®

•Third-parties are building–

APL, CO

BOL, D

elphi, Pascal, Eiffel, Haskell, M

beron, Perl, Python, Scheme, Sm

alltalk…

Standardization•

A subset of the .N

ET Framew

ork and C#subm

itted to ECMA

dopted as International standards inD

ec. 2001–

In the ISO fast-track process now

–Co-sponsored w

ith Intel, Hew

lett-Packard•

on language infrastructure–

Based on comm

on language runtime and base

framew

ork–

Layered into increasing levelsof functionality

ary•

The .NET Fram

ramatically sim

plifies development and

deployment

nifies programm

ing models

–Provides robust and secure executionenvironm

ent–

Supports multiple program

ming languages

349The M

icrosoft .NET

component m

odelBertrand M

eyerProfessor of Softw

are Engineering, ETH Zürich

Scientific advisor, Eiffel Software, Santa Barbara

Execution scheme under .N

IL code(plus

metadata)

Loader

Managed code

Unjittedroutine call

Execution

Language compilers

JIT + verifier

EiffelVB

.NET languages

The basic .NET com

ponent unitResult of com

pilation is an assembly

bly is a set of classesU

nit of:•

Delivery and deploym

ent•

ing (through namespaces)

•Security (level for granting perm

issions)•

Versioning &

side-by-side execution

Self-documenting through “m

anifest”

The Single Product Principle

•There is one product: SO

Eiffel: use single, seamless notation

throughout the development cycle

Rely on tools to produce documentation

Maintain just one product!

Single Product Principle in .NET

•It’s all in the metadata!

Definition:

etadata is information about a m

odule’sexternal properties, not necessarily neededfor executing the m

odule, but retained aftercom

pilation along with the binary code

Examining an assem

bly with ildasm

is the metadata stored?

•Stuffed into PE (Portable Executable)form

To Window

s, result of compiling an

assembly looks like ordinary binary

(*.dll or *.exe), but contains all kindsof supplem

entary information

ill execute on .NET only

The Portable Executable (PE) format

Execution model: the role of

metadata

IL code(plus

metadata)

Loader

Managed code

Unjittedroutine call

Execution

Language compilers

JIT + verifier

EiffelVB

.NET languages

Metadata contents

anifest: assembly description

ame, version, culture

–Security properties: N

eeded permissions

–Public key if present

ependencies on other assemblies

•List of classes

•For each class:–

Features: methods, fields, properties, events

–Signatures (argum

ent and result types) of each–

Interfaces it implem

ents•

Custom

attributes (see next)

Working w

ith metadata

Letting a program access m

etadata:•

Use System

.Reflection

Examining m

etadata interactively:•

Use ILD

an convert metadata to:

type libraries (regasm)

To produce metadata:

se System.R

eflection.Emit

.NET com

ponent model

•Single product principle: full reflectivity;assem

blies are self-documenting

roups of) classes directly yield components

o extra plumbing

•Full application of O

bject-Oriented principles

ulti-language interoperability

David Chappell ring D EV ET Ja · 2002-10-29 · va David Chappell Principal Chappell &...

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