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Day 66: Renewing the Sectional Struggle. Baltimore Polytechnic Institute December 3 , 2013 A/A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green. Renewing the Sectional Struggle. Objectives: Indicate how the Whig party’s disintegration over slavery signaled the end of nonsectional political parties. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Day 66: Renewing the Sectional StruggleBaltimore Polytechnic Institute
December 3, 2013A/A.P. U.S. History
Mr. Green
Objectives: Indicate how the Whig party’s disintegration over slavery signaled the end of nonsectional political parties.Describe how the Pierce administration, as well as private American adventurers, pursued numerous overseas and expansionist ventures primarily designed to expand slavery.Describe Americans’ first ventures into China and Japan in the 1850s and their diplomatic, economic, cultural, and religious consequences.Describe the nature and purpose of Douglas’s Kansas-Nebraska Act, and explain why it fiercely rekindled the slavery controversy that the Compromise of 1850 had been designed to settle.
AP FocusNot content with the land gained from Mexico, southerners look to Central America and the Caribbean for possible slave states. Central America is also seen as an ideal location for a canal connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, a project a future generation will undertake.The Kansas-Nebraska Act, orchestrated by Senator Stephen A. Douglas for political as well as personal reasons, further polarizes the nation. Northerners conclude that, with popular sovereignty, there will be no limitations placed on the expansion of slavery.
Renewing the Sectional Struggle
CHAPTER THEMESIn the 1850s, American
expansionism in the West and the Caribbean was extremely controversial because it was tied to the slavery question.
Commercial interests guided American foreign policy in Asia and contributed to sectional tension within the United States, as regions tried to secure the terminus to a transcontinental railroad.
Chapter Focus
Election Charts 1848, 1852,1856, 1860 are for next week
Decades Chart 1850’s-due next weekID check on Thursday that you can use your
wordsMultiple Choice test on Unit 4 on FridayEssay section on MondayIDs officially due on Monday
Announcements
Identify the components of the Compromise of 1850. Page 424
How will this impact future slavery questions?
Evaluate the effectiveness of the Compromise of 1850.
Drill
October 1849-Southerners decided to meet the next year to discuss secession in Nashville, TN
Henry Clay wanted the North and South to make concessions-a more feasible fugitive-slave law
John C. Calhoun-championed the South. The agitation of slavery would end in disunion. Rejected Clay’s concessions. Leave the South alone
Daniel Webster-God passed the Wilmot Proviso. 7th of March Speech
How? Through climate, topography and geographyBankers and commercial centers were happy-Why?
Twilight of the Senatorial Giants
Radical freshman senator William Seward wanted no compromise
End slavery in the territoriesInvoked the “higher law” than the
ConstitutionPresident Taylor seemed bent on not signing
any compromiseHe died suddenly and Millard Fillmore signed
the compromise
Deadlock and Danger on Capitol Hill
Election of 1852DemocratsFranklin PierceNew HampshireWeak/IndecisiveServed in Mexican WarEndorsed: Compromise
of 1850, Fugitive Slave Law
254 Electoral Votes
WhigsWinfield ScottAblest general of his
generationPraised Compromise of
1850, Fugitive Slave Law
Split on slavery42 Electoral VotesMarked the end of the
Whigs
Defeat and Doom for the Whigs
Central America a concern after the gold rush and Mexican War
The dream of a continuous Atlantic to Pacific transportation route aroused debate
Britain seized San Juan del Norte (Nicaragua’s Mosquito Coast) Caused a treaty between the U.S. and New Granada(Columbia)
U.S. the right of transit across the Isthmus by maintaining the “perfect neutrality” of the route for free trade
Transcontinental Railroad completed in 1855 though the Panamanian jungle
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty-U.S. and Britain would not seek exclusive control over a future Isthmain waterway
Expansionist Stirrings South of the Border
Central America
Southern slavocrats wanted to push slavery south into Central America by acquiring land.
William Walker-tried to take Baja California Took Nicaragua and installed himself as President
U.S. withdrew recognition and he was executed in 1860 by a Honduran firing squad
Cuba another enticing slavery acquisitionPolk offered $100 million to Spain
1850-1851 feeble takeovers ended in disasterSpain took American Steamer Black Warrior in 1854Ostend Manifesto-$120 million for Cuba. If not, and the
continued Spanish ownership endangered American interests, the U.S. would be right in forcefully taking the land
On to Central America
Caleb Cushing sent by President Tyler in early 1844
Signed the Treaty of Wanghia-1st formal diplomatic treaty between the U.S. and China
Matthew C. Perry sent by President FillmoreUsed grace and fear to finalize the Treaty of Kanagawa on March 31, 1854
The Allure of Asia
Transportation to newly acquired lands imperative to keep them in the union
All sorts of solutions….even camelsRailroads the only solutionWhere to build this railroad??? The South? The
North?Best routes south of the Mexican BorderSecretary of War Jefferson Davis arranged James
Gadsden, a railroad man to negotiate with Santa Anna
Purchased a small area for $10 million
Pacific Railroad Promoters/Gadsden Purchase
Proposed Southern RR line
Kansas and Nebraska, 1854
Stephen Douglass envisioned a line of settlements across the continent
He also owned Chicago real estate and railroad stock.
Proposed the Nebraska Territory be sliced into 2-Kansas and Nebraska
Utilized popular sovereignty to decide slaveryFlew in face of Missouri Compromise
Douglas’s Kansas-Nebraska Scheme
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Homework
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