View
1
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
►Sensorimotor
►Preoperational
►Concrete Operational
►Formal Operational
Piaget hypothesized that children progress through four stages of cognitive development, each building on the previous one.
Sensorimotor Stage
►The Sensorimotor Stage is from approximately birth to 2 years of age.
►Babies take in the world purely through their senses- looking, hearing, touching, mouthing and grasping.
They are learning to sense,They are learning to move.
Sensorimotor Stage
►At 4 to 8 months of age, your child will learn that she can make things move by banging them and shaking them. (Example--shaking a rattle, banging on toys, banging on tray of high chair)
Stranger Anxiety
►The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.
Stranger Anxiety
Object Permanence• THE major cognitive ability gained at this stage.
• Definition - objects that are out of sight still exist.
• Before Object Permanence- what is out of sight, is gone from the universe forever.
• Children younger than 6 months of age do not grasp object permanence
A baby with no object permanence
3/9/2016
1. Which reflex probably helps prevent falling?a. Morob. Rootingc. Palmard. Sucking
2. A child and her father are walking. The child knows there are such things as birds but has never seen a bluebird before. Upon seeing one, she says, "See the birdie," and her father replies, "Yes, that's a bluebird." This example demonstrates
a. assimilationb. accommodationc. habituationd. Implicit memory
3. Eliska is 9 months old. One of her favorite games is peek-a-boo, and recently she has begun to pry at her mother's fingers when Mother covers her face. Eliska has developed _______________.
4. The fetal period begins at which week of pre-natal development? #_______
Preoperational Stage
►The Preoperational Stage is from approximately 2 to 7 years of age.
► A mix of impressive cognitive acquisitions and equally impressive limitations.
A notable acquisition is symbolic representation, the use of one object to stand for another, which makes a variety of new behaviors possible
“Pretend you are brushing your teeth”
- Use finger to stand-in for a toothbrush. (3-4)
- Hold a pretend toothbrush (5-6)
Preoperational Stage►LIMITATION:
►Children in the preoperational stage are egocentric (the inability to take on another’s point of view).
“Do you have a brother?“Yes.”“What’s his name?”“Jim”“Does Jim have a brother?”“No.”
Egocentrism
Theory of Mind: The ability to consider their own and others’ mental states and processes.
Autism: This is absent in many autistic children. (when asked where Sally will look when she returns to the room, autistic children will say in the blue cupboard.)
Preoperational StageLIMITATION: 2 - 4ACQUISITION: 4 +
Theory of Mind
Preoperational StageLIMITATION:
Centration - the tendency to focus on a single, perceptually striking feature of an object or event.
►Leads to an inability to understand the concept of conservation.
Concrete Operational Stage►7-11 years old
►Understand concept of conservation.
►Can think logically, use analogies, and perform mathematical transformations (5+9 is the same as 9+5) also known as reversibility.
►Can classify objects based on certain properties
►Lacks abstract thought
Piaget Stage 3: Concrete Operational (7 – 12 yrs)
Children learn how various actions or “operations” can affect or transform “concrete” objects
Conservation - the ability to understand that a quantity is conserved (does not change) even when it is arranged in a different shape.
Which glass contains more?
19
Procedures Used to Test ConservationThe idea that merely changing the appearance of objects does not
change their key properties
© 2009 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
More Conservation Tasks
Formal Operational Stage
►What way do you best learn? (metacognition)
►What would happen if people stopped having children?
► If you had a third eye, where would you put it?
► 11-15 years old
►Abstract reasoning
►Manipulate objects in our minds without seeing them (no need for “symbols”)
►Hypothesis testing
►Trial and Error
►Not every adult gets to this stage
Recommended