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Design Review Monday, January 19th, 2009
Customer: FSNM, contact: Debbie ConwayGuide: Brian Thorn
P09453
Project DescriptionProject Background:
Who: Fort Stanwix National Monument (FSNM) part of the National Park Service (NPS)Where: FSNM is situated in Rome, New York. What: The Fort consist of three primary energy use locations: the Willet Visitor Center, the Fort and a maintenance shed. In 2005 the addition of the Willett Center has dramatically added to FSNM’s energy consumption. Why: The Willett Center consumes far greater energy than original expectations, and currently accounts for 2/3rds of FSNM total energy cost. Align FSNM with the NPS green initiative
Problem Statement:
The overall objective of this project is to identify short and long-term opportunities to reduce energy consumption and energy costs at the Fort Stanwix National Monument, and implement a renewable energy demonstration-scale model.
Customer NeedsRational for Customer Needs based on:•Project readiness packet•December 2nd phone interview with FSNM – Debbie Conway•December 13th onsite visit with Debbie and Todd•Key statement: reduce current total cost of energy at FSNM to offset the impact of potential ‘green’ energy opportunities and conservation measures
Specifications – Traditional approach
Need #
Rank
Description Metric Units Marginal Value
Ideal Value
CN1 1 Reduce total cost of energy at FSNM
Reduction in total projected monthly energy costs considering implementation costs
US$ >$350
CN2 1 Recommendation of potential energy saving opportunities
# of Energy Conservation Measure opportunities
# > 5 options
CN3 1 Evaluate energy saving opportunities budget impacts
Economic implications of the energy saving opportunities – ROI, investment costs
TimeUS$
CN4 1 Understand current energy use
Perform an energy audit of FSNM focused on the Willett Visitor Center- Highest Energy Use System Cost
CN5 1 Evaluate current gas and electricity billing structure
Electricity - ∆ monthly $/kWGas - ∆ monthly $/Therm
$/kW$/Therm
< 30% < 10%
CN6 1 Investigate alternative ESCOs and billing structures
Electricity - %∆ monthly $/kWGas - %∆ monthly $/Therm
$/kW$/Therm
< 30% < 10%
CN7 2 Analyze impacts of a 'green' billing structure
Change in ($/kW*yearly consumption) vs. tax incentives/year
Project Specs – ExpectationsProject Specifications:•Attempted traditional approach, it was not inline with an energy audit, not a product
Defined specifications in terms of an energy auditProject specifications are the agreed upon
expectations of the total energy assessment process and outcome – ‘What is included and captured’
FSNM specifications are expectations regarding the explicit actions, information, analyses and results that the entire energy assessment project will containDefinition of the content in the final assessment report
Current Specification is posted on EDGE for review
Project Scope & ScheduleObjectives/Scope:•Conduct pre-assessment data collection •Perform on-site energy assessment•Develop energy savings opportunities•Review Current electricity billing structure•Indentify and evaluate alternative energy service companies (ESCOs)•Implement a pilot renewable demonstration-scale energy project
Goals for end of Winter Qtr:Complete ECM analysis with preliminary implementation plan Preliminary ‘What-if’ analysis – software driven
Goals for end of Spring Qtr:Sustainable/renewable energy project plan and model
completeTraining program completeAlternative ESCO optionsFinal report with categorized ECMs and implementation plan
Data Collected & ObtainedProvide an idea of how are analysis are
drivenDocuments available upon request
Document Comment2 years of energy bills: Willett Center, Fort, Shed
Gas vs. Electric
Floor plan for maintenance shed and Willett Center
Willett center zones and 2007 construction changes
Climate controlled conditions specifications
Systems schedule documentation
Operating hours for several systems Gathered from Trane Tracer system
Utility AnalysisStructure: Establish 1 year baseline year (September 2007 – September
2008) to evaluate disaggregate electric costs and natural gas production percentages.
Purpose: Understand the basic energy usage to identify major areas as
candidates for energy savings by establishing a benchmark. Evaluate the current baseline production versus space
heating/cooling to identify possible HVAC savings.
Willett CenterEnergy: $0.1401 /kWhDemand: $0.3849 /kW-month (average cost over 2 years)Gas: $1.2133 /therm
Main Fort and Maintenance BuildingEnergy: $0.1467/kWhDemand: $.3456 /kW-month (average cost over 2 years)Gas (Main Fort): $1.2549 /thermGas (Maintenance) : $1.2067 /therm
Rate Structure – Graphical Analysis (1 of 3)
Willett Center Gas Utility Dec 07 to Nov 08
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
$1,600
Dec
-07
Jan
-08
Feb
-08
Mar
-08
Ap
r-0
8
May
-08
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Sep
-08
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8 4005006007008009001000110012001300
Gas
MM
Btu
Willett Center Electricity Utility Dec 07 - Nov 08
$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500$3,000
$3,500
$4,000
$4,500
$5,000
Dec
-07
Jan-
08
Feb-
08
Mar
-08
Apr
-08
May
-08
Jun-
08
Jul-0
8
Aug
-08
Sep-
08
Oct
-08
Nov
-08
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Ener
gy k
Wh
Total Cost
Electricity Usage
Utility AnalysisBaseline – Willett Center
- Operating hours: open 362 days per year (3 holidays)- 7 days per week: 9 am – 5pm- 2007 construction changes- July Concert spike
Utility AnalysisBaseline – Willett Center
- System schedule: pull mfg specifications to determine greatest energy consumer- Disaggregate costs: Willett Center electricity:
- Energy: 58%- Demand: 42%
Baseline ResultsUse as bench mark for change comparison
and insight into ECM optionsMain focus areas for ECMs
Lighting usageHVAC systemsBuilding Efficiency
Building Envelope AnalysisData Sources• R-Values for the walls and ceilings were
found from the Utica Department of Codes
• R-Values for windows and doors will be estimated by the EnergySmart codes
• Dry Bulb Ambient Temperature Data is taken from TMY3 data for the Utica area.
– The coldest day of the year recorded by the TMY3 data is March 3rd, 2005.
– The outside temperature was -23 °C.
Envelope Description• The windows in the foyer are a large source of heat
loss in the building, and the space is conditioned to make visitors comfortable.
• Walls throughout the building should be built to modern construction codes.
• The walls dividing the two main zones in the center could potentially use more insulation to prevent leakage into the climate controlled archive area.
• The ceiling area crawlspace was very warm. This could make the ceiling insulation a viable way to save energy.
Calculations ambinside TTAUE
Tamb A B C & D E Tinside A – Outdoor siding
B – Paneling
C – Insulation
D – Wall Studs
E – Drywall
Calculations (working)
SurfaceR-Value U-Value
MaximumAnnual Energy
ft2 h °F/Btu m2 °C/W Btu/ft2 h °F W/m2 °CEnergy Loss
(kW/m2)
Loss (kW/m2)
Windows 2.86 0.50 0.35 1.99 87.27 227687Doors 2.86 0.50 0.35 1.99 87.27 227687Walls 21 3.70 0.048 0.27 11.87 30978Ceiling 49 8.63 0.020 0.12 5.09 13276
Inside Date of Time of Amb. Temp ofTemperature Max Max Max (°C)70.0 °F 3/3/2003 7:00:00 AM -22.821.1 °C
Calculations to be completed after next onsite visit 1/23
Lighting SystemThe buildings use a
range of different bulbs for different purposes.
Most rooms in Willett Center have occupancy sensors.
Displays have spotlight bulbs.
Lighting System
Most Common Bulbs:
4ft T8 bulbs are used in most of the back rooms, archives, and offices.
Efficient and long life
32 Watts
Best way to conserve energy is to keep lights off.
The buildings use a range of different bulbs for different purposes.
Most rooms in Willett Center have occupancy sensors.
Displays have spotlight bulbs.
Further Systems Analysis Still need to approximate operation times for
the lights in each room.
This will be estimated based on room function and building operational hours.
The number of lights in each room needs to be counted
Investigating the efficiency of HVAC system
Faced with climate controlled constraints
First Onsite VisitFirst site visit, Saturday 12/13
Refined customer needs, tour, pictures and data collection
Completed utilities bills database – current energy profile
Gathering energy consumption of current systems
Analyze building envelope
FSNM Energy Conservation ConceptsBroken into short and long term concepts
Short term: operation & maintenance approach, low cost replacements and or upgrades
Long term: retrofit through replacement, upgrade systems
Generated from site visit and current available data
Short term:Willett Center Concepts:
Reduce lighting system load during non-peak operation Adjust operational hours during non-peak operations Utilize window shades more efficiently for heating/cooling Use high efficiency light blubs where possible Repair duct leaks Adopt all energy star products
FSNM Energy Conservation ConceptsShort term continued:
Willett Center Improve door and window seals Implement tinted or reflective glass Adjust exhibit zone temperature range Install ceiling fans in exhibit section Insult attic space above exhibit area
Fort and Site-wide concepts: Employee training program Solar powered walk way lights Replace T12 with T8 lights Replace kitchen and auditorium equipment
Long term (ongoing concept generation, data, software driven):Replace AC units in FortInsulate attic space more efficiently in Willett CenterImplement heat pumps (renewable energy)
Implementation PlanAspects to include in implementation plan
Cost of new equipment, software, etcReturn on investment (ROI) & paybackSteps required to implement – construction?Difficulty of implementationTiming
Economic Analysis of each ECM, sustainable/green option will be conductedResearching software approach
Energy Service Company (ESCO) EvaluationStructure Breakdown of current client contract with National Grid. Evaluation of other ESCO services in Rome, NY by
developing a comparison chart based on a survey analysis.
Purpose Identify ways National Grid may be able to provide energy
savings or greener energy for Fort Stanwix. Develop energy savings plans as alternatives to FSNM
current service.Plan- Make contact with alternative ESCOs- Request data regarding billing structure- Compare alternatives against current service- Present findings: due to contract may be difficult to
opt out
Current Energy Service – National GridDisadvantages The Fort Stanwix contract with National Grid is
unlikely to be altered so energy savings may be hard here.
Advantages National Grid offers Energy Profiler Online™ (EPO)
which helps in the understanding of how electricity is used within the operation over time. Some aspects of the tool include:
Manage your energy consumption—identify what’s normal and abnormal usage
See the results of your energy efficiency and conservation efforts at each site
Shift your energy usage to lower-cost time periods and move dollars to your bottom line
Use the load data information as a guide for shopping wisely with power suppliers
National Grid also offers 4 suppliers of green energy in their GreenUp program.
Comparison of ESCOs – National Grid as an Example (1 of 2)
Questions
ESCO name National Grid
Costs
Price (in cents/kWh) including taxes of electricity?
$.14/kWh (Willett Center)
Does this price vary by month or day? month
Are there fees for service besides electricity?
yes
Is gas available as well? yes
Price for gas (in therms)? $1.2133/therm (Willett Center)
Contract Terms **These terms can only be discussed with the customer and are not available through National Grid to the public.
How long will this price remain in effect? Or how long will the electric service contract be effective?
nondisclosed**
Do additional contract terms apply? nondisclosed**
What are the responsibilities of the customer?
nondisclosed**
Comparison of ESCOs – National Grid as an Example (2 of 2)
Special Needs/ Energy Conservation
Do you offer ways to help the customer save energy or use energy more efficiently?
yes, Energy Profiler Online (EPO) - additional $50/mo
Is a form of green energy available or how is your company "green"?
yes, GreenUp option - 4 green energy providers available
Environmental
What types of power plants does your company use?
natural gas, hydroelectric
Billing
Will there be separate bills or one bill for energy and delivery?
same bill
Is budget billing available? (not really needed for Ft. Stanwix)
n/a
Energy Audit SoftwareRational: Way to analyze baseline buildings Evaluate impacts of various ECMs Play ‘What if’ analyses for each ECM HAVC and building envelope analysis was critical
selection criteria Used government sponsored database:http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tools_directory/subjects.cfm/pagename=subjects/pagename_menu=whole_building_analysis/pagename_submenu=energy_simulation
Software SelectionGood HVAC Modelling
Moisture Control Option
Lighting Module
Daylight Option
Solar Implementation
Within Budget Comments
AkWarm
BSim Program Suite. Vague lighting module
DesignBuilder
EA-QUIP Retrofit by answering questions
EZ Sim Bill Auditing
HOT2000 No room-by-room HVAC modelling
IDA Indoor climate Energy For HVAC designers
ParaSol No HVAC input
Pvcad Special for PV system implementation. (German)
RL5M No solar system. Error check!
Room Air Conditioner Cost Estimator Web-based + cost estimation
SolarShoeBox
SUNREL
TRNSYS
EN4M Energy in Commercial Buildings Economic analysis
Software ChoiceMost comprehensive
programSomewhat expensiveTalk with Margaret
BaileyFuture Institute’s useBetter alternatives
BSimSimView
For editing the geometry, materials and installationsTsbi5
Control of the indoor climate, thermal and moistureXsun
Sunlight and shadowsSimLight
Dailight calculations (use of artificial light)BV98
Danish regulationsSimDXF
Import CAD drawingsSimDB
Database with construction materialsSimPV
Calculate electrical yield from solar panels
Infrared ImagingDr. Joe Pow
Needs faculty/staff to get the camera
Used for distance sensing in aircrafts
Used to detect air leaks during an energy audit
Risk AssessmentSoftware order delaysSoftware learning curveFeasibility of ECM implementation – FSNM
fundingSustainable energy option – codes, lawProximity to FSNMValidity of assumptionsAbility to capture and quantify energy
consumption without ‘professional equipment’
FSNM ‘Concept’ Generation2 project components have concept generation needs:
Energy conservation measures (ECMs) applicable to FSNMPilot renewable energy scale-project
At this point, only high level renewable energy conceptsAdditional research and project components required
Renewable energy concepts for further evaluation: Solar Power Wind Power Geothermal Power Biomass
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