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DESN 100: Week 4. Brief Overview of Industrial piping Structural drafting Civil drafting HVAC Electrical Schematics. Industrial Process Piping. Definitions. Piping Any kind of conduit used in a wide range of applications Plumbing - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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DESN 100: Week 4
Brief Overview of • Industrial piping• Structural drafting• Civil drafting• HVAC
• Electrical Schematics
Industrial Process Piping
Definitions
• Piping– Any kind of conduit used in a wide range of
applications• Plumbing– Small diameter pipes that carry liquids, solids, or
gases• Water• Natural gas• Waste
Definitions
• Process piping– Transport of fluids between storage tanks and
process equipment• Transportation piping– Carry products hundreds of miles• Petroleum products• Gases• Coal slurries
Definitions
• Pipe drafting– Visualization of pipes and fittings in various
orthographic and pictorial views• Double line• Single line
– Most visualization problems for beginners• Isometric• Flow diagram
– Schematic, non-scale diagram of system layout
Double- and Single-Line Drawings
Definitions
• Piping drawing– Most complex• Scale drawing• Provides several views
– Plan– Elevation– Section
• All equipment, dimensions, and notes shown• Drawn from flow diagrams, manufacturer
specifications, and mechanical drawings
Definitions
• Piping isometric– Pictorial drawing– Illustrates pipe run in three dimensions– Information from piping drawings
• Spool drawing– Drawn orthographically– Shows all pipe and fittings used to assemble a
segment– Usually non-scale
Structural engineering
– Associated with commercial steel and concrete buildings
– Engineer components of a building or structure• Skyscrapers• Bridges
Definitions
• Structural drafting– Independent of or cross-referenced to other
drawings• Architectural• Plumbing• HVAC
Civil Drafting
• Graticules– Two sets of grid lines• Latitude
– Lines that divide the earth horizontally– Parallels
• Longitude– Lines that divide the earth vertically– Meridians
Definitions
• Prime meridian– Zero line of longitude– Runs through Greenland
• Local meridians– All other meridian lines
Definitions
• Degrees– Divided into components• Degrees• Minutes (60 minutes = 1 degree)• Seconds (60 seconds = 1 minute)• E.g., 124° 45' 12“• Conversion to decimal degrees
– 124 + (45/60) + (12/3600)
Definitions
• Great circle– Direction around earth from a given point in
relation to the latitude and longitude coordinates• Azimuth– Angle • Moving clockwise• Between meridian at the starting point and the great
circle
Azimuth
Property Descriptions
Metes and Bounds
• Length– Mete
• Bearing– Bound
• Primary form of legal description– 19 states, including 13 original colonies
Metes and Bounds
Rectangular System
• Used in public-land states• Meridians named separately– E,g, First principal meridian• Western boundary of Ohio
• Parallels are all named the same– Baseline
Rectangular System
• Townships– Six-mile square blocks– Arranged in columns (ranges)– Divided into 36 squares (sections)• One square mile• Divided into fourths (quarters)
– Divided into fourths (quarter-quarter sections)
• Land description– Begins with smallest portion
Rectangular System
Lot and Block
• Established from either of two other systems– Rectangular– Metes and bounds
• Subdivision – Given a name– Divided into lots
HVAC
HVAC
• Purpose– To provide air movement or exchange within a
structure• Also known as “mechanical systems”• Residential structures– Do not require plans unless complex
• Commercial structures– Use floor plan as overlap to begin mechanical
systems drawings
HVAC Systems
• Central forced-air systems– Most common for climate heating and air
conditioning• Thermostat starts cycle• Fan forces air into ducts• Ducts connect to diffusers, or air supply registers• Cycle begins again
Central Forced-Air System
HVAC Systems
• Refrigeration– Most common type of cooling system– Components• Evaporator / Cooling coil• Air pump / Compressor• Condenser• Expansion valve
HVAC Systems
• Hot water system– Water circulated through radiators or convectors– Circulator moves water through system– Water kept at temperature between 150 and 180
degrees F.
HVAC Systems
• Zoned control system– Allows for one or more heaters and one
thermostat per room– Flexible
• Radiant heat– Control surface temperatures– Minimize excessive air movement– Piping or wiring in ceiling or floor
HVAC Systems
• Heat pump– Forced-air central heating and cooling– Uses compressor and circulating liquid gas
refrigerant– Heat extracted from outside air and pumped
inside– Acts as a dehumidifier when cooling
Heat Pump
Pollutants
• Influence choice of ventilation• Types– Moisture– Carbon monoxide– Airborne pathogens– Tobacco smoke– Formaldehyde– Radon– Common household products
Electrical and Electronic Schematic Drafting
Pictorial
• Represent circuit in three dimensions• Realistic• Easy to understand• Uses– Catalogs– Brochures– Service manuals– Assembly drawings
Pictorial
Schematic
• Series of lines and symbols– Electrical current path– Circuit components
• Types– Block– Wiring– Schematic wiring
Schematic
Block Diagram
• Simplified version of schematic• Minimum detail of component• No connections at individual terminals
Block Diagram
Wiring Diagram
• Shows all interconnections of system components
• Referred to as point-to-point interconnecting wiring diagrams
• More detailed than schematic
Wiring Diagram
Schematic Wiring Diagram
• Simplicity of schematic• Completeness of wiring diagram– Circuit is series of lines and symbols• Electrical current path• Circuit components
– Connection terminals shown
Schematic Wiring Diagram
Highway Wiring Diagram
• Representation of point-to-point interconnecting wiring– Simplified and condensed
• Uses– Fabrication– Quality control– Troubleshooting
Highway Wiring Diagram
Cable Diagram
• Associated with multiconductor system• Also known as cable harness diagrams• Provide – Circuit destination– Number of leads– Conductor type– Power rating
Cable Diagram
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