DENSE + LIVEABLE STADTENTWICKLUNG NACHHALTIG UND … · SOCIAL CAPITAL: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENERAL...

DENSE + LIVEABLE STADTENTWICKLUNG NACHHALTIG UND LEBENSWERT BERLIN, 21.04.2016

PROF. HERBERT DREISEITL, DIR. RAMBOLL LIVEABLE CITIES LAB, ÜBERLINGEN KOPENHAGEN

HOW TO BRING BLUE-GREEN INTO GRAY CITIES ?!

URBANISATION AS A MEGATREND

Soon 2/3 of mankind will live in Cities This creates more and more pressure to Nature and the Environment Green disappears and Blue is displaces in the Underground But there are ways to integrate Green and Blue in dense Urbanisations

Data Source: United Nations, esa.un.org

URBANIZATION IS A MEGATREND

Green / Blue has not given priority - It is in danger to be eliminated !

… but often we turned the cities backside to water

Water is everywhere before it is somewhere …

Pittsburgh, USA

Nature

65-80 %

5-30%

0-5%

Agriculture

50%

35%

5-25%

Urban Area

0-30%

0 – 15% 55 - 100%

REPAIRING THE URBAN WATERBALANCE

The Current Challenges

1.  Climate change

2.  Traditional growing cities with increasing hard covered surfaces

3.  Limited capacities of drainage facilities, economic limits for upgrading

4.  Decreasing open space for green areas and open water

(http://wiki.bildungsserver.de/klimawandel/index.php/Datei:HH_prec.jpg)

Hamburg’s Statstics on Climate Change increasing storms and… longer dry and warm seasons

(http://wiki.bildungsserver.de/klimawandel/index.php/Datei:HH_temp1901-2007.jpg)

Max. 119 mm The heat island effect promotes heavy local downpours in cities

Climate Change affects mostly the water regime

FALLING INTO EXTREMES

TOO MUCH Flooding, Erosion

2013: Damage of 173 MIO Euro in German

agriculture

TOO LITTLE Heatwaves, Draught, Dust Pollution … 2003: 70.000 people died in Europe

… HOW TO FIND THE BALANCE AGAIN ?

Night Time Temperature

Source: National University of Singapore

END OF PIPE SOLUTION ELIMINATION OF WATER

INTEGRATIVE SOLUTION WATER AS A TREASURE

END OF PIPE SOLUTION

STATUS: GOAL:

(Grafik: Atelier Dreiseitl) (Grafik: Atelier Dreiseitl)

How to get to a Water Sensitive City INTEGRATION OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

EXAMPLE of HAMBURG, GERMANY | RISA Program

MEASURING LIVEABILITY

How to bring Blue-Green + Social Infrastructure into the Urban Fabric ?

Smale Scale – Big Impact

Multi-functional Layers

MEASURING LIVEABILITY

SINGAPORE CENTRAL CATCHMENT THE ART TO INTEGRATE BLUE-GREEN INTO DENSE CITIES

MEASURING LIVEABILITY

SINGAPORE CENTRAL CATCHMENT THE ART TO INTEGRATE BLUE-GREEN INTO DENSE CITIES

ENVIRON

BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (BGI)

BLUE\GREEN\RED FROM SEGMENTATION TO SEAMLESS INTEGRATION

DRAINAGE Single Problemsolution

RESILIENCY Sectoral dynamic Elements

FUNCTIONALITY Separated Elements parallel

INTEGRATION The Water sensitive City

built green blue

ABC Waters Principals

BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE TOOLKIT

Ramboll Foundation ReseaRch PRoject

Enhancing BluE-grEEn and Social PErformancE in high dEnSity urBan EnvironmEntS RAMBOLL LIVEABLE CITIES LAB

Sedimentation Detention

Conveyance

Retention

Storage

Filtration

Infiltration

Recycle

QUANTITY CONTROL

QUALITY CONTROL

Biological Absorption

Evaporation

BGI´S SCALES OF IMPACT

BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (BGI)

O V E R RAINWATER, GREYWATER AND BLACKWATER TREATED ON BUILDING SCALE

O N TO TREAT AND MITIGATE WATER FLOW ON SURFACE OF URBAN LANDSCAPE

U N D E R UNDERGROUND WATER TREATMENT AND STORAGE

BGI – BUILDING SCALE VEGETATED ROOF

EXTERNAL GREEN FACADE

GREEN BALCONIES

Conveyance

Biological Absorption

Infiltration

Reuse

Infiltration

Storage

INTERNAL GREENERY

STORAGE AND INFILTRATION

BUILDINGS AND GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

BUILDING ENVELOPE – SHADING AND COOLING Hotel Park Royal on Pickering - Singapore

WoHa ARCHITECTS AND TIERRA LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

BUILDING ENVELOPE – SHADING AND COOLING WoHa ARCHITECTS AND TIERRA LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

BUILDINGS AND GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

BUILDING ENVELOPE – SHADING AND COOLING WoHa ARCHITECTS AND TIERRA LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

BGI´S SCALES OF IMPACT

BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (BGI)

O N TO TREAT AND MITIGATE WATER FLOW ON SURFACE OF URBAN LANDSCAPE

BGI – NEIGHBORHOOD SCALE

MEASURING LIVEABILITY

OSTFILDERN SCHARNHAUSER PARK – MULTIFUNKTIONALE NUTZUNG DER FREIRÄUME

Regenwasserbehandlung sauberer Ablauf ins Gewässer

Verdunstung

Versickerung, Reinigung und Retention

(Grafik: Atelier Dreiseitl)

Water management at Kronsberg - Estate in Hannover, World EXPO 2000

HANGALLEEN, KRONSBERG, HANNOVER

© Dreiseitl

Zollhallenplatz Freiburg, Germany

© Barrett Dogherty

BGI´S SCALES OF IMPACT

BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (BGI)

U N D E R UNDERGROUND WATER TREATMENT AND STORAGE

BGI – UNDERGROUND SCALE

Potsdamer Platz Berlin - Freianlagen mit Urbanem Gewässer

CIRCULATION SYSTEM Postdamer Platz

ATELIER DREISEITL ATELIER DREISEITL

View over Water surface and Cleansing Biotope

POTSDAMER PLATZ Berlin, Germanz

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN ACHIEVEMENTS

Potsdamer Platz

LITANG CULTURAL PARK Tianjin, China

51

TCP under construction 2011.05-2010.03

LITANG CULTURAL PARK, Tianjin, China

LITANG CULTURAL PARK Tianjin, China

BLUE WATER RESOURCES

GREEN NATURAL HABITAT

RED PEOPLE’S WELLBEING

BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (BGI)

COMBINATION OF BLUE AND GREEN - DESIGNED FOR PEOPLE

Ramboll Foundation ReseaRch PRoject

Enhancing BluE-grEEn and Social PErformancE in high dEnSity urBan EnvironmEntS RAMBOLL LIVEABLE CITIES LAB

HOW DO WE KNOW IF A CITY IS LIVEABLE?

ENVIRON

THE SUBJECTIVE AND RELATIVE NATURE OF THE TERM VARY BETWEEN GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT AND SHIFTING PERCEPTIONS, VALUES AND DESIRES.

Image: 14karatliving 2012 Lowe, M., Whitzman, C., Badland, H., Davern, M., Hes, D., Aye, L., Butterworth, I., Giles-Corti, B. 2013

Liveability describes the FRAME CONDITIONS

of a DECENT LIFE for all inhabitants of cities,

regions and communities including their

PHYSICAL and MENTAL WELLBEING.

Liveability is based on the principle of

RAMBØLL´S DEFINITION OF LIVEABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY and SMART and thus is sensitive to nature and the protection

of its ressource. The special focus to improve liveability is to take all DIMENSIONS

that are relevant to liveability into account: the PHYSICAL, the SOCIAL and the

CULTURAL. We start from our global perspective but are most sensitive about the

specifics and characteristics of the local situation. We strive for a LOCAL APPROACH.

MOST RELEVANT INDICATORS

income employment housing freedom education life expectancy

environmental quality

infrastructure safety services climate healthcare economic growth

stability

happiness life satisfaction

family well-being

leisure well-being

spiritual well-being

quality of work life

social well-being

the good society

psychological well-being

quality of home life

Standard of Living Quality of Life

HOW TO OVERCOME SOCIETAL DISEASES?

2.1 billion people are overweight or obese

Just 33 years earlier they were 857 million

50% of Children in the world, more and more in developing countries.

… BUT CAN ALSO DESTROY OUR SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

BURNOUT – DAYS OF ILLNESS

•  In the EU, the cost of stress at work and the related mental health problems was

estimated to be between 3% and 4% of gross national product (€ 265 billion annually)

•  The National Institute of Mental Health in the US conservatively estimates the total costs

associated with serious mental illness and job stress to be in excess of

$300 billion per year (absenteeism, diminished productivity, employee turnover and

direct medical, legal and insurance fees)

•  The cumulative global impact of mental disorders in terms of lost economic output will amount to $16.3 trillion between 2011 and 2030

PERSPECTIVE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

RAINWATER TREATMENT PARK PORTLAND OG USA

Pearl District in Portland

PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN PLANNING

ACTIVITY MULTIFUNCTIONAL PORTLAND OG USA

STRESS RECOVERY RATES

5,6,7 8

5,6,7 8

Geo-textile wrapped Soil-lifts with branch layers

PILOT STUDY - CONSTRUCTION

Construction

Bioengineering Workshop, 8. Jan 2009

2008

2013

KALLANG RIVER Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park Rain Event 4th May 2011

KALLANG RIVER

BRINGING NATURE TO DOWNTOWN SINGAPORE

Image: Dreiseitl

MEASURING LIVEABILITY

1. ULU PANDAN PC, CONCRETE

2. ULU PANDAN PC, GREEN

3. BISHAN-ANG MO KIO PARK

SOCIAL CAPITAL: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENERAL TRUST IN OTHER PEOPLE AND TRUST IN OTHER PEOPLE IN THE PARK

0,17

-0,04

0,12

-0,05

0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

BAMKP UPPC Green UPPC Concrete

This graph shows that people in

BAMKP tend to trust other park users

more than they trust people in

general. People in the green part of

UPPC on the other hand, trust people

in that park less than people in

general.

SOCIAL CAPITAL: HOW CLOSE DO YOU FEEL TO OTHER PEOPLE WHILE IN THE PARK (ON A SCALE FROM 1 TO 5)?

3,59

3,36

3,29

3,10

3,15

3,20

3,25

3,30

3,35

3,40

3,45

3,50

3,55

3,60

3,65

BAMKP UPPC Green UPPC Concrete

SYMBOLIC CAPITAL: IS THIS PLACE IMPORTANT FOR THE IMAGE OF SINGAPORE?

Percentage of park users that think the place is important for the image of Singapore

98%

88% 90%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

BAMKP UPPC Green UPPC Concrete

RAMBOLL LIVEABLE CITIES LAB PROF. HERBERT DREISEITL BETTINA WANSCHURA NUßDORFER STRASSE 9 88662 ÜBERLINGEN GERMANY TEL +49 7551 30833-0 Liveable-cities@ramboll.com www.ramboll.com/lcl

N ATIONAL U NIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE PROF. NIRMAL KISHNANI PROF. TAN PUAY YOK GIOVANNI COSSU

CYNTHIA NG

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF T ECHNOLOGY PROF. JAMES WESCOAT KAREN

NOIVA

SMITA RAWOOT ALEX

MARKS

Z EPPELIN U NIVERSITÄT

H ARVARD U NIVERSITY

PROF. DR. MANFRED MOLDASCHL

PROF. DR. ECKHARD SCHRÖTER

MATTHIAS WÖRLEN

DR. JÖRG RÖBER

JOYCE KLEIN ROSENTHAL, PHD

LAYOUT, ILLUSTRATIONS AND GRAPHICS: GIOVANNI COSSU, NUS SINGAPORE

PARTNER UNIVERSITIES

THE CASE STUDY APPROACH

THE CASE STUDY APPROACH

THE CASE STUDY APPROACH

Copenhagen, cloudburst

THE CASE STUDY APPROACH: THE EXPANDED PROCESS MODEL

AGENTS WHO TAKE INITIATIVE FOR BGI- IMPLEMENTATION:

PERSONS/LEADERS, INSTITUTIONS AND OR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES THAT

GAVE RISE TO THE BGI INQUIRY (E.G., CRISIS, HAZARDS,

POLLUTION) TO UNDERSTAND MOTIVES,

TARGETS AND RESOURCES FOR BGI-IMPLEMENTATION

TECHNICAL TOOLS, LEGAL REGULATIONS, POLITICAL AND

SOCIAL AWARENESS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT THAT

HAD A SECONDARY EFFECT AS LEVER FOR BGI- IMPLEMENTATION

ANTI-BGI AGENTS/ INSTITUTIONS, DESIGN

STANDARDS OR POLICY PROGRAMS THAT WORK AGAINST

BGI

RESEARCH FINDINGS ON CAPITAL AND VALUES

WHAT IS THE ADDED VALUE OF BLUE-GREEN?

RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPLEMENT BGI

BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURES

STRUCTURAL CAPACITY

OPPORTUNITIES

BASIC CONDITIONS

INNOVATIVE FINANCING

SKILLS & KNOWLEDGE

CULTURAL CAPACITY

STRONG VISION & INNOVATION

RECOMMENDATIONS - STRONG VISION AND INNOVATION

A strong vision is the engine for change! •  Make efforts in public relations and convince about

benefits of BGI

•  Use visions of livability and prosperity to show the advantages of BGI (Green city vision, Biophilia, Sustainable Urban Design, Water Sensitive City)

•  All involved parties have to understand the importance

•  Showing the benefits of a BGI-projects in a bigger story has proven to be effective (contribution to other challenges, support win-win situations to modernize and upgrade the quality of a city)

•  Involvement of people from the neighborhood fosters public awareness and civic support

•  Identification with a spot elicits volunteerism and BGI advocacy

RECOMMENDATIONS – CULTURAL CAPACITY

Share problem perception and value patterns with involved actors (=the cultural fit)

•  Investing in a BGI-orientated collective mind-set takes a long breath, but in the end it pays for all

•  Shared professional socialization, similar educational or social backgrounds of decision makers lower costs of coordinating and cooperation

•  Commit ‘boundary spanners’

•  Invest in education for BGI

•  Create or support professional BGI-networks

•  Employ a participatory approach in public policy

Integrate ownership and strong leadership

•  Responsibility for BGI implementation often is vertically and/or horizontally fragmented

•  Designate a specific permanent BGI function to counteract fragmentation

•  Commit a skilful political entrepreneur with a strong voice to care about BGI-implementation

•  Put water agencies in charge for BGI and install a permanent BGI function

•  BGI projects are often highly reputational – use this argument to win strong supporters

RECOMMENDATIONS – STRUCTURAL CAPACITY

Overcome Silo Mentality

•  Share information and knowledge across departments

•  Promote policy integration and inter-agency coordination to ensure knowledge exchange

•  Support professionals who can transcend institutional boundaries

•  Support special interdisciplinary training programs and workshops, staff rotation and career programs

•  Support BGI-related professional networks and associations across departments

RECOMMENDATIONS – STRUCTURAL CAPACITY

MEASURING LIVEABILITY

THE ART OF INTEGRATION

Overcoming traditional silos Cooperation with teams about social,

physical and cultural targets

Create Partnerships •  Build effective collaborative working relationships

with external actors to enhance strategic capacity!

•  Establish networks with a specific BGI focus and regard them as resources irrespective of single projects

•  Push BGI-networking on an institutional level e.g. by platforms or clearing houses

RECOMMENDATIONS – STRUCTURAL CAPACITY

RECOMMENDATIONS – OPPORTUNITIES

Look for windows of opportunity to initiate BGI

Cities are in permanent adaptation process and renewal to cope with challenges. These changes are relevant “gateways” to implement BGI. Actual challenges are:

•  Water related health problems

•  Climate change and flood protection, and heat island effects

•  Biodiversity loss

•  Need for renovation or upgrading of old, grey infrastructure

To avoid old habits awareness and courage are needed. The comparative cost advantage of a newly build BGI instead of renovation is usually very significant.

„The risks are mounting. Climate change is warming our oceans, making extreme storms more likely, and rising seas are increasing the threat to coastal communities.“ (The New York Times – Oct 28th)

Bisgaard Landskab

Kapacitet i alt 7.600 m3 M3-pris ca. 6.850 DKK

RECOMMENDATIONS – SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

Build up an internal stock of knowledge

Integrating blue, green and social elements in the urban landscape requires experience, detailed expertise and the generalist’s ability to coordinate all parts of the complex implementation.

•  Use external expertise in an early stage (to develop guidelines, best practice examples and handbooks with recommendations and toolboxes)

•  Build up from there an internal stock of knowledge

•  Have support from interdisciplinary professionals who can transcend institutional boundaries to create a successful planning culture (see cultural capacity)

•  Asses the hydraulic and ecological risk in the final implementation plan

RECOMMENDATIONS – SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE Learning from pilot projects is decisive

Pilot projects shall be able to become paradigm examples with a high relevance to other cases

•  Execute experiments to deepen the understanding of opportunities and needs of BGI under local conditions

•  Serve as long-term references and are highly effective to realize a BGI planning culture

•  Unfold the long-term financial, social and ecological benefits

•  Important key officials and wider public can be convinced of the feasibility of BGI

•  Document all relevant steps and evaluate after the completion to demonstrate the performance

Risk: To be seen exceptional and not reachable under normal conditions

sØnæs

before

after

A traditional project underground would cost 102 mio. DKK This procreative project did cost in total 72 mio. DKK

From 75 users per day (it was a soccer field before) to 1500 users per day now the number of Visitors did increase 20 times !

Leadership

Financing

Management

Aesthetics

Acceptance

>> Convincing Argumentation

HOW TO IMPLEMENT?

THANK YOU

Prof. Herbert Dreiseitl, Liveable Cities Lab / Ramboll www.ramboll.com/LCL