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““Design of Water Supply and Sewer Systems”Design of Water Supply and Sewer Systems”
• Teaching language: English• Main TopicsMain Topics
A. Design of Water Supply Systems
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution System (Drawing 1)
II. Dimensioning of the Water Supply Distribution System (Drawing 2)
III. Design of Water Tank (Drawing 3)
B. Design of Sewer Systems
V. Plan of the Sewer System (Drawing 4)
VI. Design Requirements and Dimensioning of the Sewer System
““Design of Water Supply and Sewer Systems”Design of Water Supply and Sewer Systems”
Advised LiteratureAdvised Literature
1. Arsov, R., Lecture Notes (Power Point slides), UACЕG, Sofia, 2003
2. Ignatova, Sl., Tutorial Notes (Power Point slides), UACG, Sofia, 2008
3. Бойчев, Ст., Ръководство за упражнения по водоснабдяване, Техника, 1981
4. Иванов, Сл., Калинков П., Рулев, Д., Ръководство по водоснабдителни мрежи и съоръжения, УАСГ, 1993, 2001
5. Иванов, Ив., др., Наръчник по водоснабдяване, Техника, 1982
6. Гиргинов, Т., Ръководство за проектиране по канализация, Техника, 1992
7. Кузуджийски, К., Ив. Иванов, Наръчник по канализация, Техника 1964, 1977
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.1 Water Demand of the Settlement
Elements of the Water Supply
System
1 - intake ( spring )2 - external pipelines3 - pump station4 - water tank
(service reservoir)5 - feeder6 - main branches7 - distribution
branches
Fig.1
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.1 Water Demand of the Settlement
Consumption of potable water in the settlement
A. Distributed consumers: Population Cattle Sheep and Goats
B. Localized consumers: Hospital Restaurant Factory:
- water for production technology - drinking water for the workers during the shift - water for taking shower after the shift
C. Water for fire extinguishing Possible burst of fire somewhere in the settlement.
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.1 Water Demand of the Settlement
Calculation of the water demand
Average daily demand of a consumer type
dmqN
Q dav3
, 1000
.
Maximum daily demand of a consumer type
dmQKQ davdd3
,,max
Maximum hourly demand of a consumer type
hmQKQK
Q havhdh
h3
,,max
,max .24
.
N is the number of consumers of a specific type
is the water consumption norm of the consumer
is the coefficient of daily variability of consumption
is the coefficient of hourly variability of consumption
Dimension of q:
[dm3/consumer.day] for 1,2,and 3[dm3/patient.day] for 4, [dm3/person.visit] for 5[dm3/worker.shift] for 6b and 6c.
Water for fire extinguishing requirements:
q
dK
hK
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.1 Water Demand of the Settlement
sdmQ f315
Table of settlement demand
№ Consumer
1 Population 180 1.45 1.65
2 Cattle 50 1.8 2.5
3 Goats, sheep 10 1.8 2.5
4 Hospital 180 1.45 2.45
5 Restaurant 25 1.0 1.0
6 Factory
6a technology 1.0 1.0
6b drinking 35 1.0 2.5
6c shower 50 1.0 -----
Settlement
hK hQ ,maxdK dQ ,maxdavQ ,
hm /3 dm /3 dm /3
N q
Additional Information
The water for technology production is given directly as a water flowrate.
The whole amount of water for taking shower is consumed in the first hour after the end of the shift.
The water amount for the restaurant and the workers is included in the norms of the population.
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.1 Water Demand of the Settlement
Water demand of the whole settlement
dmQQa
davdavset 3
6,4,3,2,1,,
dmQQQ dlossa
ddset 3
,6,4,3,2,1
max,,max Maximum daily demand (used for sizing of 1,2,3 and 4 – see Fig.1)
dmQQ davset
dloss3
,, 2.0
Maximum hourly demand (used for sizing of 5,6 and 7 – see Fig.1)
hmQQQ hlossa
hhset 3
,6,4,3,2,1
max,,max
hmQ
Qdav
set
hloss3,
, 24
2.0
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.1 Water Demand of the Settlement
Average daily demand
What is a Plan of the Distribution System?
It is a drawing (at a scale of 1:2000), made on the cadastral plan of the settlement, showing the route of the main and distribution branches of the water supply network with the desired direction of
water movement.
Basic requirements to the distribution system
Reachability of any consumer
Continuous supply of water in case of normal operation or in case of failure of some branches
Most economical solution
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.2 Plan of the Distribution System
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.2 Plan of the Distribution System
Main factors, influencing the preparation of the plan
The regulation plan of the settlement
The situation of the localized consumers
The relief of the area
The availability of natural and artificial obstacles
The location of the water sources
Plan of the Distribution System Plan of the Distribution System (Drawing 1)(Drawing 1)
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.2 Plan of the Distribution System
Contents of the Plan
The numeration of the quarters (in the center of the quarters)
The numeration of the crossroads (in the numerator)
The elevations of the crossroads (in the denominator, in m)
The main and distribution branches with the desired direction of flow
The length of the branches between the crossroads (in m)
The numeration of the branches (of the main branches in Roman numbers; of the distribution branches in Arabic numbers, according to the order of their origin from the mains)
The fire hydrants The stop valves
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.2 Plan of the Distribution System
Rules for drawing of the main branches
The direction of the water movement in the main branches must follow the general direction from the source to the settlement
The main branches must cover uniformly the area of the settlement
The main branches must have looped outline The number of main branches is determined according to
the requirement: the loops must be elongated following the general direction of water flow; the longer size of the loops must vary from 400 to 800 m, and the shorter one from 300 to 600 m
The main branches should be traced through the areas of the highest population density and pass just next to the localized consumers
When possible, they must be traced along the higher level streets
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.2 Plan of the Distribution System
Rules for drawing of the distribution branches
The distribution branches must form loops, just like the mains.
The direction of water movement in them must follow the general direction from the source to the settlement. Some exceptions are possible for meeting the requirement of the closest crossroads.
The branches must have minimal length; it means that the water must be supplied to each consumer from the nearest crossroads where the main branch passes.
No water should be returned from the distribution branches to the mains.
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.2 Plan of the Distribution System
Rules for situating of the fire hydrants
The fire hydrants have to be situated mainly on the distribution branches. Some exceptions are allowed for long distance sections of the main branches.
Maximum distance between two fire hydrants – 150 m (optimal distance 100 – 120 m).
Recommended position of the hydrants – close to the crossroads (to be easily found by the fire brigades in case of fire).
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.2 Plan of the Distribution System
Rules for situating of the stop valves
The valves operate at two positions: completely open and completely closed. Usually they are used to disconnect failed branches from the rest of the distribution system and allow for repairs.
Stop valves on the main branches:
At the entrance of the feeder in the settlement
At the points of main branches deviations
At a distance of 300 to 400 m from each other
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution SystemTopic I.2 Plan of the Distribution System
Stop valves on the distribution branches:
At all deviations from the main branches
Placed in such a way, that in case of fire a group of several distribution branches could be isolated, but in this group no more than five fire hydrants must be situated
Symbols, used for the branches and appurtenances
Branch
Stop Valve
Fire Hydrant
beg
inn
ing
end
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution System
Vocabulary of the Terms
appurtenance арматура
average daily demand среден денонощен разход
branch клон
cadastral plan кадастрален план
coefficient of daily variability of
consumption
коефициент на денонощна
неравномерност
coefficient of hourly variability of
consumption
коефициент на часова
неравномерност
design проект
dimensioning оразмеряване
distributed consumers разпръснати консуматори
distribution branch разпределителен клон
distribution system водопроводна мрежа
external pipeline външен водопровод
failure of a branch авария на клон
feeder главен водопровод
fire hydrant пожарен хидрант
flowrate водно количество
intake водовземане, каптаж
localized consumers концентрирани консуматори
loop пръстен
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution System
Vocabulary of the Terms
main branch главен клон
maximum daily demand максимален денонощен разход
maximum hourly demand максимален часов разход
normal operation нормална работа
plan of the distribution system идейно решение на
водопроводната мрежа
potable (drinking) water питейна вода
pump station помпена станция
repair of a branch отстраняване на авария на клон
sewer system канализационна система
sewerage канализация
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution System
Vocabulary of the Terms
spring извор
stop valve спирателен кран
wastewater treatment пречистване на отпадъчни води
water consumption norm водоснабдителна норма
water demand водопотребление (разход)
water for fire extinguishing противопожарен разход
water source водоизточник
water supply водоснабдяване
water supply system водоснабдителна система
water tank (service reservoir) изравнителен резервоар
water treatment пречистване на природни води
I. Water Demand and Plan of the Distribution System
Vocabulary of the Terms
Recommended