Dental Pathology and Microbiology Unit 1 Classifications of Microorganisms
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- Dental Pathology and Microbiology Unit 1 Classifications of
Microorganisms
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- Unit 1 Definition: Microbiology Micro Bio Ology Oldest form of
life Most are Beneficial Only a few are harmful
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- Why do we study Microbiology? The world we live in.. People
live longer Diseases are now controlled Healthier Food Better
conditions Medical Advances Environmental advances
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- Microbiology & Medicine Science MUST be ready to face the
challenge Knowledge of transfer of microorganisms can reduce spread
of disease Knowledge of immunity can reduce disease Knowledge of
sterilization & disinfection procedures will reduce or prevent
spread of disease Not all microorganisms are harmful, some are even
helpful
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- Theory of Spontaneous Generation Mold on food Spoiled drinks
& spoiled food Theory was = caused by devil or curse of God
Seemed to be no physical cause Some scientists attempted to
disprove theory Catching diseases spread by contact with humans and
animals
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- Leeuwenhoek Dutch merchant & Amateur scientist Hobby of
grinding lenses to observe microbes Animalcules = small moving
objects Drew pictures and wrote volumes Early lenses led to early
microscopes Took scrapings from teeth to observe appearance
Referred to as Father of Microbiology
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- Pasteur Professor of chemistry in France Experimented with
heating liquid Process of pasteurization Process used for wine,
beer & Milk Food canning process Discovery labeled Germ Theory
of Disease proved that airborne bacteria was the cause of some
diseases
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- Golden Age of Microbiology Many new discoveries 1880-1910
Communication was limited Scientists and doctors in all countries
were working on theories Numerous causes of disease & death;
patients died in hospitals; women died in childbirth Physicians
wore street clothes in surgery
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- Holmes Physician in Boston Studied child bed fever in new
mothers Suggested nurses and physicians wash hands
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- Semmelweis Hungarian doctor Explored use of antiseptics with
washing Number of deaths were reduced Both Holmes & Semmelweis
were working on same experiments in different countries
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- Lister English Surgeon Set out to prove that wound infection
due to microbes Tried carbolic acid (PHENOL) Soaked surgical
dressings & instruments & tables Asked staff to use phenol
on hands after washing Established aseptic techniques
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- Koch German biologist & physican Proved specific bacteria
causes disease Developed rules 1. Organism must be present 2.
Organism must be isolated 3. Organism must produce disease in
another 4. Organism must be recovered
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- Miller American dentist & researcher Theory: connection
between bacteria, carbohydrates & tooth disease BACTERIA + FOOD
= Produce Acids Acids on teeth = cause decay (cavities)
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- Review Leeuwenhoek Pasteur Koch Lister Holmes - Semmelweis -
Miller -
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- Summer Fun
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- Normal Flora Resident microbial population of human body
Microorganisms live (reside) in and on body *Always present
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- Activities of Microbes Bacteria in soil converted to usable
nutrients Bacteria cultured to make vinegar, vitamins, antibiotics
Bacteria or fungi used to pickle cucumbers; Produce cultured dairy:
yogurt & sour cream Yeast makes bread dough & used in beer
production
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- GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS BACTERIA VIRUSES FUNGI Yeasts &
Molds PROTOZOA Bacteria & viruses are concern in dental office
Some fungi can cause dental problems
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- BACTERIA Small cells Divide by binary fission SHAPES: COCCI
BACILLI SPiRILLA VIBRIOS
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- Bacteria Grow in COLONIES Bacterial growth = increase in cell
numbers Cells divide by BINARY FISSION Division of cells occurs
every 20-30 minutes Some bacteria have ability to grow Some
bacteria do not survive
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- Growth Requirements of Bacteria Temperature Acidity Nutrients
Oxygen Metabolism Water
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- Bacteria Culturing Bacteria grow bacteria in laboratory
Nutrient base called medium Preventing growth changing requirements
Bacteriostatic Bacteriocidal
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- Infections/Diseases from bacteria TUBERCULOSIS DIPHTHERIA
PERTUSSIS TETANUS STREPTOCOCCAL Infections (caries) STAPHLOCOCCAL
Infections
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- FUNGI: Yeasts & Molds Larger than bacteria Disease:
Candidiasis (known as thrush) Found inside mouth Cannot be killed
with antibiotics Usually cause problems after use of too much
antibiotics
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- Candidiasis/Yeast/Thrush
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- Baby thrush
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- VIRUS Smaller than bacteria Have many shapes Cause disease by
changing cells Cannot be killed with antibiotics Some antiviral
drugs Best approach is immunization or Infection Control
Procedures
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- Viral Diseases Measles, Mumps, Rubella Poliomyelitis Chicken
Pox (Varicella) Common Cold Influenza Herpes Simplex Hepatitis
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- Shingles
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- VIRAL NO PPE??? Herpetic conjunctivitis- Herpes of eye Herpetic
Whitlow- Herpes on hand
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- Protozoa Rickettsiae Live in bloodstream, mouth & digestive
tract Contaminated drinking water Gum disease (Periodontal disease)
Parasites cannot live outside a host Diseases are Typhus &
Rocky mountain fever
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- THE END Grandpuppies