Development of a Human Being Part II. Development of a Human Being

1ST MONTH ¼th inch,1/1000th oz. heart, lungs & spinal cord are forming.

Heart beats on the 25th day.

4 WEEK EMBRYO

5 WEEK EMBRYO

2ND MONTH1/30th oz, 1 to 1 &1/2 inches, limbs, eyes, milk teeth, major divisions of the brain, skin, all organs developing.

3RD MONTH1 oz and 3 inches in length, fingers, toes, open & close mouth,

heart fully formed, movement can be felt, called a fetus

4TH MONTH6 oz, 4 inches, lanugo (fine hair) forms over the body,

swallowing and sucking reflexes,

sex is identifiable, grab with hands.

5TH MONTH1 lb, 8 to10 inches, nails, scalp hair, heart beat can be heard with a stethoscope,

skin is translucent.

6TH MONTH12 inches, 2 lbs, kicks, finger prints & foot prints, covered with vernix, mother can feel the fetus move freely.

7TH MONTH3 lbs, 14 to 16 inches, fat layer forms, hiccup, cry, and suck thumb, eyes are open, surfactant is produced to prepare the lungs to breathe at birth.

8TH MONTH18 inches, 5 lbs, extensive brain growth, hair, kidneys are mature. All internal organs are finishing development.

9TH MONTH18 to 22 inches, 6 to 9 lbs, lungs are mature, internal organs have developed enough to function on their own,

very little amnion fluid, maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus to fight disease and infection.

1ST MONTHno weight gain, menstrual cycle stops, placenta produces HCG, breasts become tender and may swell, morning sickness – digestive system slows

down, hormones change, good to exercise, stop drinking alcohol,

smoking and taking drugs. Check with her doctor for common

ailments and medications.

2ND MONTH

little weight gain, urinates more frequently, same as 1st month

3RD MONTHWeight gain 2 to 3 lbs, increase of blood volume 30% to 40%.

4TH MONTHWeight gain: 3 to 4 lbs, total 5 to 7 lbs, increase vaginal fluids, itchiness

5TH MONTHWeight gain: 3 to 4 lbs, total 8 to 11 lbsColostrum – produced to prepare for

nursing,

6TH MONTH

Weight gain: 3 to 4 lbs, total 11 to 15 lbs

nipples darken as blood vessels come closer to the surface of the skin

increased blood pressure & nose bleeds

stretch marks.

7TH MONTH

Weight gain: 3 to 4 lbs, total 14 to 19 lbs

may feel fetal respiration – hiccups muscle cramps – legs, heart burn

and indigestion.

8TH MONTH

Weight gain: 3 to 5 lbs, total 17 to 24 lbs

water retention, constipation, & hemorrhoids.

Naval sticks out.

9TH MONTH

Weight gain: 3 to 6 lbs, total 20 to 30 lbs

urinates frequentlymuscle fatigue, Pituitary Gland produces oxytocin that starts the uterine contractions.

1ST STAGE

Phase 1 – effacement contractions start. Time can vary.

Approximately an hour apart and gradually quicken. The cervix flattens out.

Water breaks – amnion sac breaks & cervical plug comes out.

Phase 2 – dilation the cervix is stretched apart 8-10 centimeters

2ND STAGE - BIRTHForceful contractions, 2-3 minutes

apartEpisiotomy – incision made from

vagina towards anus to enlarge opening for baby

Baby is being born

BIRTH

3RD STAGE – AFTER BIRTH

Labor begins again and the remains of amnion, umbilical cord & placenta are forced out of body

Stitch mother up

AFTER BIRTH

Conditions that have aided birth

processThe vagina (birth canal) is extremely

elastic.Ligaments (connects bone to bone) in the

mothers pelvis soften.The bones in the babies head have not

fully fused together and compress slightlyThe baby breathes through the umbilical

cord until it is born.

Cutting the cordNasal and throat passages are cleared once the head has cleared the mothers body and start the breathing process.

At Birth:Give baby physical (APGAR Test) Check:

color, respiration, heart rate, etc.Clean baby and give to the mother and

fatherTake footprints – 3 copies: permanent

records, hospital and home copyPlace medicine in eyes and on body to

prevent infection during child birthPlaced in recovery room to monitor pulse,

temp, HR, respirationWeigh and measure

Baby:Put in nurseryAt first the baby will loose weight – must rely on its

own organs for nourishment and eliminate waste.I will take 6 to 8 weeks for the mothers uterus and

menstrual cycle to return to normal.Crying is its’ most important way of

communication: there are different types of cries: hungry, hurt, TLC, etc.

The sex organs my be swollen when a baby boy is first born

Eyes may change color over time

HEAD FIRST BIRTH (CEPHALIC PRESENTATION)

Normal face down birth, umbilical cord goes past the hips and legs.

SPONTANEOUS ABORTION (miscarriage)The fetus is forced out of the mothers body

before it is developed enough to survive.Up to 50% of the zygotes do not become

implanted into the uterusMany different reasons: drugs, genetics,

previou miscarriages, accident, placenta detaches or umbilical cord collapse, disease, etc.

1 out of 6 couples have trouble with pregnany.

Premature BirthBorn before full termOften multiples

STILL BIRTHBaby is delivered deadReasons: genetics, oxygen cut off,

disease, drugs, etc.

BREECH BIRTHFeet first or buttocks first birth – the

head comes out lastProblems could be if there is not

enough room & it could get stuckBlood supply in the umbilical cord

may become cut off or it may become wrapped around the neck or twisted

CAESARIANThe fetus is surgically removed from

wombDoctor make a 4 to 6 inch surgical

cut through the skin, abdomen and uterine wall

It take about 5 to 10 minutes for the baby to be born and 20 minutes to an hour to stitch her back up again.

It is major surgery and has a higher risk of infection and complications.

Reasons for a C-Section:Baby is to big or pelvic girdle too

smallBaby is breechMother is sickMother has disease (AIDS, herpes –

30% increase, etc)Long – tough laborAddiction to drugsMother has an accident

FRATERNAL TWINS

Each has own amniotic sac, umbilical cord, placenta2 eggs and 2 sperm cells – have different genetic material

IDENTICAL TWINS

1 egg & 1 sperm cleaves and separates forming 2 identical zygotesMust be the same sex, genes, everything physical is the sameEach has its’ own umbilical cord, amniotic sac, may or may not be shared

FRATERNAL TRIPLETS3 eggs fertilized by 3 different spermEach has its won amnion, umbilical cord and

placentaEach have its own genetic material

Combination Triplet

2 eggs, 2 sperm,1 zygote develops normallyThe other zygote forms and identical

twin2 must look alike, the other is a

fraternal zygote

MULTIPLES

2 Identical and 2 Fraternal

IDENTICAL TRIPLETS

1 egg cell, 1 sperm cellDuring cell division it separates

forming an identical twinOne of those zygotes develops

normally and the other separates again

Each has its own umbilical cord and amniotic sac

Must look alike

SIAMESE TWINS(Conjoined Twins) Share common body

part

Amniocentesis4 tablespoons of amniotic fluid is

drawn to check for chromosomal abnormalities, metabolic disorders & defects (genetic diseases) 6th to 10th week.

Used with ultrasound – check the position of fetus

Sonogram(Ultrasound) uses sound waves to

determine size and position of fetus

Chorionic Villi Sampling (CVS)8 weeksIs a early test to reveal chromosomal abnormalities.

A small amount of chorionic tissue in the placenta is removed and grown in a lab and analyzed

Ectopic PregnancyImplantation of a fertilized egg in the

fallopian tubesMedical emergency – death of

mother (hemorrhage)

LamazeMost common taughtControlled breathing techniques to

cope with laborNatural child birthDrug / Substance Free

The Bradley MethodNatural Child BirthDrug / Substance FreeTuning into own body

AlcoholFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)Physical, mental and behavior

abnormalities

TobaccoPremature or low birth weightMothers more likely to have

miscarriage or stillbirthsDangers because of second hand

smoke

Caffeinerisk of birth defects and other

problems

STD’spassed to fetus 20% to 30% of time

Blood during labor – episiotomy/ c-section

Treatment to reduce risk

HIV - all mothers are tested along with doctor’s pregnancy test

Radiationdirect exposure can result in deformityDental x-rays not to worry Other – use radiation shield

Breastfeeding Benefits – Baby

Gastrointestinal problems, respiratory problems, ear infections, protect from Developing Allergies, boost intelligenceMay protect against obesity, Leukemia, type I diabetes, High Blood Pressure, SIDS, osteoporosis

Benefits to the Mother

NO sterilizing bottles, formula to buy or mixNursing burns calories – mother looses weight

soonerStimulates uterus to contact to original sizeEncourages mother to restLow Cost