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Delaware River Basin Commission
PFAS in Surface Water and Fish Tissue
from the Delaware River
Ron MacGillivray, Ph.D.Senior Environmental Toxicologist
ron.macgillivray@drbc.nj.gov
ACS National MeetingAugust 21, 2016 1
Analytical Methods Water grab samples in HDPE bottles Fish samples are composites of five standard fillets. Analytical Parameters & Methods: 13 compounds using LC/MS/MS Method Analysis by Axys Analytical LTD
Carboxylates
4 Perfluorobutanoate (PFBA)
5 Perfluoropentanoate (PFPeA)
6 Perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA)
7 Perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA)
8 Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)
9 Perfluorononanoate (PFNA)
10 Perfluorodecanoate (PFDA)
11 Perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA)
12 Perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA)
Sulfonates and Sulfonamide
4 Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS)
6 Perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS)
8 Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)
8
Perfluorooctane sulfonamide
(PFOSA)
# of carbons
3
Stewardship Programwww.epa.gov/oppt/pfoa/pubs/stewardship/
4
In 2006, EPA invited eight major fluoropolymer and telomermanufacturers to join in a global stewardship program Commit to 95 percent reduction in PFOA, precursor
chemicals, and higher homologue chemicals by 2010 Commit to working toward the elimination of these
chemicals from emissions and products by 2015 Report annual progress Analytical standards and laboratory methods for
reporting
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2007 2008 2009 2015RM 50
2007 2008 2009 2015RM 68
2007 2008 2009 2015RM 80
2007 2008 2009 2015RM 90
2007 2008 2009 2015RM 105
2007 2008 2009 2015RM 131
PFN
A(C
9)
ng
/L
NJDWQI proposed MCL 13 ng/L
Source water> RM 95
flow 5
6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
RM 50 68 80 90 105 131
PFO
A +
PFO
S n
g/L
2007 2008 2009 2015 each site
PFOS
PFOA
EPA DW health advisory 70 ng/LSource water >RM 95
flow
1
10
100
1,000
RM 6 26 50 68 71 75 80 85 88 95 105 131
PFBA C4 PFPeA C5
PFHxA C6 PFHpA C7
PFOA C8 PFNA C9
PFUnA C11 PFOS C8S
2015
flow
C5 C6PFOSPFOA
1
10
100
1,000
*
Drinking Water Source> RM95
PFAS (ng/L) decreases in surface water vary by compound
2007C9
Longer chain
C11, C10, C9, and C8 appear to be decreasing
PFOA & PFOS FOD 100%
Shorter chain C4 to C7 decreasing
C6 and C5 highest PFAS conc in 2015
Ongoing research into PFAS effects on aquatic life, wildlife and human health
8
Summary of PFAS in Surface Waters of Delaware Estuary
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2004 2005 2006 2007 2010 2012
ng/gfillet
sampling year
PFOS (C8) Smallmouth Bass From Delaware River
RM 149
RM 183
RM 246
RM 289
MDH fish consumption advisory 1 meal/wk >40 ng/g
11
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2004 2005 2006 2007 2010 2012
ng/g fillet
sampling year
PFOS (C8) in White Sucker from Delaware River
RM 149
RM 183
RM 246
RM 289
EDL <5.0 ng/g in 2004 to 2010EDL < 1.0 ng/g in 2012
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
PFOSA PFOS PFDoA PFUnA PFDA PFNA
2012
0
10
20
30
40
50
PFOSA PFOS PFDoA PFUnA PFDA PFNA
White Perch (tidal)Channel Catfish (tidal)Smallmouth Bass (non-tidal)White Sucker (non-tidal)
2004
PFAS (ng/g) in fish fillet vary by species, location and year
RM 58 & RM 149
Concentrations of PFAS in resident fish of the Delaware River vary by species, sample location and sample year.
Concentrations appear to be decreasing for longer chain compounds e.g., PFNA (C9) and PFUnA (C11), with some inconsistent results e.g., PFOS and PFOSA.
14
Summary of PFAS in Fish Filet
Surface Water – 2016 sampling in non-tidal river
Fish – compare tidal and non-tidal 2015 data (when available) to 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2012 data
Sediment – 2016 sampling in tidal river
Fish – 2016 sampling in Delaware Bay (different species)
Next Steps
15
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