Defence Science and Technology Group Summer Vacation Placement Program Project … ·...

Defence Science and Technology Group Summer Vacation Placement Program Project list – 2015/2016 Projects. Project Code:

Division Location of Placement:

Project Title: Project Description Tasks/Duties Required: Relevant Research Area: Other Desirable Skills

General Information:

SVP AD 01 Aerospace Fisherman's Bend, Victoria

Multifunctional Aerospace Composite Structures

Recent advances in electromagnetic metamaterials and frequency selective surfaces have created new opportunities for the development of multifunctional aerospace composite structures. These electromagnetic features may permit enhanced antenna performance and electromagnetic signature control with little weight or volume penalty when implemented in a multifunctional structure. This proposal aims to investigate how these emerging technologies can be integrated into composite structures using NC embroidery techniques and commercial aerospace prepreg materials.

The successful applicant will assist in the design, manufacture and testing of aerospace composite components that incorporate embroidered electromagnetic features. Experience with CAD (ie. Siemens NX) and EM (ie. FEKO or CST) software is desirable.

Electromagnetic Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Physics.

Experience with hand tools and NC controlled machines is desirable.

Metamaterials are constructed by embedding sub-wavelength inclusions into a host medium to form a one, two or three dimensional volume. These inclusions act analogous to artificial molecules that can be engineered to produce the desired bulk material response. In this regard, the metamaterial gains its properties from its structure rather than from its composition. Consequently it is possible to engineer the dispersion within the metamaterial (or frequency selective surface) to inhibit the propagation of surface waves. This has significant advantages in reducing antenna cross talk and electromagnetic signature management. Initial work conducted during the 2014 / 2015 FY developed an embroidery method to incorporate these metamaterial ideas in typical aerospace structures in a manner that is amenable to current composite manufacturing techniques. Initial work demonstrated a metamaterial inspired electrically small antenna embroidered in HexPly 914 glass fibre reinforced polymer. Recent work has demonstrated the integration of simple DC and RF circuits into representative aerospace composite laminates.

Analysis of methods for estimating take-off and landing performance

DSTO undertakes flight simulation and performance analysis to support Defence acquisition, operation and sustainment. The aim of this project is to develop a take-off and landing performance modelling capability to be integrated into the DSTO aircraft performance modelling software. This will initially involve a review of the literature on methods for predicting take-off and landing performance. The student will then implement the methods outlined in the literature (ranging from simple low-fidelity models through to detailed high-fidelity models) and apply them to high performance fighter aircraft currently in service with the RAAF. Finally, the impact of the level of fidelity will be assessed with comparison to truth data.

The project will involve: - Conducting a literature review, identifying methods for take-off and landing performance of various fidelities - Implementation of methods identified from the literature in software (for example, Matlab) - Compare results from the implementation of the methods with available truth data - Report findings, including identifying positives and negatives of tested methods

Engineering Knowledge in aerospace domain; windows desktop computing; programming skills (in Matlab, C, C++ etc.); good communication skills.

Synthesis, characterisation and application of Nafion extraction fibres for polar analytes in hydrocarbon matrices

Modern aircraft are experiencing ever increasing thermal loads, placing pressure on engines and fuel systems particularly where fuel is used as a heat exchange medium for the cooling of hydraulic and avionic systems. The heat stress endured by fuels induces oxidation reactions, where the fuel hydrocarbons react with dissolved oxygen creating a wide range of oxygen-containing molecules. Although present in very low concentrations, these oxygenates contribute to the formation of solid deposits in the fuel and the development of poor fuel properties. It is challenging to isolate and identify the oxidised species in the fuel, owing chiefly to their low concentration amongst the complex fuel matrix, and chemical similarities to the major fuel components. Many of the analytical methods are time consuming, resource intensive or simply unsuitable for determining trace levels of oxygenated compounds. One technique with a proven history in the analysis of trace compounds in complex matrices is solid phase microextraction (SPME). However, SPME is traditionally only applied to the analysis of the volatile components of solids, or aqueous samples and the commercially available extraction media reflect this. Custom-made extraction media is a potential strategy for the SPME of non-traditional matrices such as fuel.

-Fabrication of SPME fibres -Characterisation of these SPME fibres with optical and electron microscopy -Assessment of the suitability of the fibres for the extraction of polar analytes from non-polar matrices beginning with model mixtures and progressing to ‘real’ fuel samples

Thermal and storage stability of aviation and maritime fuels

experience with gas chromatography and or solid phase microextraction is desirable but not essential

requires a student who is completing or has completed a chemistry major

Effect of Doubler Profile on Performance of Adhesively Bonded Joints

Currently two methods are commonly used to design adhesively bonded joints/repairs, namely using a procedure that is based on available close-formed analytical formulae/empirical rules, or using finite element analyses (FEA). The former can perform a design rapidly, however the resultant designs are less satisfactory (over-conservative; non-versatile) than the latter. Though the finite element method does not have these drawbacks, it is more time consuming and, even when an optimum design analysis procedure is adopted, it still needs a proper design to start with. In this project, FEA will be used to assess the designs from the close-formed analytical formulae approach/empirical rules. The outcomes of this research will be extension of, and the ability to better use, the close-formed analytical formulae approach/empirical rules, on the basis of an insight understanding provided from the FEA to these methods.

Design several typical adhesively bonded joints using the procedure based available close-formed analytical formulae/empirical rules, then conduct FEA, in which a parameter analysis will be conducted, to assess these repair designs and ways of improvement. Prepare a report to document the work.

Material mechanics, finite element analysis, composite materials.

Report preparation; knowledge about engineering experiment.

Close supervision will be provided. Technical data and reference information are available.

Assessment of Residual Stress in Composite Materials from Curing Process

Duo to thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between fibre and polymer matrix materials, residual stress developed in composite materials during the manufacture process when cooling down after curing at high temperature. The residual stress varies when the composite materials are used in different temperature environments. The residual stress state is further complicated by the factors of chemical shrinkage during manufacture and matrix swelling due to moisture ingression after manufacture. It has been recognised that the residual stress plays an important role in a composite strength analysis, however, the quantitative assessment of the residual stress has rarely been conducted. In this project, composite panels will be manufactured in a way that will manifest the residual stress effect in the form of measureable deformation and a series of experimental testing will be conducted to determine the residual stress as function of environmental temperature and moisture ingression.

Manufacture polymer composite specimens, condition the specimens in environment chambers, measure the specimen deformation, and calculate the residual stress as function of environmental temperature and moisture ingression. Prepare a report to document the work.

Material mechanics; Composite materials; Specimen manufacture; Experimental measurement.

Stress analysis; Report preparation.

Close supervision will be provided.

Vibration measurement of a research blisk using travelling wave system with a laser vibrometer

High cycle fatigue related failures is one of serious safety problems for high speed rotating components in modern aircraft engines. The aim of this project is to investigate the application of travelling wave system with a laser vibrometer to measure and analyse vibration modes and response of a research blisk.

• Familiarisation with POLYTEC laser system equipment and travelling wave excitation system • Use of travelling wave system for excitation of a static research blisk • Use of scanning laser vibrometer for vibration mode and response measurement • Report and document the findings

Mechanical/Mechatronics/Electronic/Physics

Programming, test and workshop experience, design/drafting experience

Vibration measurement of a research blisk using travelling wave system with a laser vibrometer

High cycle fatigue related failures is one of serious safety problems for high speed rotating components in modern aircraft engines. The aim of this project is to investigate the application of travelling wave system with a laser vibrometer to measure and analyse vibration modes and response of a research blisk.

• Familiarisation with POLYTEC laser system equipment and travelling wave excitation system • Use of travelling wave system for excitation of a static research blisk • Use of scanning laser vibrometer for vibration mode and response measurement • Report and document the findings

Feasibility Study of Advanced Vibration Measurements on Rotating Disks within a Spin Rig Chamber

High cycle fatigue related to modal vibration can be a serious problem for rotating components in modern aircraft engines. Advanced vibration measurements using a scanning laser vibrometer allows for an accurate non-contact approach to measuring stationary component excitation. The addition of an optical derotator to the laser vibrometer enables the vibration measurements of rotating components. This project aims to evaluate the feasibility and suitability of using this method of vibration measurement on spinning rotors within a spin rig chamber. Vibration results are to be validated and formally reported.

• Familiarisation with the advanced vibration measurements using scanning laser vibrometer and optical derotator. • Familiarisation of the safe operation of the spin rig and its related systems. • Carry out vibration measurements on identical blisk mounted within the spin rig chamber using reflective mirrors to redirect laser beams through spin rig viewport. • Repeat vibration measurements on the blisk rotating within the spin rig chamber. • Correlate results with other measurements (such as strain gauge data) and present findings in a formal report.

Feasibility Study of Advanced Vibration Measurements on Rotating Disks within a Spin Rig Chamber

High cycle fatigue related to modal vibration can be a serious problem for rotating components in modern aircraft engines. Advanced vibration measurements using a scanning laser vibrometer allows for an accurate non-contact approach to measuring stationary component excitation. The addition of an optical derotator to the laser vibrometer enables the vibration measurements of rotating components. This project aims to evaluate the feasibility and suitability of using this method of vibration measurement on spinning rotors within a spin rig chamber. Vibration results are to be validated and formally reported.

• Familiarisation with the advanced vibration measurements using scanning laser vibrometer and optical derotator. • Familiarisation of the safe operation of the spin rig and its related systems. • Carry out vibration measurements on identical blisk mounted within the spin rig chamber using reflective mirrors to redirect laser beams through spin rig viewport. • Repeat vibration measurements on the blisk rotating within the spin rig chamber. • Correlate results with other measurements (such as strain gauge data) and present findings in a formal report.

Microstructural characterization of the interface between cold spray coatings and AA7050 substrate

As an emerging additive technology, cold spray (CS) has been used to add materials for geometry restoration of corrosion damaged components. The objective of this project is to evaluate the effects of the deformation inhomogeneity in the CS coatings, on final mechanical properties, focused on microhardness in this research. This research will cover the following: 1) Literature review to understand how local mechanical property variations are correlated with microstructural characterization such as micro hardness; 2) Conduct microhardness testing on the CSed aluminum alloy (AA) 7075-T7451 samples using LECO AMH43 Micro Hardness Tester to obtain microhardness distribution from the surface of the CS coatings to the substrate; and 3) Report the experimental results and interpret the results in terms of the correlation of the microhardness and the mechanical property.

1) Literature review to understand how local mechanical property variations are correlated with microstructural characterization such as micro hardness; 2) Conduct microhardness testing on the CSed aluminum alloy (AA) 7075-T7451 samples using LECO AMH43 Micro Hardness Tester to obtain microhardness distribution from the surface of the CS coatings to the substrate; and 3) Report the experimental results and interpret the results in terms of the correlation of the microhardness and the mechanical property.

Aircraft Materials and Structural Repairs.

The candidate should have detailed knowledge in Materials Science and Engineering, with experience in materials characterization and testing.

Cold spray is an additive manufacturing technology which employs supersonic inert gas jet to accelerate powder particles that impact onto a substrate to form a solid-state deposit. The cold spray technology has been successfully used to repair corrosion and wear damage to aircraft components and structures.

SVP AD 11 Aerospace Brisbane, Queensland

Lithium Ion Battery Management System for Hypersonic Flight Vehicles

Electrical design and verification of battery monitoring system for lithium ion battery packs. The monitoring hardware must protect cells from overcharge, over-discharge, and must maintain cell balance throughout the pack lifetime. This project will develop systems that may ultimately be flight tested on a sounding rocket experiment.

Under the supervision of Senior Engineers undertake the following: A background or literature review of possible solutions, initial design of a solution, prototyping of proposed design.

Electrical, Electronic, Computer Systems, Avionics or Mechatronics Engineering, or other relevant disciplines.

Electronics design and testing, familiarity with Altium Designer software packages or other Electronic CAD packages.

This project offers an exciting opportunity to work with the HIFiRE Team. HIFiRE is an international collaboration exploring the fundamentals of hypersonics (Mach 5+ flight) through flight testing. Successful candidates will have the opportunity to work with the HIFiRE team to develop innovative solutions to exciting, dynamic, and challenging technical problems.

SVP AD 12 Aerospace Brisbane, Queensland

Real Time Encryption and Encoding of a Digital Telemetry Stream

Design of a real-time encryption and encoding system of a digital telemetry stream.

Under the supervision of Senior Engineers undertake the following: A background or literature review of possible solutions, review relevant standards to telemetry encryption and encoding, undertake analysis comparing a COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) solution to an in-house designed solution, develop software simulations of encryption/decryption and encoding/decoding of a telemetry stream.

Students should be studying Telecommunications Engineering, Software Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Computer Systems Engineering, Computer Science, Mathematics, or other relevant disciplines

Software or digital systems development skills are desirable.

This project offers an exciting opportunity to work with the HIFiRE Team. HIFiRE is an international collaboration exploring the fundamentals of hypersonics (Mach 5+ flight) through flight testing. Successful candidates will have the opportunity to work with the HIFiRE team to develop innovative solutions to exciting, dynamic, and challenging technical problems.

Alternative methodologies for aircraft load prediction

In order to ensure the continued airworthiness of military aircraft it is necessary to understand the loads which the aircraft are subject to in operational service. The precise measurement of aircraft loading requires strain gauge instrumentation to be fitted and calibrated through the application of known loads. During aircraft load calibration activities, the loads applied and resultant strain distribution in the structure is recorded. In subsequent analysis, DSTG generally apply multi-linear regression method to develop load equations which relate strain to load. Whilst the standard analysis method is well understood and robust, DSTG is interested in determining if alternate mathematical analysis methodology could be applied to this problem. Under this project the student will be asked to research current and alternate analysis methods, undertake data analysis of experimental data using different methods and comment on the validity and advantages of new approaches.

The following tasks/duties are envisaged: 1. Collation of relevant background material related to aircraft load calibration activities. 2. Research into current and alternative methodologies for analysis of load calibration data. 3. Selection of an appropriate alternate method. 4. Experimental data analysis, development of load equations and production of quality metrics. 5. Comparison of results from alternative methods. 6. Reporting of results.

The candidate should have a good understanding and interest in the following technical disciplines: • Aircraft structural analysis • Static load analysis and sources of loading eg aerodynamic loads • Mathematical modelling and optimization problems • Physics

The candidate should also have a general interest and knowledge of aircraft systems and be familiar with aircraft construction methods. Familiarity with the following software products is desirable: - Microsoft Office Suite - Matlab (by Mathworks) - Minitab statistical analysis software Excellent computer, verbal and written communication skills are required for this position.

During this project the candidate will work within the Aircraft Loads Team located in the Aerospace Division of DSTG at Fishermans Bend. The Aircraft Loads Team provides advice and data used in support of the continuing airworthiness of Australian Defence Force fixed wing aircraft. The team comprises of staff from a number of different backgrounds including Aerospace/Mechanical/Civil Engineering, Physics and Mathematics.

Virtual Reality Interface Control of UAS in an Urban Environment

Integration of Virtual Reality glasses into an uninhabited aerial system (UAS) simulation environment to investigate the utility of this kind of interface for supervision and control of micro UAS in urban environments

Integration of virtual reality headset into a UAS simulation environment. Development of display and control interfaces for urban environment operations. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a VR interface versus a more traditional display for UAS supervision and control for a range of use cases.

Computer science Simulation 3D gaming Virtual reality

Investigation into viable non-destructive techniques for detecting and measuring composite damage growth

DST Group is internationally regarded for its full-scale structural testing to support Australian and International fleets. DST Group is currently performing research and testing in preparation for full-scale testing of composite skins of aircraft such as the F/A-18 Hornet and the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. The successful candidate will be involved in this project through hands-on testing of composites, assessing the ability of various non-destructive inspection (NDI) techniques to growth of damage from cyclic loading.

• Review of relevant literature • Performing laboratory trials / coupon tests • Analysing test results • Document work as an internal DST Group publication, • Present to stakeholders within the DST Group.

Materials Science, Mechanical/Aerospace Engineering, Physics, composites, Non-destructive inspection (NDI)

• Material testing experience (fatigue) • Familiarity with composite materials • Effective written / oral communication skills • Ability to operate effectively in a team environment.

Experience in a technical or engineering problem solving team is desirable as well as ability to work independently (in an academic context or otherwise). High academic achievement is regarded favourably.

SVP CEWD 01

Cyber and Electronic Warfare

Edinburgh, South Australia

Propagation Analysis of Radio Frequency signals for Electronic Warfare Applications

Radio Frequency (RF) propagation modelling over sea surfaces especially in tropical regions is important for radar and electronic warfare applications. RFT group carries out RF propagation and atmospheric weather measurements to validate propagation models in those environments. The group utilizes state of the art RF transmitters and digital receivers to gather propagation data that require analysis using digital signal processing (DSP) techniques. The aim of the project is to study multi-channel transmission data at a number of microwave frequencies using Matlab software and determine various propagation effects in the lower atmosphere. This project will give the student familiarity in state of the art RF equipment as well as DSP techniques used in EW systems.

Digital receiver data analysis using Matlab, RF chain analysis, propagation loss calculations, validation with propagation models, report writing

Digital signal processing, RF Engineering, RADAR systems

Knowledge in spectral analysis, digital and analogue modulation, Matlab programming, report writing

Seeking an individual who is highly motivated with an ability to work unsupervised. Well developed interpersonal and communications skills, high level computer skills and good presentation skills will be a plus.

SVP CEWD 02

Propagation Analysis of Radio Frequency signals for Electronic Warfare Applications

Radio Frequency (RF) propagation modelling over sea surfaces especially in tropical regions is important for radar and electronic warfare applications. RFT group carries out RF propagation and atmospheric weather measurements to validate propagation models in those environments. The group utilizes state of the art RF transmitters and digital receivers to gather propagation data that require analysis using digital signal processing (DSP) techniques. The aim of the project is to study multi-channel transmission data at a number of microwave frequencies using Matlab software and determine various propagation effects in the lower atmosphere. This project will give the student familiarity in state of the art RF equipment as well as DSP techniques used in EW systems.

Digital receiver data analysis using Matlab, RF chain analysis, propagation loss calculations, validation with propagation models, report writing

Digital signal processing, RF Engineering, RADAR systems

Knowledge in spectral analysis, digital and analogue modulation, Matlab programming, report writing

Seeking an individual who is highly motivated with an ability to work unsupervised. Well developed interpersonal and communications skills, high level computer skills and good presentation skills will be a plus.

SVP CEWD 03

Applications of Relativity

Assist in the preparation of a textbook on the applications of relativity theory to engineering.

Typesetting my lecture notes. Drawing for finding suitable diagrams to best describe the concepts in the text. Going through my problem sets and solutions to ensure that they are clear and accurate.

Physics Relativity theory

Familiarity with Latex The ideal candidate would have a physics degree or be about to complete one.

SVP CEWD 04

Applying Machine Learning to Open Source Datasets for Cyber Security

Billions of dollars are lost from the Australian economy every year due to cybercrime. While traditional methods of finding suspicious network activity rely on deep packet inspection, the sheer volume of data available and ubiquitous encryption will eventually make these methods infeasible. At the same time, there exists a wealth of knowledge to be found in open source datasets (such as WHOIS and IP geolocation). The aim of this project is to apply text analysis (e.g. n-gram analysis) and machine learning techniques across these datasets to identify patterns most likely related to suspicious network communications.

• Identify useful features that can be derived from open source datasets • Implement code to parse these features from the datasets • Identify potential machine learning techniques for text analysis • Apply these techniques to find anomalies • Correlate findings with known blacklists • Document and present work

• Computer Science • Software Engineering • Computer Systems Engineering • Cyber Security

• Experience and/or interest in any programming language

• Willing to learn new skills • Ability to solve complex problems • Ability to work independently

SVP CEWD 05

Named Data Networking (NDN)

The modern Internet is built on top of the device-centric Internet Protocol (IP) in which all communication is performed end-to-end between hosts. This requires an application, or user, to locate the host containing content they are interested in (such as a webpage, file or video) before a connection can be established and the content consumed. NDN is designed to move communications on the internet from a host-centric to a data-centric architecture. Routing in an NDN is done on content, rather than IPs, which allows a user to request a resource without locating the host it resides on. This also allows routers to natively cache content, reducing bandwidth consumption and improving latency – particularly for content consumed by multiple users. The Defence Science and Technology Group would like to explore this emerging technology and better understand the impact it may have on the future of the Internet.

• Undertake a literature search in relation to NDN. • Emulate a functioning NDN network (utilising existing emulation frameworks such as CORE). • Evaluate NDN architecture for use in a knowledge based system. • Report on the above tasks.

• Computer Science. • Experience in computer networking. • Familiarity with Linux. • Familiarity with scripting languages (such as python).

• Able to work independently. • Willing to learn new skills. • Comfortable solving unfamiliar problems.

SVP CEWD 06

Using Accelerometers for Motion Sensing and Switching

Accelerometers are used in many modern consumer devices and can be used to rapidly detect various kinds of motion and device orientation (e.g. fitbit devices). A requirement is to use an accelerometer to detect the orientation of the device and use it as a motion activated switch whilst the device may be moving (e.g. being carried by a person walking). This requires interpretation of data from an accelerometer to understand what normal typical human body movements result in and how to detect an intentional user input within ordinary movements (e.g. walking, running, jumping). The outcome should be an application to detect various body movements, device orientation and a set of movements that are easily and quickly generated by the user and very unlikely to be confused with ordinary body movements.

This project requires interfacing an accelerometer and 32-bit microcontroller system using C or C++ software and may include developing a printed circuit board with an accelerometer and interface. An existing accelerometer system can be used to capture accelerometer data for processing using a tool such as Matlab, Excel or a custom C# application. This processing should enable the device orientation to be determined, as well as an indication of what sort of user movement is occurring. From this, some possible motion activated switch movements can be trialled and checked for repeatability of detection and that ordinary body movements are not detected as switch activations. A technical report should summarise the accelerometer hardware/software design, describe the data interpretation process, discuss candidate user movements, present results of movement testing and recommend user movements most suited for a user input switch.

- Computer Systems / Electrical / Electronic Engineering - Software Engineering - Computer Science

- An interest in embedded system software development using C/C++ is desirable. - Experience processing data with a tool such as Excel, Matlab or C# application is desirable. - Experience drawing schematics and printed circuit board layouts would be advantageous. - Familiarity with Silicon Laboratories or other ARM microcontrollers and development environments would be advantageous.

Personal Requirements: - Ability to work independently. - Willingness to learn new skills.

SVP CEWD 07

Low complexity phase noise mitigation for high speed digital communications

The objectives of this project are to: (1) Understand the phase noise impairment in digital communication systems. (2) Design and implement a low complexity phase noise algorithm in firmware utilising state-of-the-art model based design tools. Background: Modern high speed (multi-Gigabit/sec) digital wireless communication systems rely on oscillators with high phase stability. Unfortunately, this is often difficult to achieve in practice, particularly in millimeter wave monolithic integrated circuits used e.g. in 60 GHz wireless transceivers. Rather than producing a clean sinusoid, the output contains small random time-varying fluctuations in phase– commonly referred to as phase noise. This impairment has a number of undesirable effects: it causes spreading of the signal spectrum; and an angular smearing of the received symbols, resulting in poor bit error rate performance. Fortunately, the latter effect can be alleviated by clever digital signal processing at the receiver [1], which is the focus of this project. References: [1] N. Letzepis, "A Bayesian filtering approach to low complexity phase noise mitigation," in preparation for IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2015.

This 12 week project will involve researching relevant background material from textbooks and journal papers on phase noise mitigation techniques in digital communications. In particular, this research will concentrate on understanding the algorithm described [1], which will form the basis of the firmware implementation. Next, the algorithm firmware will be designed, simulated and tested using Matlab/Simulink with Altera’s DSPBuilder or Xilinx’s System Generator block sets.

Communications and signal processing theory.

Potential candidates should have an undergraduate level of understanding or interest in digital communications, digital signal processing, Matlab/Simulink, digital firmware design.

SVP CEWD 08

Simulation of Electronic Warfare Effects Against Passive Bistatic Radar (PBR)

Radio Frequency (RF) Electronic Attack (EA) Group uses modelling, simulation and experimentation to develop RF techniques and analyse the effects against radar systems. A new area of research is investigating RF EA against PBRs where the location of the radar receiver is unknown. This project will involve performing software development of a map-style contour plot simulation to analyse the effects of RF EA on different locations and types of PBR. The aim of the project is to create a tool to enable the evaluation of different patterns of PBRs and to determine vulnerable areas for a protected entity. The tool will be used in support of Defence operations and tactics development.

- Become familiar with jammer equations and radar range equations for bistatic radar. - Collaborate with DSTO scientists and engineers to define requirements and algorithms for the map-style contour plot simulation. - Develop required algorithms in MATLAB. - Confirm the required functionality of the simulation by testing various scenarios. - Document the design and implementation of the project. - Demonstrate the GUI simulation to the RF EA Group.

Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Applied Mathematics/Statistics, Computer Science, Software Engineering

MATLAB and/or other programming skills, signal processing/radar knowledge would be useful but is not required

SVP CEWD 09

Refence Management

Reference management involves the collection and maintenance of citable material for use as the foundation for research. Improving the reference management environment used within DST Group and its clients, to provide improved security and functionality for research staff will enable better knowledge transfer and collaboration.

The student would extend the opensource Zotero package and a custom dataserver, contributing back to the community where possible.

Computer security; Knowledge Management;

Experience with Javascript and PHP programming.

SVP JOAD 01

Joint and Operations Analysis

Intelligent Multimedia Web Service

The student will develop a web-service interface to support querying of a multimedia database managed by the Meteor Javascript App Framework for Intelligent Multimedia Presentation generation.

Integrate the neo4j graphical database with Meteor, and develop a web service interface to allow querying of a multimedia database by third party applications.

Graph databases, Multimedia databases, Web services, Semantic Web

JavaScript programming, Java programming, Web application development, Software development

This work will need to be carried out on the WISE network - PRN access is not essential (but would be handy if available)

SVP JOAD 02

Fisherman's Bend, Victoria

Knowledge stitching

Air Capability Analysis (ACA) conducts activities such as workshops and surveys to assist in solving Defence problems. A common goal of these activities is to elicit information from subject matter experts (SMEs) to help improve understanding of a problem and its potential solutions. However, because each SME only holds a partial view of the world, a more complete understanding can be created through gathering and synthesising knowledge from multiple SMEs. This process of knowledge transfer is known as ‘stitching’ and is a good model for describing how interdisciplinary teams collaborate to understand complex problems. This student project will explore the idea of knowledge stitching from a theoretical perspective. The work will involve designing and running experiment(s) to test how the concept works in practice and identify how it could apply to ACA’s knowledge elicitation activities. A simple test case will be used: ordering a large list of cities by population size, using only partial information elicited from ‘experts’ in a survey. The researcher will explore methods for creating the complete, ordered list given the partially derived information.

1. Knowledge stitching 2. Knowledge elicitation 3. Survey design 4. Prioritisation methods

Student should be keen to engage survey respondents through phone, email and face to face.

SVP JOAD 03

Browser Based 3D Visualisation of Air Combat Simulations

The aim of this project is to develop a web based 3D visualisation tool demonstrating how replays of air combat simulations can be viewed through mainstream internet browsers. The task will involve taking output files generated by air combat simulations, parsing these files, and then generating a 3D replay of the scenario in a web browser. The tool will be unique in that it will also visualise the decision making of agents in air combat simulations. The purpose of such a system is that it provides a cross platform solution allowing replays to be viewed on any machine connected to the internet, without the need to download or install additional software. This is a project which will allow the student to use cutting edge technology and allow operations analysts to visualise complex simulations of air combat. We are interested in innovative approaches to the design and operation of the tool, providing the student freedom to experiment with design and implementation.

• Software engineering (design, programming, testing, documentation and configuration management); • Interpreting air combat simulation results; and • Using web scripting languages and 3D graphics APIs to develop a prototype of a 3D replay tool.

Software Engineering or Computer Science

Desirable, but not essential skills are: • Programming in JavaScript and Python • WebGL / OpenGL / three.js • HTML 5

A software engineer or computer scientist with a systematic approach to designing, developing, documenting and testing software.

SVP JOAD 04

Canberra, Australian Capital Territory

Applying risk management to define capability investment priorities

In the current fiscal environment there is a need in Defence to support evidence-based decision-making associated with the prioritisation and optimisation of existing and future major Defence capabilities, infrastructure projects and facilities. This student research project will focus on the development of a scientifically based investment prioritisation methodology to assist better decision-making in designing and managing complex investment portfolios in Defence. The project will be hosted by the Strategic Capability Analysis Branch and will provide the participating student with an excellent opportunity to gain understanding of the capability development process in Defence and develop effective solutions to complex strategic planning problems through the application of analytical techniques.

The student will work in a team with other researchers to develop an innovative portfolio investment methodology based on scientific risk management principles which will involve completing the following tasks under a limited supervision: * Reading and studying relevant scientific papers, reports, policies, guidelines and manuals * Preparing literature reviews and summaries * Conducting analysis and developing risk based investment models * Collecting data from various sources and implementing models in a suitable tool such as Excel * Writing a short research report * Presenting a briefing about their work * If the successful candidate has mathematical skills there could also exist an opportunity to conduct quantitative and statistical analysis and modelling

* Risk Management * Business and Management * Decision Science * Strategic studies * Defence Studies * Operations Research * Public Policy and Administration

* Strong analytical skills * Ability to work in a team * Ability to work with limited supervision * Some quantitative skills in Mathematics and Applied Statistics would be an advantage but are not essential

This role is suitable for a highly motivated research student with interest and willingness to work in the Australian Public Service and Defence. To be eligible for the placement the successful applicant will need to be willing to be assessed for suitability to hold Baseline Vetting security clearance that will involve background checking. The successful applicant will need to be willing and able to relocate to Canberra for the duration of the placement.

SVP JOAD 05

Communications Modelling for Unmanned Aircraft Systems

The project involves modelling of satellite communication links for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) using Analytical Graphics Inc. Systems Tool Kit (STK) software. This will include investigating how to use the software to develop models and scenarios for assessing the capability of the UAS to support mission operations. The expected output is a report that includes an evaluation of the capabilities of STK, in particular: communication link modelling including the strengths and weaknesses, and an assessment of how the software may support future modelling and simulation of the UAS operating in different communication environments.

The project will require the student to become familiar with STK (if not already) and investigate the capabilities of the tool to support the project. Depending on the outcomes of the initial tool assessment, develop models and simulations in STK to demonstrate use of the tool for communications link modelling of the UAS. The student will also be required to prepare a report and deliver a presentation on the work undertaken.

Software Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Communications Engineering, Computer Science, Physical Sciences

MATLAB programming

The student will work in the Aerospace Capability Analysis (ACA) Branch of the Joint and Operations Analysis Division (JOAD) of DST Group. ACA Branch develops and applies analytical methods, techniques and tools to inform decisions impacting Australian Defence Force aerospace capabilities.

SVP JOAD 06

User interface development for a Matlab-Simulink based constructive simulation environment (CHOPPA)

Develop a user friendly graphical interface for an in-house developed constructive simulation environment - the Constructive Helicopter OPerations and Performance Analysis (CHOPPA). The interface will require the capability to setup scenarios using Google Maps overlays, select parameters to be varied, plot and have post-processing functionalities. Following development, the student will test the capability for a simulated mission using Australia's maritime helicopter capability.

Eliciting user interface requirement from potential users of the simulation; Liaising with simulation developers to identify data inputs/outputs. Developing and testing the UI using Simulink, Matlab or python; Communication and presentation of findings throughout the project (informal discussions and demos); Official presentation at the end of the project on the work done thus far (45 minutes); Delivery of a single page brief of the capability that includes the input/output data requirements.

Must be undertaking a degree in computer science, software engineering or aero engineering

Must have a very strong familiarity with scientific and engineering applications of Simulink, Matlab or python. Experience using Google Maps API would be useful but non-essential

Able to work without much supervision; able to work with problems that require initial scoping; works well within a team of peers; communicates effectively; an interest in technology

SVP JOAD 07

Development of an interface between a proprietary 3D engine (VBS2 and/or SimDIS) with a matlab-simulink based constructive simulation environment (CHOPPA)

Explore the use of SimDIS and Virtual Battlespace 2 (VBS2) for an in-house developed constructive simulation environment - the Constructive Helicopter OPerations and Performance Analysis (CHOPPA). The student will develop a tool that will be able to convert the recorded state information from a single or a series of constructive simulations into data that SimDIS and/or VBS2 will be able to use to visualise the simulation in their respective 3D environments. Following development, the student will test the capability for a simulated mission using Australia's maritime helicopter capability.

Exploring the suitability of SimDIS and/or VBS2 given supervisor requirements; Liaising with simulation developers to identify data inputs/outputs. Developing and testing the tool using languages supporting Simulink, Matlab, python, SimDIS or VBS2; Communication and presentation of findings throughout the project (informal discussions and demos); Official presentation at the end of the project on the work done thus far (45 minutes); Delivery of a single page brief of the capability that includes the input/output data requirements.

Must be undertaking a degree in computer science, software engineering or aero engineering;

Must have a very strong familiarity with scientific and engineering applications of Simulink, Matlab or python. Experience performing co-ordinate transformations between different reference frames in positioning and navigation applications is highly desirable.

Able to work without much supervision; able to work with problems that require initial scoping; works well within a team of peers; communicates effectively; an interest in technology

SVP LD 01 Land Fisherman's Bend, Victoria

Synthesis of Chemical Warfare Related Compounds as Standards for Verification

The use of authentic standards to positively identify compounds in samples suspected of containing chemical warfare agents and related materials is a vital capability for Land Division’s Chemical Agent Analysis Facility (CAAF). This project will involve identifying and assessing synthetic pathways for selected chemical warfare agent related materials to act as synthetic standards in support of the Land Division’s analytical chemistry capability.

Chemical Synthesis Literature survey Laboratory notebook keeping WHS compliance

Organic and Analytical Chemistry Experience with the use of SciFinder Scholar and ChemOffice suite of programs

Applicant must have completed 2nd year organic chemistry

SVP LD 02 Land Scottsdale, Tasmania

Recovery feeding strategies after prolonged energy and nutrient deficit in military populations - a literature review

A systematic review of the peer reviewed literature to identify studies (both review and experimental) that have investigated, in military populations, the effects of energy and nutrient deficit and recovery feeding strategies. Key factors to identify include (but are not limited too): duration of nutrient deficit, indicators monitored, study (observation) duration, intervention method, results, and recommendations. Research involving civilian population groups may also be considered.

- Desk based literature search; competency with the use of web based databases and library catalogues (essential) - Collation of data; ability to use Microsoft Office programs is essential. - Report preparation - Preparation and delivery of oral presentation

- Nutrition - Health sciences - Biochemistry - Physiology - Dietetics

- Familiarity with use of reference management software

This work will contribute to Task 07/078 related deliverables.

SVP LD 03 Land Sydney, New South Wales

Development and validation of food preference scales for consumer research.

The aim of this project is to produce scales for measuring food preference (and/or concepts such as acceptance, appropriateness or eating behavior). Initially activities would include a desktop review of the processes for development and validation of scales relating to consumer research, producing a summary of the key processes. Subsequent activities include the development of scales for measuring food preference (and other concepts as deemed necessary). These scales will form the basis for a bank of scales ready for pilot testing, further validation and inclusion in field studies.

Search open literature for processes into development and validation of scales. Review literature and summarise critical processes (in DST report format). Develop and recommend a bank of scales for inclusion into a pilot study for validation. Prepare and deliver oral presentation of findings.

Consumer Science, Sensory Science, Food Science, Nutrition, Psychology, Social Science.

An understanding of statistics involved in psychometric analysis is desirable but not essential. Confident in the use of Microsoft Office suite, demonstrated good communication skills both written and oral.

Two or three years of undergraduate food science and technology, consumer research, or relevant social science and applied science degree.

Modelling the performance of welded joints under dynamic loading

A large number of ADF platforms use welded structures. It is well established that the properties of the weld material and heat affected zone can significantly impact the response of a structure subjected to blast loading, however there is limited information available on methods to accurately simulate or quantify these effects. This project will help to develop a methodology for modelling the performance of welded structures subjected to dynamic loading conditions. The project will utilise the results from previous testing on the high strain rate material properties of the constituent zones of welded aluminium structures (parent metal, weld metal and HAZ). The models will then be validated against experimental test data.

1. Literature review on modelling welded structures under dynamic loading. 2. Analysis of the microstructure of the welded aluminium structures used in the characterisation and validation tests. 3. Developing and conducting numerical simulations of experimental tests on welded structures subjected to dynamic loading conditions.

Aerospace/Mechanical Engineering Materials Engineering

Finite element experience beneficial but not required

Evaluating the multi-hit performance of fibre-reinforced composite armour

Fibre-reinforced composites are promising materials for ballistic protection due to their high strength, stiffness and low weight. However it has been shown that these materials under ballistic impact exhibit large scale back face deformation. While this maximizes the ballistic performance under a single impact, the large deformation can have adverse effects on the performance under multiple impacts. In this project the student will investigate various methods to improve the multi-hit performance of composites.

The student will explore and evaluate methods for improving the multi-hit performance of composites using an explicit finite element code (ANSYS AUTODYN). The student will assist in the validation of promising solutions through experimental ballistic testing.

Aerospace/Mechanical Engineering and related disciplines.

Knowledge of FEA is desirable but not essential.

Autonomous Search

Develop, implement and experimentally verify computer programs for autonomous search and localization of hazardous sources.

The task is to transfer and experimentally verify existing algorithms for autonomous search(coded up in MATLAB) on a robotic platform equipped with a Raspberry Pi single-board computer, a wireless link and sensors.

Real-time computing, programming and software development.

python, Linux, MATLAB

Using a game engine (VBS/ARMA) for assessment of camouflage

a game engine, a cousin of the ARMA franchise. VBS is being used with varies militaries around the world for training purposes. Within the Australian Army, it is an in-service simulation environment which is focused on combined arms with emphasis on dismounted combat. Within the Integrated Personnel Protection STC, Land Division, VBS is being used to as a platform to create scenarios which are operationally relevant to assess the operational effectiveness of signature management system. This project will provide the student with an opportunity to use a game engine for real life applications, as well as to expose the student to research methodologies, including study design and implementation. By the end of the student’s time at DST Group, he/she will be expected to have created and implemented one or more scenarios within VBS what can be used in the future assessment of camouflage systems.

The student will be tasked with the following: 1) Familiarization with the VBS software 2) Work with Research Scientists to create a scenario suitable for the assessment of signatures 3) Create an environment for the scenario within VBS, through adapting and modifying existing environments and models. 4) Implement AI behaviour suitable for the scenario through the in-game scripting language 5) Generate a report summarising the work undertaken.

Computational Simulation Computer game engine Signature management

Understanding of basic programming/ concepts, knowledge of a programming language useful. Familiarisation with VBS, ARMA or similar game engines. Experience with 3D modelling and image manipulation software

SVP MD 01 Maritime Fisherman's Bend, Victoria

Maritime Platform Performance Modelling and Simulation

The Platform Systems Analysis and Performance group of Maritime Division, Defence Science and Technology Group (DST Group) is utilising advanced simulation and optimisation techniques to guide the development of Australia's new submarine capability. A student is required to assist in the development of DST Group's capability to conduct assessment through simulation. The successful candidate will develop tools to assist DST Group in conducting analyses to further understanding of the platform level characteristics of submarine designs and integrated performance. This includes power and energy, endurance, atmospheric conditions, waste and signatures aspects of submarines. Working within an established team conducting maritime platform systems analysis the successful candidate will build upon existing models and tools under the guidance of DST Group researchers. Experience in programming and development of mathematical software models is desirable though not essential. The successful candidate will implement a constrained optimiser to improve the performance of current tools developed by DST Group researchers. Additionally, the successful candidate will extend current tools by developing system models for a range of modern submarine air independent propulsion (e.g. battery and fuel cell) systems.

- Development of software tools. - Development of mathematical models in software. - Documentation of the tools and models developed.

- Mathematics - Computer Science - Physics - Engineering

- Excellent verbal and written communication skills - Programming experience (any language) - Experience with using Linux based operating systems

Underwater bubble tracking

Using underwater video footage from a recent experiment, the aim of the project is to determine the characteristics (especially lifespan) of the bubbly wake formed behind an object moving through the free surface.

Developing and implementing computer code for automating image analysis.

Computer Science Physics Mechanical/Chemical Engineering

Experience using Matlab. Experience with digital image processing.

SVP MD 03 Maritime HMAS Stirling, Western Australia

OpenSimulator Augmentation

Through this project we aim to extend the functionality of OpenSimulator (an open source 3D virtual world). The extension will allow assessment of the utility of spaces constructed in the virtual world through a set of metrics applied to objects in the spaces. Other goals achieved through extending the functionality of OpenSimulator will also be pursued.

This project requires programming skills, C# or python would be preferred however other languages could be acceptable. Information on objects in the virtual world is held in a MySQL database and so some knowledge of SQL query construction will be required but that could be developed during the placement. The task is to gather data about objects in the virtual world, apply an algorithm to the data and report the results. The algorithm and reporting mechanism are under development and contributions in this space by the candidate during the project would be welcome. Note that some mathematical abilities will be required. The algorithm is expected to involve aspects like calculating shortest distance between objects (around other objects) in 3D space. Stretch goals include the scripting of objects (using linden scripting language) to simplify design and the manipulation of entities in the virtual world through a web based interface.

The skills and interests are likely to come from a candidate with an interest in games development however others with programming skills and a modest mathematical ability are encouraged to apply. This activity will support research by Human Systems Integration researchers. These researchers are using virtual environments to build tools to support the rapid development and assessment of physical spaces.

Knowledge of HTML and web interface design, graphics design and an interest in the application of gaming technologies to serious applications would all be useful but not essential.

The project supervisor is a statistician with some background in software development and knowledge of OpenSimulator. You will be encouraged to contribute toward developing innovative solutions to the problems that arise during the development.

The Vulnerability, Damage Control & Recoverability Group is developing an Integrated Survivability Modelling and Simulation (M&S) environment to assess the survivability of Royal Australian Navy (RAN) platforms after a damage event. The M&S environment is being built around the UNITY3D simulation engine to co-ordinate disparate models for simulating the damage event and crew response. An important aspect of this M&S environment includes the development of a deterministic decision-making model to simulate crew decisions during RAN damage control operations, which can be demonstrated within UNITY3D. This Summer Vacation Placement (SVP)project is to examine and implement a suitable method for demonstrating crew response within UNITY3D.

Investigating suitable deterministic decision making implementation methods, such as Hierarchical Task Networks and Behaviour Models; and develop suitable deterministic decision-making tools for use within the UNITY3D simulation environment for generic damage control scenarios. The output from this project will include demonstration of the decision model(s) within UNITY3D and documentation supporting the use of the model(s).

Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science.

Experience with UNITY3D or similar simulation environments; and programming experience, preferably in C#.

SVP MD 05 Maritime Edinburgh, South Australia

Propeller Acoustics Cavitation of marine propellers is the most prevalent source of underwater sound in the oceans. Furthermore, when it occurs, propeller cavitation is usually the dominant noise source for any single marine vehicle. This project aims to produce acoustic models for propellers when fitted to vessels such as torpedoes, submarines, and surface ships. The model is to be incorporated into DST Group’s existing sonar acoustic time series simulator/stimulator.

1. Work with DST Group scientists and engineers to define the requirements, algorithms and software architecture needed. 2. Implement simple acoustic models in Matlab to verify the feasibility of the approach. 3. Review the approach/architecture and modify as necessary. 4. Implement the acoustic model in DST Group’s sonar simulator/stimulator. 5. Test the implementation against the requirements. 6. Write a report assessing the model and recommend improvements.

Sonar Real time signal processing Underwater acoustics

C++, Qt, Matlab, signal processing, mathematics

Characterisation of the Change in Three Dimensional Expansion Behaviour of Composite Materials with Temperature and Moisture Adsorption

It is important to understand the thermal and moisture expansion behavior of fibre reinforced composite materials for applications in the marine environment where dimensional tolerances or an interference fit are part of the application design. This behavior in fibre reinforced composites is highly dependent on the direction with respect to the reinforcement, the fibre type used, fibre volume and lay-up schedule. The aim of this project is to undertake measurements using a thermomechanical analyser on a range of composite specimens and also condition samples in water and monitor changes. The results will then be used to derive relationships for the dependence on various factors to develop predictive relationships and applying these to numerical modelling of an example application.

The project will involve laboratory based work including fabrication of composite materials, specimen preparation and use of various specialized instrumentation including a thermomechanical mechanical analyser and other specific test methods, for example to determine the fibre volume of a composite material. A literature survey will be undertaken to support interpretation of results and application of suitable relationships.

Materials Engineering, Materials Science, Polymer Science

Some experience with numerical modelling such as finite element analysis would be desirable.

Training will be provided on all procedures as required for the project including relevant Work Health and Safety requirements and all required personnel protection equipment (PPE) will be provided.

SVP MD 07 Maritime Sydney, New South Wales

Micro-Influence Generator (MIG)

Autonomous underwater vehicles are increasingly being used as multi-purpose platforms, with their use expanding from detection of potential sea-mines, to their classification as a mine rather than a rock or oil drum and eventual mine neutralisation. Modern sea mines typically lie on the sea bed and listen for the sounds of approaching ships or look for their magnetic field before detonating. This project is aimed at developing a proof of concept low-cost disposable acoustic and/or magnetic micro-influence generator to trigger or temporarily incapacitate the acoustic and magnetic sensors of sea-mines. The project will involve the construction of the micro influence generator, and its testing in a tank or in Sydney Harbour.

1. Identification of a microcontroller based control module for the system 2. Integration of supplied power source, magnetic and acoustic sources and control circuitry, along with any student-recommended changes to the design/sources which are feasible within the work-timeframe. 3. Measurement of source levels attainable from the system, and system endurance. 4. Write report documenting system and identifying further design improvements to the system.

Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physics, Mechatronic Engineering

Programming skills Soldering skills

This project will involve hands on work in the manufacture and testing of the system.

Magnetic materials for Radar Absorption

In order to reduce the effectiveness of radar seekers for targeting platforms, Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) are applied to the exterior of Defence Platforms. RAM comes in many different configurations, using materials which convert the microwave energy into heat. Radar absorbers generally use either electric or magnetic inclusions in a polymer matrix to absorb the radiation. Magnetic absorbers are generally more efficient, as the magnetic field strength is greatest near the surface of good conductors such as metals. However, there is a relative lack of materials available with absorbing properties at microwave frequencies. Barium ferrites can be compounded with other elements to form powders with magnetic loss across a range of frequencies which is dependent upon the composition of the additives. The absorption properties can in effect be “tailor made” to suit the requirements. In addition, using two or more substituted Barium ferrites with slightly different compositions can show relatively broadband behaviour in a single layer configuration.

Develop magnetic powders made from Barium ferrites in a high temperature furnace and ball mill the sintered product to the required particle size. This powder will then be mixed in a polymer matrix and the magnetic properties of the mixture tested at microwave frequencies to determine the resonant frequency of the material.

Physics, Materials Science or Engineering.

General laboratory skills

On-board monitoring of noise and vibration using a PVDF smart sensor.

Monitoring on-board submarine noise and vibration is vital for estimating the far field acoustic signature. Over time, machinery and other mechanical parts can deteriorate or even fail. This can result in an increase in the transmission of sound into the water, which, in turn can increase the vulnerability of the submarine. It would be very desirable to have compact, easy to use smart sensors that could continually monitor and analyse the on-board noise and vibration.

This project will involve developing a smart sensor that will be used to monitor the integrity of isolation mounts used to minimise noise transmission from the engine into the hull. The sensor will use piezoelectric Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) as the piezoelectric element and a Beagle Bone Black for the on-sensor micro controller. The successful student will be involved in the entire sensor development process from fabrication to m-controller programming. It would suit a student who enjoys hands-on experimental work.

The student should have an interest in experimental methods used in acoustics and noise and vibration. Experience with Linux, Python and C++ would be highly desirable Experience in noise and vibration theory Basic signal conditioning techniques.

Familiarity with m-controllers such as Arduino, Rasberry Pi and Beagle Bone Black would be very beneficial. Some knowledge of signal processing using MatLab

Calm Water Manoeuvring Performance of Surface Vessels

This project will involve the development of analysis and visualisation routines for characterising the calm water manoeuvring performance of surface vessels.

• Prepare raw full-scale trial data for post-processing • Develop numerical routines for analysing ship motion & manoeuvring performance • Develop graphical tools for visualising manoeuvring performance results • Apply analysis & visualisation routines to full-scale ship trial data. • Integrate newly developed capabilities into existing software suite. • Produce a report detailing work carried out and main findings. • Deliver a presentation on the research project and its outcomes.

Naval Architecture Mechanical Engineering Aerospace/Aeronautical Engineering Applied Science/Physics or similar

Understanding of hydrodynamics, manoeuvring, seakeeping and naval architecture concepts would be advantageous.

• Strong written and oral communication skills are essential, as is the ability to work as part of a team. • High levels of initiative and self motivation are required, including the ability to work independently in unsupervised environments. • Experience with desktop applications such as Word, Excel and PowerPoint is essential. • Demonstrated programming experience in MATLAB is essential.

Maritime Platform CAD Model Development for Survivability Assessments

Computer models representing the physical ship description and on-board system design of Naval vessels are required for the simulation of vessel vulnerability to weapon strike. Models are required for integration with the Unity3D simulation platform and must contain all the relevant data for a survivability simulation. This project aims to develop a generic ship target whilst identifying and documenting the required data sets. The project will involve collating relevant data, manipulating existing CAD models and defining required detail whilst testing compatibility with the simulation system

•Use CAD package to develop target model •Test model in simulation environment •Research and develop data set requirements for model •Document best practice for model development

Systems egineering Product development engineering Naval Architecture

•Proficiency in CAD modelling •Understanding of 3D simulation engines

Needs to be penultimate year student with computer systems and systems engineering knowledge

LES study of flow along a contoured ramp

The Hydroacoustics Group in Maritime Division conducts Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of flows around submarines to understand the significant time dependent turbulent flow structures which influence submarine dynamics and acoustic signatures. The accuracy of these simulations is affected by the nature of the underlying subgrid scale models used in the simulations. To gain an improved understanding of the behaviour of these models and their ability to accurately simulate flow separation and reattachment under test conditions a number of simulations have been conducted of the flow over a smoothly contoured ramp. Five different subgrid scale models have been tested on meshes containing up to 160 million cells. Preliminary results from these simulations have been compared with experimental data and were presented at the Ninth International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena held at Melbourne University in 2015. The simulations contain a wealth of flow field data and further work needs to be done to extract this data and make a detailed comparison with all available experimental results. This will provide us with an improved understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of each model and will lead to more accurate simulations for practical applications.

The student will be involved in extracting relevant flow field data from simulation output and comparing with an extensive set of experimental data. Quantities of interest include mean velocities, Reynolds stresses, pressure coefficients, friction coefficients and separation and reattachment lines. The simulations were run using OpenFOAM software and the analysis will involve extracting the data and then plotting it for comparison with experiment using MATLAB/Octave software.

The student should have a background in Mechanical Engineering/Physics/Aerospace Engineering and a strong interest in fluid dynamics and the physics of turbulent fluid flow. Good programming skills and an ability to modify scripts and plotting software will be required. Familiarity with both Linux and OpenFOAM would be highly advantageous.

Previous experience in running Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations using either commercial software such as Fluent, or open source software such as OpenFOAM, would be highly desirable. The applicant is expected to be proficient in the use of standard software such as MATLAB, Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint.

The student will have access to a PC running the Microsoft suite of programs for report writing and the preparation of presentations. The majority of the analysis will be performed on Linux workstations. The student will be supervised by Dr. David A. Jones, a Senior Research Scientist in the Hydroacoustics group, but will also interact with other group members familiar with the simulations and the type of analysis required to be undertaken. The student is expected to prepare a written report at the end of the three months period of employment and also to give a brief PowerPoint presentation describing the results obtained.

Applications for 3D and Touch Interactions in Submarine Sonar Displays

The DST Group team that is responsible for delivering submarine sonar concept demonstrators is modernising its user interfaces. Experimentation into the combined use of 3D and touch is proposed to examine its usefulness in this context.

Develop or extend new and existing submarine sonar concept displays to add touch interaction. Contribute to a library of 3D user interface widgets. Propose ideas to improve the efficiency of displays.

Software Engineering User interface design/Human-computer interaction

Familiarity with Linux and Windows, C++ Programming Basic GUI Programming experience Qt Framework exposure

The position is at Garden Island WA and own transport is recommended, limited access to the island otherwise.

SVP MD 14 Maritime Edinburgh, South Australia

GPU computation of Threat Maps

Multistatic sonobuoy fields consist of a dispersed field of source and receiver sonobuoys used to search a region for threats. Operation of such a field can be challenging in knowing which sources to transmit at any time and in determining when an area can be declared clear of any targets. The performance of the field can be assessed using a threat probability density map, which provides a digital representation of the probability density function of an existing but undetected threat in the search region via Monte Carlo simulation of possible threats. An underlying acoustic and sonar system model is used to represent the sonobuoy field and its detection performance. The Threat Map provides information which can be utilized in selection and evaluation of sonobuoy field controls such as time between sonar transmissions and choice of sources and waveforms. Maritime Division has developed a set of CUDA kernels for Monte-Carlo computation of the Threat Map using GPUs and plans to further explore this approach and streamline the associated computation tools.

The student will be required to assist with the following tasks: 1. Explore and compare alternate methods for maintaining diversity in the Monte Carlo simulation of threat. Currently our Threat Map computation kernels employ the Bayes integration method. Particle elimination method is an alternative technique – it provides a better flexibility but is more computationally demanding. The objective is to implement the particle elimination technique in CUDA and carry out comparison with the Bayes integration method for simple detection rules. 2. Transformation of MATLAB scripts used in the demonstrations into a GUI. The objective is to review developed CUDA kernels and demo scripts, and transfer the demonstrated functionality into an application thus streamlining the initialisation, mode selection and clean-up tasks.

Sonar Signal Processing and Performance Analysis

Programming Skills (MATLAB, basic skills in CUDA) Applied Mathematics Signal processing and underwater acoustics knowledge would be useful but is not required or expected.

SVP NSID 01

National Security & ISR

Radar Detection in Spiky X-Band Clutter

There has been much research undertaken at DSTG to examine issues with small target detection in clutter with a high resolution maritime surveillance radar operating from an airborne platform. The project will examine some issues with a popular detection process and will attempt to improve its performance. This will involve mathematical development of a solution, followed by implementation in Matlab and testing of the resultant algorithm.

Work closely with supervisor to develop mathematical model, followed by adaptation of Matlab code to examine new algorithm's performance.

Mathematical analysis; Probability Theory; Numerical Methods

Competence in Matlab essential. Must understand probability and statistics.

SVP NSID 02

A web app supporting realtime, interactive map visualisations and control of big data overlays.

The Analysts’ Detection Support System (ADSS) is a world-class data processing software system developed by our project team. The system interrogates large collections of data to detect geographic points of interest which are subsequently databased. Upon request, these location detections and relevant data are made available to the end user by a range of web mapping software. Software development challenges in this area relate to rapidly advancing web map application technology (and web technology in general), the realtime interactivity the user demands when searching and visualising very large data collections over large geographic regions and complexity in the evolving ADSS software system architecture. The project, for up to a three student team, involves prototyping a high performance web app supporting overlay of detections and associated data within a web mapping application. Under supervision, the student team will undertake requirements analysis, technology assessment, software design, implementation, and technical documentation. This will require supervised collaboration with ADSS developers, system architects and subject matter experts using a state-of-the-art software development toolset.

Under the guidance of your project supervisor: - use agile software development methods - interact with ADSS software developers, architects and project stakeholders to understand the problem domain and elicit requirements - effectively prioritise proposed features - design, implement and integrate your app - present your work to interested stakeholders - get to know our technology and our team, and learn some new skills

Any of: Computer Science, Software Engineering, Geospatial Information Systems, Computer Systems/Electrical Engineering, Computer Graphics, Information Technology, Computer Vision.

Experience with or an interest in learning relevant software technology, for example: - JavaScript (Node.js, jQuery, AngularJS, OpenLayers, D3.js), HTML5, CSS, Python, PHP, C++, Bash - OpenStreetMap (OSM), the Web Map Service (WMS) protocol, RESTful Web Services or, more generally: - web engineering and development - developing on and deploying to Linux platforms - agile team software development

Team software project experience is desirable as well as an interest in open source software. High academic achievement is regarded favourably.

SVP NSID 03

SVP NSID 04

SVP NSID 05

Target tracking for passive radar

Target tracking is the process where measurements from a surveillance sensor, such as a radar or a video camera, are used to answer questions such as “how many objects can the sensor see?”, “where are they located?”, “where are they going?” and “when will they get there?” DST Group has a number of test sensors including active and passive radars. Passive radar systems detect objects by processing reflected electromagnetic energy from environmental sources such as commercial radio stations. In this project you will learn how to track multiple objects using measurements from these sensors. The measurements are in a different coordinate system to the motion of the objects with a non-linear transformation between the two. Your contribution will be to implement and test non-linear tracking algorithms on these measurements, to produce graphical output and document your results. Knowledge of Kalman filtering, non-linear filtering and state space estimation will be developed.

Researching and implementing algorithms in MATLAB. Testing using real and simulated sensor data. Producing and documenting results.

Applied Mathematics, Computer Systems Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Signal and Information Processing, Statistics, Physics.

Programming skills, preferably using MATLAB. Solid background in Mathematics (linear algebra, probability theory)

SVP NSID 06

Geo-locating Targets from Video Tracking

Target tracking is the process where surveillance sensor measurements are used to answer questions such as “how many targets are there?”, “where are they located?” and “where are they going?” Existing video tracking software can track multiple targets from video imagery of a road network by identifying changes from frame to frame over a series of video images. Pixel positions for targets in these images are known; however, it is not easy to obtain the absolute latitude and longitude of targets or their location in the road network accurately. Your contribution will help us develop a method for accurately mapping a target from the image plane to a geographic reference. A possible solution involves the registration of video images to a secondary image set with known locations, such as Google Earth imagery. This registration process could include the tracking of features in an image to extract the road network. The knowledge of a target’s absolute position enhances models used for tracking, the stitching of track segments representing a single target and identifying anomalous behaviour.

Researching and implementing algorithms using tools such as MATLAB, Elastix and OpenCV, testing these algorithms using real sensor data, and producing and documenting results.

Image Processing, Computer Systems Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Programming skills, preferably using MATLAB.

Solid background in Mathematics (probability theory, linear algebra)

SVP NSID 07

The Impact of Plastic Surgery on Face Matching

Face matching is the process of looking at two (or more) faces and making a decision as to whether they are the same person or not. A Customs Officer at the airport checking your passport is a perfect example. Our ability to perform this task is challenged by a number of variables (e.g., pose, expression, lighting and ageing). This project seeks to analyse the impact of the plastic surgery variable on face matching by asking: how well can we match a face before and after various plastic surgery procedures?

Under supervision, the project will involve conducting a short literature review, preparing and running a computer-based experiment testing human face matching ability, and analysis and write up of results.

Psychology, behavioural science, social science

Report writing, basic statistical analysis

The Biometrics Group (within the National Security and Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance Division) is a multidisciplinary team (n = 14) of general scientists, mathematicians, systems engineers, psychologists, and programmers. We are interested in both the technical (algorithm) and the human (user) aspects of biometric systems (with a focus on face recognition technology).

SVP SES 01 Scientific Engineering Services

Mechanical characterisation of 3D printed components

The student will plan and carry out testing on 3D printed test specimens in order to characterise their material properties under limited guidance. The student will then design and carry out additional testing in order to quantify the material properties for various 3D printed design configurations. The output of the placement will be a recommendation on the materials properties that can be used in design, and the development of a method for verification of material properties of 3D printed components.

Mechanical Testing, Analysis and application of Mechanical Engineering Principles.

Mechanical Engineering Finite Element Analysis, Computer Aided Design

SVP SES 02 Scientific Engineering Services

Design of a Hydrostatic Pressure Testing Unit

The student will plan, design and analyse a hydrostatic pressure testing unit under limited guidance. The student will have prior experience with Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools, preferably Solid Edge or Siemens NX as well as Finite Element tools such as ANSYS Workbench. The student will work alongside other design engineers and develop experience in a mechanical design engineering role.

Design, Analysis and Documentation. Mechanical Engineering Competency in Computer Aided Design and Finite Element Analysis.

SVP WCSD 01

Weapons and Combat Systems

Structural vulnerability assessment

The Vulnerability assessment team assesses structures for their response to blast and fragment loading. This project will build on current work and expand to address new building types.

Learn to use a structural modelling program. Apply blast loads, assess results and report on results. Teach fellow team members the basics of civil engineering.

Civil/Structural engineering. Proficient with Excel, Word and Powerpoint.

SVP WCSD 02

Aerodynamic Data Generation Tool

Aerodynamic data sets are one of the required inputs to weapons systems models. Such data is currently generated either through empirical means by current-generation empirical aerodynamic data generators (e.g. Missile DATCOM), or the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools such as NASA Cart3D. The data generated by CFD is typically of higher fidelity, however the longer time required to set up and run cases is a barrier for using CFD to produce large data sets. The Weapons Modelling and Analysis group have attempted to overcome this by developing a stand-alone tool (QuickCart) which drives the Cart3D solver, allowing automation of the data generation process. This project's objective is to further develop QuickCart to increase its utility to provide aerodynamic data for weapons system models built using various missile model architectures. The project will require software development skills, basic Matlab knowledge, vector mathematics and ideally a basic understanding of aerodynamics.

Develop a strong understanding of GUI development using Matlab, and gain familiarity with the current version of QuickCart as well as modelling and simulation architectures used within the group. Elicit detailed user requirements for modifications to the tool from model builders as well as task supervisor. Requirements will include modifying the output formats QuickCart produces to match those required by the various missile model architectures. Design a solution which can be implemented as an additional feature for QuickCart, following UI/UX principles. Implement solution under the direction of the task supervisor and the software engineering advisor. Conduct user acceptance testing. Present on achievements and lessons learnt.

Computer Science, Software Engineering, Aerodynamics analysis techniques

Matlab programming, Vector mathematics, Object-oriented design principles, Software development experience (design, implement, test), Version control (Subversion or similar).

SVP WCSD 03

Develop a Communication Interface between a DSTO Designed Imaging Micro Chip and a FPGA Based Host Controller

The Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) – is a unique type of photo detector that can detect a single photon of light with excellent precision. By combining a collection of SPADs (or arrays) with digital circuits and then integrating these functions all onto a single chip, it is then possible to create a smart miniature sensor chip which now has the capacity to count the number of photons or measure the time of flight of photons. SPADs are particularly attractive in applications utilizing LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), which has a broad range of applications from military, meteorology, space, augmented reality, remote sensing and autonomous robotics. DSTO has developed a new photon time-of-flight measurement Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) photo-detector chip for 3-D Flash LIDAR imaging applications. This technology allows scanner-less 3-D imaging possible in very low light conditions, ideal for target imaging and recognition in weight/size critical Defence applications. With this project we propose to integrate the SPAD imaging sensor to a FPGA controlled multi-copter UAV system to demonstrate target identification and tracking in very low light conditions and in GPS denied environments.

A Verilog/VHDL code module needs to be developed for a FPGA based development board which is designed to communicate with the SPAD sensor chip. The FPGA board needs to read out the imaging data from the SPAD chip in real-time, perform post processing of the data and then record the information on a storage device.

Sensor Signal Processing, FPGA Design and Development, Microelectronics, Electro-Optics, Electronic Engineering.

Electronic Engineering. Good communication skills.

SVP WCSD 04

Development of terrain environment model in Unreal Engine 4

The Weapons Guidance and Technology Branch of the Weapons and Combat Systems Division uses simulation to conduct experiments on electro-optic and infrared sensors and weapons. Simulations require detailed and accurate models of the local environment. Previous simulations have typically been in the air and maritime environments but there is a growing need for testing systems in land environments. This project is to develop a terrain model of the Woomera test area using the development tool 'Unreal Engine 4' (www.unrealengine.com). This project will form the basis for ongoing terrain modelling in the branch.

Using terrain elevation data, maps, temperature and material data and imagery the student is to model three dimensional terrain in the Unreal Engine 4 Editor.

Science and Engineering, Modelling and Simulation

3D modelling skills Basic knowledge of physics, heat transfer, optics, radiometry would be of benefit Competency using computers and 3D modelling applications

SVP WCSD 05

Cooperative and Coordinated Strike with Multiple Networked Weapons

Modern strike weapons are becoming increasingly less effective against complex defensive systems. Missions are primarily planned in advance offline without much ability to respond intelligently to a complex and dynamically changing battlespace. However, next generation weapons will be highly networked, with access to far more information from internal and external sensors than ever before. They will have access to far more processing power and a swathe of machine learning and decision making algorithms. Coordinated weapons have the potential to improve the cost benefit ratio of a given system of weapons systems by employing techniques such as simultaneous or staggered time-on-target, multi-directional attack, online target allocation and reallocation and deceptive manoeuvres, all of which could be configured on the fly in a complex battlespace. This project will involve development of concepts, algorithms and models in the context of game between a land or sea based air defence system and a coordinated aerial assault.

Students working on this project will be involved in the development of concepts and algorithms for inter-weapon cooperation, and the construction of software models to implement these algorithms. Students will need to be able to contribute effectively to a team which collectively should have strong Matlab and Simulink skills, experience in the modelling of aerospace systems (particularly in the areas of dynamics and control) and experience in relevant mathematical or computer science areas such as game theory, optimisation, data fusion or machine learning.

Engineering - Aerospace, Mechanical, Mechatronic or similar Mathematics/Computer Science - Optimisation, Game Theory, Data Fusion, Machine Learning

Strong background in programming in general with specific skills in Matlab and Simulink. They will understand how to create mathematical models of complex dynamic systems.

Enthusiasm Creativity Good written and verbal communication skills A willingness to work in a multidisciplinary team.

SVP WCSD 06

SVP WCSD 07

Defence Science and Technology Group Summer Vacation Placement Program Project … ·...

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