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Development of Spatial Allocation Factors for the SCOS97 Domain
Prepared by:Tami H. Funk
Lyle R. ChinkinSonoma Technology, Inc.
Petaluma, CA
Under contract to:California Air Resources Board
Paul Allen, Project Manager
SCOS97-NARSTO DATA ANALYSIS CONFERENCE February 14, 2001
STI-2053
2
Overview
• Introduction
• Acquisition of surrogate data
• New approach to developing surrogates
• Development of spatial allocation factors
• Display and discussion of gridded spatial allocation factors
3
Introduction
• Spatial allocation factors are used to geographically distribute county total emissions over a gridded domain.
• Spatial allocation factors are developed using spatial surrogate data:
– Demographic and socioeconomic data• population, housing, employment
– Land cover and land use data• lakes, railroads, roadways, agriculture
– Facility location data• dry cleaners, gas stations, airports, military bases
4
Acquisition of Surrogate Data (1 of 2)
• Demographic and socioeconomic data
– Demographic and socioeconomic data from local transportation planning agencies and Caltrans for 1997, 2005, 2010, and 2020
• Land cover and land use data
– USGS, ESRI/MapInfo TIGER files (e.g., railroads, lakes)
– Road networks from DTIM inputs
5
Acquisition of Surrogate Data (2 of 2)
• Facility location data
– Area source facility locations from the Electronic Yellow Pages
– Oil well locations from California Department of Oil and Gas.
– Bulk plant locations from CEIDARS.
• New calculated surrogates
– Based on demographic and socioeconomic data
6
List of Spatial Allocation Factors (1 of 4)
Demographic and Socioeconomic Surrogates• Total population
• Total employment
• Non-retail employment
• Other employment
• Retail employment
• Retail & other employment
• Basic employment
• Total housing
• Multiple-dwelling units and retail employment
• Group quarters/retail employment
• Proportional to construction, population, and employment densities
• Proportional to housing density and total employment
• Single-dwelling units
7
List of Spatial Allocation Factors (2 of 4)
Land Cover and Land Use Surrogates• Agricultural land cover
• Agricultural land cover - cropland
• Agricultural land cover - feedlot
• Coastline distributions
• National forest >5000 feet
• Rural land cover - forest
• Rural land cover - range land
• Rural land cover
• Roadway density
• VMT - collectors
• VMT - freeways
• VMT - local streets
• VMT - major streets
• VMT
• Railroad length
• Rail yards
• Lakes, reservoirs, and coastline
8
List of Spatial Allocation Factors (3 of 4)
Facility Location Surrogates• Commercial airports
• Non-commercial airports
• Military bases
• Oil wells
• Harbors
• Autobody & repair shops
• Restaurants & bakeries
• Dry cleaners
• Golf courses
• Schools, parks, and hospitals
• Service stations
• Wineries
9
List of Spatial Allocation Factors (4 of 4)
Calculated Surrogates• Total housing and total employment/area per person
• Proportional to % maintenance construction and housing densities
• Proportional to % maintenance construction and non-retail densities
• Proportional to % maintenance construction and retail densities
• Proportional to % maintenance construction and basic employment density
• Proportional to % maintenance construction and residential population density
• Proportional to % maintenance construction and other employment density
10
Development of Spatial Allocation Factors
• Use Geographical Information Software (GIS) to spatially disaggregate geographical data into 2-km grid cells using overlay functions.
• Calculate the spatial allocation factor (SAF):
SAF = (grid cell value / county total)
11
Polygon
Point
Line
Grid Overlay
area/grid cell
number/grid cell
length/grid cell
12
Example Calculation: Population
Pop. of TAZ = 5,000
Total County Pop. = 50,000
Pop. of Grid Cell (x) = 500
SAF = Population of Grid Cell / Population of County = 500 / 50,000 = 0.01 1% of the county total population resides in grid cell (x)
X
13
Spatial Allocation Factor - 1997 Population
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Spatial Allocation Factor - 2020 Population
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New Approach - Calculated Surrogates
• Use demographic and socioeconomic data to develop calculated surrogates.
Example: Residential construction emissions
1997
TAZ
Existing Structures
2020
New Structures
Surrogate = [(No. structures 1997)*(0.30)] + (No. structures 2020 - No. structures 1997)
Assuming 30% expenditure on repair and maintenance(U.S. Census Bureau, 1998)
(Existing Structures) (New Structures)
16
Calculated SurrogatesResidential Construction (1997)
Lancaster
Palmdale
Santa Clarita
Glendora
Los Angeles
Long Beach
Los Angeles - 19970.00001 - 0.0000120.000012 - 0.000360.00036 - 0.000870.00087 - 0.00205
City BoundariesCounty Boundaries
30 0 30 60 Miles
N
EW
S
17
Calculated SurrogatesResidential Construction (2020)
Lancaster
Palmdale
Santa Clarita
Glendora
Los Angeles
Long Beach
Los Angeles - 20200.00001 - 0.0000120.000012 - 0.000360.00036 - 0.000870.00087 - 0.00205
City BoundariesCounty Boundaries
30 0 30 60 Miles
N
EW
S
18
Calculated SurrogatesResidential Construction 1997 and 2020
Lancaster
Palmdale
Santa Clarita
Glendora
Los Angeles
Long Beach
Los Angeles - 20200.00001 - 0.0000120.000012 - 0.000360.00036 - 0.000870.00087 - 0.00205
Los Angeles - 19970.00001 - 0.0000120.000012 - 0.000360.00036 - 0.000870.00087 - 0.00205
City BoundariesCounty Boundaries
30 0 30 60 Miles
N
EW
S
19
Summary
• Approximately 50 different gridded spatial allocation factors were developed for 1997, 2005, 2010, and 2020 at a 2-km grid resolution.
• New and improved geographical data are rapidly becoming available with the widespread use of GIS technology.
20
Summary
• New methodologies were used to better characterize “real-world” spatial emissions patterns and densities.
• All surrogates can be viewed at: http://www.arb.ca.gov/eos/scos97/gei.html
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