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Day 10: Liberty, Security, and Symbols
Daniel J. Mallinson
School of Public AffairsPenn State Harrisburgmallinson@psu.edu
PUBPL 304
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Road map
Discuss liberty-security trade-off
Start discussing problem definition
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Goals
Goals in Public Policy Making
Equity
Efficiency
Welfare
Liberty
Security
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Liberty and Security
Ideals
Government needs to balance the community and the individual
Mill: Can curb liberty to protect others from harm
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The Internet and Insecurity
What types of harm/insecurities can be inflicted via theInternet?
Figure: “2012 Internet Census Size” by Cody Hofstetter, CC BY-SA 4.0
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Definitions
Insecurity
“worry that something bad will happen.”
Security
Guaranteed absence of bad things; a lack of worry
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Three Concepts of Security
Psychological
State of mind over things outsideof our control
Political
Security comes from elite policymaking
Scientific
Mathematical assessment of risk
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Psychological Security
Insecurity is a feeling (dread,anxiety, powerlessness)
Risk is ever present, insecurityis not
Socially constructed
Some issues easier todramatize (murder vs.climate change)
Risk is a matter ofperspective
Figure: Chernobyl Pripyat by Max Pixel, CC0
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Scientific Analysis
Risk
Likelihood of something badhappening
Expected Value
Product of whether(likelihood) and how bad
Standardized unit for settingpriorities
Figure: Source: Hackmageddon
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Political Response
DO Something
Want to be seen as taking action
Can lead to overreach
Figure: Source: Symantec 2017
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Liberty and Security
How can we balance the community and the individualwhen it comes to insecurities/harms that emerge from theInternet?
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Problem Definition
Symbols
Numbers
Causes
Interests
Decisions
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Symbols
Politics is partly about telling a good story
Basic definition: something that stands for something else
Symbols tell different stories to different audiences
What does this symbol mean?
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Symbols
Politics is partly about telling a good story
Basic definition: something that stands for something else
Symbols tell different stories to different audiences
What does this symbol mean?
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Let’s Tell a Story
Narrative Story
Primary means for contesting policy problems (Stone, 158)
Beginning
Middle
End
Change
Heroes, villains, victims
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Types of Stories
Change
Power
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Change
Rising and Decline
beginning, middle, end, heroes, villains, victims, change
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Power
Helplessness and Control
Common element in all is the assertion of choice
Beginning, middle, end, heroes, villains, victims, change
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Methods of Storytelling
Synecdoche
Metaphor
Ambiguity
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Synecdoche
Figure of speech where awhole is represented by one ofits parts
Give single case to “typical”status
Horror stories
E.g., welfare queens,ticking-time-bomb terrorist,death panels
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Metaphors
Draw a comparison betweenone thing and another
Imply that B should betreated like A, because A andB are similar
Examples: living organism,natural law, machines andmechanical devices, wedgesand inclines, containers,disease, war, names andlabels
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Ambiguity
Most important feature of a symbol
Provides unity and maneuvering room
Both sides can claim victory
Meaning can change over time
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