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ÂýSÌæßÙæ
ã×Ùð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ ÂýçÌØô»è Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ŠØæÙ ×ð´ ÚU¹·¤ÚU ÕÙæØæ ãñÐ çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ÚUæCþèØ °ß´ ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ ¿ØÙ ·¤ÚU
'PERFECT 7' ×ð´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ °ß´ ¹ÕÚUô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ç·¤Øæ ÁæÌæ ãñÐ §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ̉Ø, Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ °ß´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü »ýæçÈ €Uâ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â´·¤ËÂÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ 'PERFECT 7' ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° Ò»æ»ÚU ×ð´ âæ»ÚUÓ âæçÕÌ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ·¤ÚUÌð â×Ø ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ Âÿæ, çßÂÿæ, çßàæðáÌæ¥ô´ ÌÍæ ©Ùâð ÖæÚUÌ °ß´ çßàß ÂÚU ÂǸÙð ßæÜð ÂýÖæßô´ ·¤è â×èÿææ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ, Ìæç·¤ Àæ˜æ ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ ÕæÚUð ×ð´ °·¤ â×Ûæ çß·¤çâÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´Ð 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¹ÕÚUô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæØè ÁæÌè ãñÐ §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ̉Øô´ °ß´ Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° ã× ¥ÂÙð Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ¥çÌçÚU€Ì ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÌð ãñ´Ð §â·¤æ ×éØ ©Î÷ÎðàØ çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ âÖè ÂãÜé¥ô´ ·¤ô â×æçãÌ ·¤ÚUÙæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° â×âæ×çØ·¤ çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè â´ÿæð ×ð´ °ß´ ¥æ·¤áü·¤ M¤Â ×ð´ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ çÁââð ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ mæÚUæ §âð âÚUÜÌæ âð ¥æˆ×âæÌ ç·¤Øæ Áæ â·Ô¤Ð §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° SßØ´ ·¤æ ×êËØæ´·¤Ù ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ âãæØÌæ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ ¥‹Ø Âç˜æ·¤æ¥ô´ ·¤è Öæ´çÌ ã× Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ·Ô¤ßÜ âÌãè ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÙð ×ð´ çßàßæâ Ùãè´ ÚU¹Ìð ÕçË·¤ âæÚU»çÖüÌ ÕãéÂÿæèØ ¥õÚU ˜æéçÅUÚUçãÌ ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÙð ·¤æ ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ ·¤ÚUÌð ãñ´ çÁââð çâçßÜ âðßæ ×ð´ ã×æÚUð Àæ˜æ âÈ ÜÌæ ¥çÁüÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´, €UØô´ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤è âÈ ÜÌæ ãè ã×æÚUè Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤è ·¤âõÅUè ãñÐ ã×Ùð ¥ÂÙð ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ °ß´ ÂçÚUŸæ× ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô ÒÂÚUÈÔ¤€UÅUÓ ÕÙæÙð ·¤æ ·¤æØü ç·¤Øæ ãñ, çÈ ÚU Öè ØçÎ ·¤ô§ü ˜æéçÅU ÚUã »Øè ãô Ìô ©âð âéÏæÚUÙð ×ð´ ¥æ·Ԥ âéÛææß âæÎÚU ¥æ×´ç˜æÌ ãñ´Ð
ÁèÌ çâ´ãâÂæη¤, ŠØðØ IAS
â´ƒæ Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô» ß ¥‹Ø ÚUæ’Ø Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô»ô´ mæÚUæ ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ ß ×éØ ÂÚUèÿææ ×ð´ çß»Ì ·é À ßáô´ü âð ÚUæCþèØ ß ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ âð â´Õ´çÏÌ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤è â´Øæ ×ð´ ÕɸôžæÚUè
ãé§ü ãñÐ §â·¤è ÂéçC çß»Ì ßáô´ü ×ð´ â´Â‹Ù ãé§ü ÂÚUèÿææ¥ô´ ·Ô¤ Âýà٠˜æ âð ·¤è Áæ â·¤Ìè ãñÐ §âçÜ° ã×Ùð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ °ß´ ¹ÕÚUô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ç·¤Øæ ãñ, Áô ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° ¥ˆØ´Ì ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ãñ´Ð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ Ù ·Ô¤ßÜ ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ ß ×éØ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° ©ÂØô»è ãñ, ÕçË·¤ Øã âæÿæ户¤æÚU ·Ô¤ çÜ° Öè ¥ˆØ´Ì ©ÂØô»è ãñÐ §â×ð´ â×âæ×çØ·¤ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ ·¤ô ÕðãÎ ÚUô¿·¤ É´» âð ÌæçÜ·¤æ,Üô¿æÅUü °ß´ 翘æô´ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â×ÛææØæ »Øæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤ô â´·¤çÜÌ ·¤ÚUÌð â×Ø ã×æÚUæ ÂýØæâ Ù ·Ô¤ßÜ ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ âÖè ÂãÜé¥ô´ ¥ÍæüÌ÷ °·¤ SÂC çßàÜðá‡ææˆ×·¤ âæ´¿ð ×ð´ ÉæÜÙð ·¤æ ÚUãæ ãñ ÕçË·¤ °ðâð ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤æ §â×ð´ çßSÌëÌ çßßð¿Ù Öè ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñ, çÁÙ·¤æ ¥‹Ø â×âæ×çØ·¤ Âç˜æ·¤æ¥ô´ ×ð´ çÁ·ý Ì·¤ Ùãè´ ãôÌæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â×âæ×çØ·¤ çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ·¤ô ÕðãÎ âÅUè·¤Ìæ ß ¥æ·¤áü·¤ M¤Â âð ÂýSÌéÌ ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñ, çÁââð Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ·¤× â×Ø ×ð´ Öè ©ÂØô»è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè âéÜÖ ãô â·Ô¤Ð §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚUÌ 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¹ÕÚUð´, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Âè¥æ§üÕè, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙ ß âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ̉Øô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæ Öè ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñÐ §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° SßØ´ ·¤æ ×êËØæ´·¤Ù ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ âãæØÌæ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ Øãæ¡ Øã SÂC ·¤ÚUÙæ ¥æßàØ·¤ ãñ ç·¤ ç·¤âè Öè Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ̉Øô´ ·¤è ×æ˜ææ âð ’ØæÎæ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ©â·¤è »é‡æßžææ ãôÌè ãñ, §âçÜ° §âè çâfæ´Ì ·¤æ ¥ÙéÂæÜÙ ·¤ÚU·Ô¤ ã×Ùð âæÚU»çÖüÌ M¤Â ×ð´ Øã Âç˜æ·¤æ ¥æ·Ԥ â×é¹ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ãñ, ¿ê´ç·¤ ·¤ô§ü Öè ·ë çÌ ¥´çÌ× Ùãè´ ãôÌè ãñ, ©â×ð´ âéÏæÚU ·¤è âÎñß â´ÖæßÙæ°¡ çßl×æÙ ÚUãÌè ãñ´Ð ¥ÌÑ âÖè Àæ˜æô´ âð ¥ÙéÚUôÏ ãñ ç·¤ ¥ÂÙð Õãé×êËØ âéÛææßô´ ß â×æÜô¿Ùæ¥ô´ âð ã×ð´ ¥ß»Ì ·¤ÚUæ°´Ð
¥ßÙèàæ Âæ‡ÇðØâÂæη¤, ŠØðØ IAS
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
1 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
egRoiw.kZ eqís7rhLrk unh ty&fookn % Hkkjr&ckaXykns'k laca/01
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ rhLrk unh ij ,d ^O;kid çca/u vkSj iqu:¼kj ifj;kstuk* (comprehensive management and restoration project) ds fy, ckaXykns'k] phu ls yxHkx 1 vjc MkWyj ds ½.k ij ppkZ dj jgk gSA bl ifj;kstuk dk mís'; unh csflu dk dq'ky çca/u djuk] ckkSrk ugha gks ik;k gSA
gkfy;k ifjn`'; esa Hkkjr ckaXykns'k laca/
¥ o"kZ 2008 ls ubZ fnYyh dk
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
2 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
ns'kksa ds chp laca/ vkSj e/qj gq, gSaA Hkkjr dks ckaXykns'k ds lkFk vius lqj{kk laca/ksa ls ykHk gqvk gS] ckaXykns'k }kjk Hkkjr fojks/h laxBuksa ds f•ykiQ dkjZokbZ ls Hkkjr ljdkj dks iwohZ vkSj iwokZsÙkj jkT;ksa esa 'kkafr cuk, j•us esa enn feyh gSA
¥ ckaXykns'k dks Hkkjr ls viuh vkfFkZd vkSj fodkl lk>snkjh ls ykHk gqvk gSA ckaXykns'k nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k O;kikj Hkkxhnkj gSA fiNys ,d n'kd esa f}i{kh; O;kikj esa yxkrkj o`f¼ gqbZ gS% 2018&19 esa Hkkjr dk ckaXykns'k dks fu;kZr 9-21 fcfy;u MkWyj tcfd ckaXykns'k ls Hkkjr us 1-04 fcfy;u MkWyj dk vk;kr fd;k A
¥ Hkkjr fpfdRlk mipkj] i;ZVu] dke vkSj euksjatu vkfn ds fy, ckaXykns'k ds ukxfjdksa dks gj lky 15 ls 20 yk• ohtk nsrk gSA Hkkjr ds fy, ckaXykns'k iM+kslh igys (neighbourhood first) dh uhfr esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkkxhnkj jgk gSA
¥ fiNys ikap eghuksa esa Hkkjr vkSj ckaXykns'k us dksfoM 19 egkekjh ls yM+us ds fy, vkil esa lg;ksx fd;k gSA Hkkjr us ckaXykns'k dks fpfdRlk lgk;rk Hkh çnku dh gSA
Hkkjr&ckaXykns'k lEcU/ksa esa phu dk isap
¥ rhLrk unh ty fookn bl le; phu dh Hkwfedk dks ysdj ppkZ esa gSA xkSjryc gS fd vHkh gky gh esa Hkkjr dh phu ds lkFk yík• esa eqBHksM+ gqbZ gS vkSj nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp lhek ij 'kkafr le>kSrs dks ysdj vHkh Hkh dksbZ vke lgefr ugha cu ik;h gS vFkkZr xfrjks/ O;kIr gSA ,sls le; esa phu }kjk ckaXykns'k dks Hkkjh ek=kk esa ½.k çnku djus laca/h okrkZ,a Hkkjr ds fy, fpark dk fo"k; gSA
¥ ckaXykns'k dh bl ifj;kstuk dk mís'; rhLrk unh csflu dk dq'ky çca/u djuk gS] ftlls xzh"edky ds 'kq"d ekSle esa mRiUu gksus okys ty vHkko dks de fd;k tk lds] ckqdk gqvk gSA gky gh esa] phu us
ckaXykns'k ls 97» oLrqvksa ij vk;kr 'kqYd
'kwU; ?kksf"kr fd;k gSA de fodflr ns'kksa ds
fy, phu us dksVk&eqÙkQ dk;ZØe (quota-
free programme) ds rgr ckaXykns'k dks
;g lqfo/k çnku dh gS A phu ds bl dne
dk ckaXykns'k esa O;kid :i ls Lokxr
fd;k x;k gS] vkSj vis{kk dh x;h gS fd
phu dks ckaXykns'k dk fu;kZr c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
3 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
dksfoM&19 egkekjh ds nkSjku ykWdMkmu dk Hk;kog izHkko02
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ orZeku esa COVID-19 egkekjh us fofHkUu
oxks± ij foHksndkjh çHkko Mkys gSa vFkkZr
fHkUu&fHkUu oxks± dks fHkUu fHkUu rjhds ls
çHkkfor fd;k gS vkSj bldk çHkko Hkh
lHkh ij leku ugha gSA
i`"BHkwfe
¥ vkLVªsfy;k ds vkfFkZd bfrgkldkj okYVj
f'kMsy us viuh iqLrd ^n xzsV ysoyj*
esa rdZ fn;k gS fd ekuo bfrgkl esa pkj
çdkj dh Hk;kog ?kVuk,¡ gqbZ gSa ftuds
dkj.k vf/d vkfFkZd lekurk vk;h gSA
¥ ;s pkj çdkj dh Hk;kog ?kVuk,¡
fuEufyf•r gSa%
egkekjh
Økafr
;q¼
ns'kks a dk iru
¥ orZeku esa nqfu;k mi;ZqÙkQ pkj Hk;kog
?kVukvksa esa ls ,d egkekjh ls xqtj jgh
gS bl le; COVID-19 egkekjh vkSj
bldh otg ls yxk;s x;s ykWdMkmu us
lHkh dks çHkkfor fd;k gSA
¥ okYVj f'kMsy us viuh iqLrd esa fo'ys"k.k
fd;k gS fd egkekjh ls Hkkjh la[;k esa
yksxks a dh e`R;q gksrh gS vFkkZr e`R;q nj
dkiQh c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
4 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
egkekjh ds çHkko esa çkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk
¥ xkSjryc gS fd dsoy 49» gh vuqlwfpr
tkfr ds ifjokj dk cSad esa •krk gS
tcfd mPp tkfr ds 62» ifjokjks a ds
ikl cSad •krk gSA blls vkfFkZd :i
detksj yksx ç/kuea=kh xjhc dY;k.k
tSls ;kstukvksa dk ykHk mBkus esa Hkh
l{ke ugha gks ik, gSaA
¥ fofHkUu vkS|ksfxd lewg vius ;gk¡ vc
mRiknu ds fy, vkWVksesfVd e'khuksa ;k
jkscksV dks c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
5 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
fu;e vk/kfjr jktdks"kh; uhfr% Hkkjr ds fy, fdruk vko';d03
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ orZeku esa ns'k dh jktdks"kh; fLFkfr
fparktud gSA Hkkjr ljdkj dks th,lVh ls
vizR;{k dj laxzg Hkh de izkIr gqvk gSA
¥ gky gh esa gqbZ th,lVh dkmafly dh cSBd
esa dsUnz ,oa jkT;ksa ds chp jktLo forj.k
dks ysdj erHksn mHkdj lkeus vk;s gSaA
¥ dksfoM&19 egkekjh dh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus
ds fy, ljdkj dks vf/d O;; djuk
iM+ jgk gS] tcfd vkfFkZd xfrfof/;ksa dks
f'kfFky gksus ls vis{kkuq:i jktLo dh izkfIr
ugha gks jgh gSA bl fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq,
dbZ fo'ks"kKksa o laLFkkvksa us ;g vk'kadk
trk;h gS fd ns'k dk jktdks"kh; ?kkVk
(Fiscal deficit) c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
6 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
djrh gSA jktdks"kh; ;kstuk ds ewY;kadu ds
rgr ljdkj ds egÙokdka{kh y{;ksa] ;Fkk&
vkxs vkus okys o"kks± esa jktdks"kh; ?kkVk dks
fdruk de djuk gS] vFkZO;oLFkk dh o`f¼
nj dks fdruk ysdj tkuk gS bR;kfn] dk
fo'ys"k.k djuk gksrk gSA
¥ vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj fodkl laxBu
(vksbZlhMh) ds vuqlkj] jktdks"kh;
ifj"kn ,d lkoZtfud bdkbZ gks ldrh gS
ftlesa xSj&fuokZfpr (non-eleated) is'ksoj
(Professionals) gksa rFkk bl laLFkk dk
dk;Z ljdkj ds jktdks"kh; fu"iknu (fiscal
Performance) dh Lora=k rjhds ls ns[k&js[k
gks ldrk gSA
¥ vksbZlhMh ds vuqlkj] tc jktdks"kh; ifj"kn
;k laLFkku }kjk Lora=k rjhds ls ljdkj
ds jktdks"kh; fu"iknu dk oSKkfud o
oLrqfu"B (Scientific- Objective) fo'ys"k.k
fd;k tk;sxk rks ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa
LFkkf;Ro vk;sxA
Hkkjr esa jktdks"kh; ifj"kn dh ek¡x
¥ Hkkjr esa jktdks"kh; ifj"kn dh ek¡x dkiQh
iqjkuh gSA rsjgosa foÙk vk;ksx us jktdks"kh;
?kkVk dks fu;af=kr djus gsrq ,d Lora=k
,tsalh vFkkZr~ jktdks"kh; ifj"kn ds xBu
dk lq>ko fn;k FkkA blds ckn 14osa foÙk
vk;ksx us Hkh blh izdkj ds lq>ko dks
izLrqr fd;k FkkA
¥ lu~ 2017 esa ,u-ds-flag dh vè;{krk esa
xfBr ,iQvkjch,e leh{kk lfefr us Hkh
jktdks"kh; ifj"kn ds xBu dh fliQkfj'k
dh FkhA bl lfefr ds eqrkfcd] jktdks"kh;
ifj"kn ,d Lora=k fudk; gksxh ,oa fdlh
Hkh fn;s x;s foÙkh; o"kZ ds fy, ljdkj dh
jktLo ?kks"k.kkvksa dh fuxjkuh djsxhA
jktdks"kh; ifj"kn ds mís';@dk;Z
¥ jktdks"kh; ifj"kn dk mís'; cgqo"khZ;
jktdks"kh; iz{ksi.k (Multi-year fiscal
projection) Hkh gSA cgqo"khZ; jktdks"kh;
iz{ksi.k dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd jktdks"kh;
ifj"kn dks jktdks"kh; izca/u ,oa blls
lacaf/r vU; ckrksa dk vkdyu djuk
gksxk] tSls fd pkyw foÙk o"kZ esa Hkkjrh;
vFkZO;oLFkk dh o`f¼ nj fdruh jgsxh ;k
fiQj vkxs vkus okys o"kks± esa ;g dSls gks
ldrh gS bR;kfnA
¥ bl laLFkk }kjk jktdks"kh; fLFkjrk (Fiscal
Sustainability) dk fo'ys"k.k rS;kj fd;k
tkrk gSA tc ljdkj dk jktLo dh izkfIr
vkSj [kpZ larqyu dh voLFkk esa gks vkSj
ljdkj lqpk: :i ls pyrh jgs (dksbZ Hkh
foÙkh; ladV iSnk u gks) rks bls jktdks"kh;
fLFkjrk dh fLFkfr dgrs gSaA è;krO; gS
fd uCcs ds n'kd esa jktdks"kh; fLFkjrk
dks xaHkhj :i ls rc uqdlku igq¡pk Fkk
tc Hkkjr ljdkj ds le{k Hkqxrku larqyu
(chvksih) dk ladV [kM+k gks x;k FkkA
¥ ljdkj us vius r; y{;ksa ds vuq:i
(;Fkk&,iQvkjche dkuwu ds rgr)
jktdks"kh; ?kkVk (Fiscal deficit) ds y{;ksa
dks izkIr dj ik;h gS ;k ugha] bl ckr dk
ewY;kadu jktdks"kh; ifj"kn }kjk fd;k tkrk
gSA blds fy, ifj"kn ,d ewY;kadu fjiksVZ
rS;kj djrh gSA
¥ jktdks"kh; ifj"kn ;g Hkh ns[krh gS fd
ljdkj jktdks"kh; fu;eksa dk ikyu fdl
izdkj ls dj jgh gSA
¥ jktdks"kh; vk¡dM+ksa dks vkSj dSls csgrj
fd;k tk ldrk gS] bldh fliQkfj'k
jktdks"kh; ifj"kn }kjk dh tkrh gSA
¥ ljdkj }kjk ctV esa dh x;h ?kks"k.kkvksa dks
Hkfo"; esa dSls vklkuh ls ykxw fd;k tk;s]
blds fy, jktdks"kh; izca/u esa t:jh
la'kks/uksa dk lq>ko ifj"kn }kjk fd;k tkrk
gSA
¥ jktdks"kh; ifj"kn }kjk okf"kZd jktdks"kh;
j.kuhfrd fjiksVZ (Annual Fiscal Strategy
Report) Hkh rS;kj dh tkrh gS vkSj mls
lkoZtfud IysViQkWeZ ij izLrqr fd;k tkrk
gS rkfd jktdks"kh; izca/u esa ikjnf'kZrk dks
LFkkfir fd;k tk ldsA
jktdks"kh; ifj"kn ds ykHk
¥ vksbZlhMh ds eqrkfcd] tc jktdks"kh;
ifj"kn ;k laLFkku }kjk Lora=k rjhds ls
ljdkj ds jktdks"kh; fu"iknu dk oSKkfud
o oLrqfu"B (Scientific and Objective)
fo'ys"k.k fd;k tk;sxk rks ns'k dh
vFkZO;oLFkk esa LFkkf;Ro vk;sxkA
¥ ljdkj }kjk ctV esa fd;s x;s vkoaVu
,oa vU; ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dk jktdks"kh;
ifj"kn }kjk oSKkfud o oLrqfu"B fo'ys"k.k
fd;k tk;sxk rks laln esa ppkZ ds nkSjku
lÙkk i{k ,oa foi{k esa lkFkZd cgl gksxhA
¥ ljdkj yksd&yqHkkoukdkjh ;kstukvksa ls
ijgst djus yxsxh] D;ksafd buds nh?kZdkyhu
nq"ifj.kkeksa dks jktdks"kh; ifj"kn fo'ysf"kr
djds lkoZtfud djsxhA
¥ yksxksa esa Hkh ljdkj dh jktdks"kh; uhfr ds
izfr tkx:drk vk;sxhA
fo'ys"k.k
¥ dqN fo'ks"kK ;g Hkh iz'u mBkrs gSa fd
D;k okLro esa Hkkjr esa jktdks"kh; ifj"kn
ds xBu dh vko';drk gS\ tcfd bl
ifj"kn ds }kjk fd;s tkus okys dk;ks± dks
Hkkjr esa fofHkUu dkuwu ,oa laLFkk,¡ dj jgh
gSa_ tSls fd ,iQvkjch,e dkuwu (2003)
esa ljdkj ds fy, vkxs vkus okys o"kks± esa
jktdks"kh; ?kkVs dks fdruk de djuk gS]
;g fu/kZfjr dj fn;k x;k gSA ;fn ljdkj
bu y{;ksa ls fopfyr gksrh gS rks mldks
bldk Li"Vhdj.k iznku djuk gksxkA
¥ laln esa Hkkjr ljdkj dks ,d jktdks"kh;
uhfr j.kuhfr LVsVesaV (Fiscal Policy
Strategy Statement -FPSS) j[kuk gksrk
gS rkfd ljdkj dh jktdks"kh; uhfr ls
lacaf/r fLFkfr;k¡ Li"V gks ldsa vkSj laln
esa blesa lkFkZd cgl gks ldsA tc mi;qZDr
dk;Z igys ls gh laln esa fd;k tk jgk gS
rks blds fy, ,d u;h laLFkk ds fuekZ.k
dh vkSfpR;rk ij dqN fo'ks"kK loky [kM+k
dj jgs gSaA
¥ jktdks"kh; ifj"kn dk ;g Hkh dk;Z gS fd
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh o`f¼ nj ds lanHkZ
esa le;≤ ij vuqeku O;Dr fd;s
tk;sa vkSj orZeku o`f¼ nj dk fo'ys"k.k
fd;k tk;sA ysfdu ;g dk;Z Hkkjr esa dbZ
ljdkjh ,tsafl;k¡ dj jgh gSa] ;Fkk&Hkkjrh;
fjtoZ cSad] lh,lvks vkfnA blds vfrfjDr
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
7 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
vkbZ,e,iQ] fo'o cSad vkfn Hkh ,sls vk¡dM+sa
izLrqr djrh gSaA
¥ Hkkjr dk fu;a=kd ,oa egkys[kk ijh{kd
(dSx) Hkh ljdkj dh jktdks"kh; uhfr;ksa
dk fo'ys"k.k djrk gS vkSj bl laca/ esa
fjiksVZ rS;kj djrk gSA dSx ns[krk gS fd
ljdkj jktdks"kh; fu;eksa dk ikyu dj
jgh gS ;k ughaA
¥ mi;qZDr ds ckotwn dqN fo'ks"kKksa dk dguk
gS fd ;g lgh gS fd jktdks"kh; ifj"kn
ds dk;ks± dks Hkkjr esa fofHkUu laLFkkvksa }kjk
fofHkUu :iksa esa lEiUu fd;k tk jgk gS
ysfdu fiQj Hkh ;fn jktdks"kh; ifj"kn dh
LFkkiuk dh tk;sxh rks jktdks"kh; izca/u
vkSj csgrj
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
8 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
Hkkjrh; [kk| lqj{kk vkSj bldk izHkko04
ppZk dk dkj.k
¥ gky gh esa tkjh LVsV vkWiQ iwQM flD;ksfjVh ,aM U;wfVª'ku (SOFI) fjiksVZ] 2020 fn•krh gS fd nqfu;k ¶lrr fodkl y{; (,lMhth)&2 ('kwU; Hkw•)¸ dks çkIr djus dh jkg ls HkVd x;h gSA la;qDr jk‘ª laxBu dh dbZ ,tsafl;ksa }kjk tkjh dh xbZ fjiksVZ esa ;g vuqeku yxk;k x;k gS fd Hkkjr esa nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h •k| vlqjf{kr vkcknh gSA Hkkjr esa 2014 ls 2019 osQ chp Hkkjr esa •k| vlqj{kk dh O;kidrk 3-8 çfr'kr c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
9 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
¥ ns'k osQ v Hk.Mkjksa esa yxkrkj c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
10 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
vkjVhvkbZ (RTI) % yksdra=k dk izHkkoh vkSj dq'ky gfFk;kj05
lanHkZ
¥ iQjojh 2020 esa vle le>kSrs osQ •aM 6 dks ykxw djus osQ fy, xfBr ,d mPpLrjh; lfefr us ljdkj dks viuh fjiksVZ lkSaih FkhA rc ls ljdkj us fjiksVZ dks lkoZtfud ugha fd;k FkkA bl mPpLrjh; lfefr dks vle le>kSrs osQ •aM 6 dks ykxw djus vkSj vle osQ yksxksa dh igpku lqfuf'pr djus osQ mik;ksa ls lacfUèkr fliQkfj'kas djuh Fkh] fdUrq gky gh esa vkWy vle LVwMsaV~l ;wfu;u us mPp Lrjh; lfefr dh fjiksVZ dks tufgr esa ns•rs gq, lkoZtfud dj fn;k gSA
¥ fjiksVZ dks lkoZtfud djus dk dkj.k yksxksa osQ tkuus dk vfèkdkj (Right to Know) crk;k x;kA tkuus dk vfèkdkj lwpuk çkIr djus osQ vfèkdkj dk vkèkkj gSA ftl rjg ls Hkkjr esa lwpukvksa dh ekax ij ljdkj dh fuf"Ø;rk fn•kbZ nsrh gS ,sls esa tkuus osQ vfèkdkj (Right to Know) dks iquthZfor fd;k tkuk vko';d gks x;k gSA
tkuus dk vfèkdkj
¥ fdlh Hkh yksdrkaf=kd O;oLFkk esa vke yksxksa dks lwpuk dk vfèkdkj çnku djus dk rkRi;Z gksrk gS] tuHkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djus dh fn'kk esa mBk;k x;k ljkguh; dneA D;ksafd fdlh Hkh laoSèkkfud lÙkk ls leqfpr lwpuk ikus dk tks vfèkdkj igys fliQZ tuçfrfufèk;ksa osQ ikl gksrk gSA ogh dekscs'k bl dkuwu osQ ekè;e ls turk esa Hkh gLrkarfjr dj fn;k x;k gSA
¥ ;fn vke yksxksa osQ }kjk bldk lnqi;ksx fd;k tk, rks lÙkk lajf{kr Hkz‘kpkj esa dkiQh deh vk ldrh gSA blls fodkl vkSj lq'kklu dh voèkkj.kk ifjiq‘ gksrh gSA ysfdu ;fn bldk fdlh Hkh çdkj ls nq#i;ksx fd;k tk, vFkok nq'eu ns'kksa ls ,df=kr vkadM+s o tkudkfj;ka lk>k dh tkus yxsa rks fdlh Hkh 'kklu }kjk LFkkfir O;oLFkk dh LokHkkfod xfr Hkh vo#¼ gks ldrh gSA
¥ lwpuk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e 2005 osQ rgr çnku fd;k x;k tkuus dk vfèkdkj osQoy ,d oSèkkfud vfèkdkj ugha gS cfYd Hkkjr osQ lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 19 vkSj 21 osQ rgr feyus okyk ekSfyd vfèkdkj Hkh gSA
¥ ;g ukxfjdksa dk ,d çHkkoh midj.k gS tks mUgsa vkSj vfèkd tkudkjh çkIr djus esa enn djrk gSA
¥ bldk mís'; lkoZtfud çkfèkdj.k osQ dk;ks± esa ikjnf'kZrk vkSj tokcnsgh dks c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
11 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
¥ dkuwu osQ rgr tklwlh djuk] xqIr tkudkjh
lk>k djuk] in dk vufèkÑr mi;ksx]
tkudkjh jksduk] fuf"k¼èk çfrcafèkr {ks=kks a
esa l'kÐ ços'k vkfn dks naMuh; vijkèk
ekuk x;k gSA
¥ blosQ fy, nks"kh O;fDr dks 14 lky rd
dk dkjkokl ;k tqeZkuk ;k nksuks a ls nafMr
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
tkuus dk vfèkdkj cuke vkfèkdkfjd xksiuh;rk vfèkfu;e
¥ lwpuk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e osQ ykxw
gksus osQ ckn ls gh vkfèkdkfjd xksiuh;rk
vfèkfu;e ,d fooknkLin eqík cu gqvk
gSA
¥ pwafd vkfèkdkfjd xksiuh;rk vfèkfu;e
esa xqIr tkudkjh dks ifjHkkf"kr ugha fd;k
x;k gSA vdlj bl nqfoèkk dk ykHk
lkoZtfud deZpkjh vkjVhvkbZ vfèkfu;e
osQ rgr iwNh x;h tkudkjh dks fNikus
osQ lanHkZ esa djrs gSaA
¥ gkykafd nks dkuwuks a osQ chp la?k"kZ osQ
ekeys esa vkjVhvkbZ vfèkfu;e osQ
çkoèkkuks a dks vkfèkdkfjd xksiuh;rk
vfèkfu;e ij ojh;rk nh x;h gSA
¥ vkjVhvkbZ vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 22 esa dgk
x;k gS fd blosQ çkoèkku vkfèkdkfjd
xksiuh;rk vfèkfu;e esa muosQ lkFk
vlaxr gksus osQ ckotwn çHkkoh gksaxsA
¥ vkjVhvkbZ vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 8 (2)
osQ rgr ,d lkoZtfud çkfèkdj.k
lkoZtfud fgr esa vkfèkdkfjd xksiuh;rk
vfèkfu;e osQ rgr vkus okyh tkudkjh
mtkxj djus dh vuqefr ns ldrk gS ;fn
lwpuk osQ çdVu esa yksd fgr lajf{kr
fgrksa osQ uqdlku ls vfèkd gSA
egRoiw.kZ okn
1- mÙkj çns'k cuke jkt ukjk;.k okn (1975)
¥ bl okn esa loksZPp U;k;ky; oqQN nLrkostksa dks xksiuh; j•us dh ckr dgh gS] Hkys gh mudh lkexzh jk‘ªh; fgr osQ fy, gkfudkjd u gksA
¥ U;k;ewfrZ eSF;w us dgk fd Hkkjr osQ yksxks a dks gj lkoZtfud dk;Z dks tkuus dk vfèkdkj gS] tks lkoZtfud vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk lkoZtfud :i ls fd, tkrs gSaA
¥ tkuus dk vfèkdkj vfHkO;fDr dh vktknh dh voèkkj.kk ls gh vk;k gS vkSj ;g fujis{k ugha gSA fiQj Hkh tkuus osQ vfèkdkj dks xksiuh;rk osQ vkèkkj ij nck;k ugha tkuk pkfg,A
2- ;'koar flUgk cuke osQaæh; tkap C;wjks (2019)
¥ loksZPp U;k;ky; us dgk fd ,slk dksbZ çkoèkku ugha gS ftlosQ }kjk laln us ljdkj dks xksiuh;rk osQ vkèkkj ij nLrkostksa osQ çdk'ku ;k muosQ U;k;ky; osQ le{k çLrqr u djus dh 'kfDr çnku dh x;h gSA
¥ ;g Hkh U;k;ewfrZ osQ,e tkslsiQ us lwpuk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e, 2005 dh èkkjk 8 (2) dk mYys• fd;k] ftles ;g çkoèkku gS fd dksbZ ukxfjd fdlh nLrkost dh çekf.kr çfr çkIr dj ldrk gS] ;fn lwpuk osQ çdVu esa yksd fgr,
lajf{kr fgrksa osQ uqdlku ls vfèkd gSA
¥ blfy, ;g Li‘ gS fd tkuus osQ vfèkdkj dks osQoy lhfer ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gh jksdk tk ldrk gS tgka O;kid lkoZtfud fgr ugha gSA
fu"d"kZ
¥ ;fn ljdkj osQ dkedkt esa xksiuh;rk cuh jgrh gS vkSj ljdkj dh dk;Zokfg;ksa dks lkoZtfud ugha fd;k tkrk gS rks ;g mRihM+u vkSj Hkz‘kpkj dks çksRlkfgr djsxk vkSj vfèkdkj osQ nq#i;ksx dks c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
12 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
yksdrkaf=kd O;oLFkk esa lq/kj dh vko';drk06
lanHkZ
¥ orZeku le; esa vf/dka'k fodflr ns'kksa
esa 'kklu dh yksdrkaf=kd ç.kkyh gS ftlds
varxZr ukxfjd oksV ds ekè;e ls viuh
jk; O;ÙkQ djrs gSa vkSj oks oksV ns'k ds vkus
okys Hkfo"; dks Hkh çHkkfor djrs gSaA
¥ vU; ç.kkfy;ksa ls ijs yksdrkaf=kd ç.kkyh
dk ykHk ;g gS fd ;g lekt esa lHkh
dks ,d leku cksyus dk vf/dkj nsrk gS
vkSj /uoku dqyhu oxks± ds ,sls lewgksa dh
laHkkouk dks de dj ldrk gS tks turk ij
vR;kpkj djrs gSaA blfy, yksdra=k 'kklu
dks turk ds dY;k.k] fodkl o lqfo/k
dk çrhd ekuk tkrk gSA yksdra=k esa 'kklu
dh uhfr;ksa] dk;ZØeksa] vkns'kksa ds ekè;e
ls loZlk/kj.k dk vf/d ls vf/d enn
djus dk ç;kl fd;k tkrk gSA
i`"BHkwfe
¥ yksdra=k oSf'od jktuhfr dk ,d çeq•
fgLlk gS ftlesa Lora=k vkSj fu"i{k]
cgq&i{kh;] fuf'pr vof/ ds pquko 'kkfey
gSa tks fd lkoZHkkSfed o;Ld erkf/dkj ij
vk/kfjr gSA
¥ blesa vf/dka'k erksa ls thrus okyh ,d
çfr;ksxh ikVhZ ernkrkvksa dh bPNk dk
çfrfuf/Ro djrh gS vkSj lÙkk/kjh ny
dgykrh gS vkSj vU; yksx vxys pquko
rd foi{k dh ikVhZ esa cus jgrs gSaA
¥ iajrq yksdra=k 21 oha lnh esa Hkh lkoZHkkSfed
cuus ls cgqr nwj gS D;ksafd bldk viuk
thou bfrgkl lkS lky ls Hkh de le;
dk gSA
¥ tc yksdra=k dk fodkl gqvk rc yksdra=k
ds lkFk&lkFk blesa O;fÙkQxr vf/dkjksa vkSj
Lora=krk] eqÙkQ cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk] lHkh
ukxfjdksa dh lekurk] thou vkSj laifÙk dh
Lora=krk] vkfn iwathokn ds vn`'; ?kVd
'kkfey gq,A
¥ yksdra=k esa gksus okys pqukoksa us ifjorZu'khy ljdkj dks ojh;rk nh] gkyk¡fd blesa 'kklu dks pqukSrh nsus ds f•ykiQ lqj{kk dh xkjaVh nh x;hA ;g pqukSrh dsoy Økafr;ksa ds ekè;e ls mRiUu gks ldrh Fkh] tks Hkz"V ljdkj ds fo#¼ vuqcaf/r Fkh u fd lq'kklu ds çfrA
¥ la{ksi esa dg ldrs gSa fd xSj&yksdra=kksa dh rqyuk esa yksdra=k vkSlr ls vf/d le`¼ gSa D;ksafd blesa rkuk'kkgh dh laHkkouk de gksrh gSA
iQLVZ ikLV n iksLV flLVe
¥ bldk mi;ksx oSf'od :i ls 58 ns'kksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA
¥ ¶iQLVZ ikLV n iksLV¸ (lokZf/d er çkIr O;fÙkQ dh fot;) ç.kkyh lcls çkphu gSA jk"VªeaMy ds ns'kksa vkSj vesfjdk esa ernku dh ;gh loZlkekU; ç.kkyh gSA
¥ xkSjryc gS fd Hkkjr esa yksdlHkk ,oa fo/ku lHkkvksa ds pqukoksa esa blh ç.kkyh dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bls ljy cgqer ç.kkyh Hkh dgrs gSaA blesa ftl mEehnokj dks lcls vf/d er çkIr gksrs gSa ogh 'kklu ds fy, pqu fy;k tkrk gSA
¥ gkykafd] iQLVZ ikl n iksLV flLVe dk ,d cM+k nks"k ;g gS fd ;g yksdra=k esa okLrfod cgqer ds fu;e dks fu/kZfjr ugha djrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] 2014 ds vke pqukoksa esa yksdlHkk esa ,dek=k lcls cM+s ny us yxHkx 31» oksVksa dh fgLlsnkjh ds lkFk vk/s ls vf/d lhVsa çkIr dh Fkh] blh izdkj 2019 esa Hkh lcls cM+s ny dks ek=k 40» oksVksa dh fgLlsnkjh izkIr gqbZ FkhA
¥ fofnr gks fd bl ç.kkyh dh vkykspuk esa rhu ckrsa dgh tkrh gSaA
¥ igyh ;g fd blds varxZr lokZf/d er çkIr djus okyk mEehnokj fuokZfpr gks tkrk gS] Hkys gh fuokZpd eaMy ds dkiQh cM+s leqnk; us mlds fo#¼ er fn, gksaA vYila[;d leqnk; }kjk fuokZfpr gksus ij Hkh og fo#¼ er j•us okys cgqla[;d leqnk; dk Hkh çfrfuf/ cu tkrk gSA
¥ nwljh ckr ;g gS fd ;g ç.kkyh fczVsu ds leku f}nyh; ijaijk ds gh vuqdwy gksrh gS fdarq mleas nqcZy vkSj vYila[;d nyksa dk liQk;k gks tkrk gSA mlesa fofHkUu çdkj ds vYila[;d leqnk;ksa dks i;kZIr çfrfuf/Ro gh ugha fey ikrkA
¥ rhljh ckr ;g gS fd ;g ç.kkyh çk;% ernkrkvksa ds ,sls leqnk;ksa dks ftUgsa FkksM+k gh vf/d cgqer çkIr gS] lnu esa cgqr c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
13 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
usr`Ro vkSj uhfr fuekZ.k ds fy, yksdra=k
ç.kkyh dh gh fuank djrs gS] tks ernkrk
dh tM+ vKkurk vkSj rdZghurk dks n'kkZrk
gSA ;s ernkrk vke rkSj ij mu uhfr;ksa dk
i{k ysrs gSa ftlesa Hkfo"; dh ihf
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
14 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa cnyko % le; dh ekax07
lanHkZ
¥ dksfoM&19 egkekjh us Hkkjr lfgr iwjh
oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk dks xaHkhj :i {kfr
igq¡pk;h gSA
¥ gky gh esa jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy;
(National Statistical Office-NSO) us pkyw
foÙk o"kZ (2020&21) dh izFke frekgh
ds fy, thMhih (ldy ?kjsyw mRikn) ds
vk¡dM+s tkjh fd;s gSaA
¥ ,u,lvks ds vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj] pkyw foÙk
o"kZ dh izFke frekgh esa thMhih dh o`f¼
nj ^Í.kkRed 23-39» gks x;h gSA ;g
vius vki esa Hkkjrh; thMhih dh o`f¼ nj
esa cgqr cM+h fxjkoV gSA
ifjp;
¥ thMhih dh o`f¼ nj esa ;g cM+h fxjkoV ns'k
esa fofHkUu pj.kksa esa yxk;s x;s jk"VªO;kih
ykWdMkmu ds ifj.kkeLo:i ns[kus dks feyh
gSA
¥ dksfoM&19 egkekjh ds izlkj dks jksdus gsrq
ljdkj us jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ykWdMkmu yxk;k
Fkk tks vHkh Hkh ns'k ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa
fHkUu&fHkUu rjhds ls tkjh gSA
¥ ykWdMkmu ds dkj.k vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;k¡
yxHkx Bi lh jgh gSa vkSj Hkkjh la[;k esa
yksxksa ds jkstxkj fNus gSaA bu lc ifjfLFkfr;ksa
us Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks ladqpu dh vksj
jgs gSaA blds vfrfjDr] ;g cktkj esa rjyrk vkSj ek¡x dks c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
15 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
thMhih dks fn'kk nsus vkSj Hkkjh ek=kk esa
jkstxkj l`tu esa lgk;d gSaA
lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e m|ksx
(,e,l,ebZ)% ,e,l,ebZ] Hkkjr esa
eè;e oxZ ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSa] D;ksafd
;s Hkkjr esa jkstxkj l`tu dh jh
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
16 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
egRoiw.kZ czsu cwLVlZ7okjyh fp=kdyk01
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k
¾ Hkkjrh; yksd dyk dks c
17 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
flu VSDl (sin tax)02
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ Hkkjrh; is; la?k (vkbZch,)] tks ns'k ds lcls cM+s 'khry is; fuekZrkvksa
dk çfrfufèkRo djrk gS] ftlesa
dksdk&dksyk] isfIldks] ikjys ,xzks
vkSj jsM cqy 'kkfey gSa] us th,lVh
ifj"kn vkSj foÙk ea=kh fueZyk
lhrkje.k dks i=k fy•dj bu
oLrqvksa dks iki dj (flu VSDl)
Js.kh ls gVkus dks dgk gSA
2- D;k gksrk gS flu VSDl\ ¾ flu VSDl (sin tax) ,d çdkj dk mRikn dj (excise tax) gS tks fo'ks"k :i ls lekt vkSj O;fÙkQ;ksa ds fy, gkfudkjd oLrqvksa ij yxk;k tkrk gS% mnkgj.k ds fy,&'kjkc] rEckdw] dSaMh] MªXl] 'khry is;] iQkLV iQwM] dkWiQh] phuh] tqvk vkfnA
¾ flu VSDl (sin tax) dks vfu"V dj vkSj iki dj ds ukeksa ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
¾ vçR;{k dj O;oLFkk ^th,lVh* (GST) esa 'kjkc] rackdw] dksyk (Cola) vkfn tSls lekt ds utfj;s ls gkfudkjd ;k LokLF; ds fglkc ls uqdlkunsg mRiknksa ij flu VSDl (sin tax) yxk;k tkrk gSA
5- th,lVh ifj"kn dk xBu o fØ;kUo;u ¾ th,lVh ifj"kn dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa ds fy, ,d la;qÙkQ eap gksrk gSA blesa fuEufyf•r lnL; gksrs gSa &
( dsaæh; foÙk ea=kh] (vè;{k)
( lnL; ds :i esa] jkT; ea=kh (jktLo)
¾ çR;sd jkT; vkSj fnYyh] iqnqpsjh ,oa tEew&d'ehj dsaæ&'kkflr çns'kksa ds foÙk ;k djkèku ds çHkkjh ea=kh ;k lnL; ds :i esa ukfer dksbZ vU; ea=khA
¾ th,lVh ifj"kn dk çR;sd fu.kZ;] cSBd esa dqy mifLFkr lnL;ksa ds 3@4 ds cgqer (75») ls ernku djus ds ckn fy;k tkrk gSA
¾ cSBd esa dqy Mkys x;s erksa ds 1@3 fgLls dk ewY; dsaæ ljdkj ds erksa dk gksrk gS 'ks"k lHkh jkT; ljdkjksa dk ,d lkFk feydj dqy erksa dk ewY; 2@3 ekuk tkrk gSA
¾ th,lVh ifj"kn ds lnL;ksa dh dqy la[;k esa ls vk/s ds lkFk cSBdksa dk dksje xfBr gksrk gSA
¾ xkSjryc gS fd th,lVh ifj"kn lgdkjh la?kokn dk ,d egRoiw.kZ mnkgj.k gS] tgk¡ dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa nksuksa dks mfpr çfrfuf/Ro feyrk gSA
3- D;k gS th,lVh\ ¾ th,lVh(oLrq ,oa lsok dj)] Hkkjr esa ykxw ,d vge vçR;{k dj O;oLFkk gS] ftls 1 tqykbZ] 2017 dks ykxw fd;k x;k FkkA
¾ bl dj O;oLFkk esa dsUæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk vyx&vyx njksa ij yxk, tkus okys reke djksa dks gVkdj iwjs ns'k ds fy, ,d gh vçR;j{k dj ç.kkyh ykxw dh xbZ gSA
¾ Hkkjrh; lafo/ku esa bl dj O;oLFkk dks ykxw djus ds fy, 101oka la'kks/u fd;k x;k FkkA
¾ ljdkj o dbZ vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us bls vktknh ds ckn lcls cM+k vkfFkZd lq/kj crk;k gSA
4- th,lVh ifj"kn ¾ oLrq ,oa lsok dj ç.kkyh ds rgr th,lVh ifj"kn (Goods and Services Tax-GST Council) ,d eq[; fu.kZ; ysus okyh laLFkk gS] tks fd th,lVh dkuwu ds varxZr gksus okys dk;kZs ds laca/ esa lHkh egRoiw.kZ fu.kZ; ysrh gSA
¾ 101osa lafo/ku la'kks/u vf/fu;e ls lafo/ku esa vuqPNsn 279A tksM+k x;k] ftlesa oLrq ,oa lsok dj dks ykxw djus ds fy, th,lVh ifj"kn ds xBu dh ckr dgh x;h gSA
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
18 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
lHkh ds fy, vke ernkrk lwph03
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k
¾ gky gh esa ç/kuea=kh dk;kZy; us
pquko vk;ksx vkSj dkuwu ea=kky;
ds çfrfuf/;ksa ds lkFk ,d cSBd
dh ftlesa iapk;r] uxj ikfydk]
jkT; fo/kulHkk vkSj yksdlHkk ds
pqukoksa ds fy, ,d vke ernkrk
lwph gksus dh laHkkouk ij ppkZ
dh xbZA
2- gekjs ns'k esa fdrus çdkj ds ernkrk lwph gS vkSj buesa varj D;ksa gS\ ¾ dbZ jkT;ksa esa] iapk;r vkSj uxj ikfydk pqukoksa ds fy, ernkrkvksa dh lwph] laln vkSj fo/kulHkk pqukoksa dh ernkrk lwph ls&vyx gksrh gSA
¾ varj bl rF; ls mitk gS fd gekjs ns'k esa pqukoksa dh ns•js• vkSj lapkyu dk ftEek nks laoS/kfud çkf/dkfj;ksa&dsUnzh; pquko vk;ksx (bZlh) vkSj jkT; pquko vk;ksxks a (SECs) dks fn;k tkrk gSA
¾ 1950 esa xfBr] pquko vk;ksx ij Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr vkSj mijk"Vªifr ds dk;kZy;ksa vkSj laln] jkT; fo/kulHkkvksa vkSj fo/ku ifj"knks a ds pquko djkus dh ftEesnkjh gksrh gSA
¾ nwljh vksj] ,lbZlh] uxjikfydk vkSj iapk;r pqukoksa dh fuxjkuh djrk gSA os LFkkuh; fudk; pqukoksa ds fy, vius Lo;a ds fuokZpd ukekoyh rS;kj djus ds fy, Lora=k gksrs gSaA
5- vke ernkrk lwph lacaf/r iwoZor fliQkfj'ksa ¾ blls igys pquko vk;ksx us1999 vkSj 2004 esa blh rjg dh dksf'k'k dh FkhA ckn esa fof/ vk;ksx us Hkh 2015 esa viuh 255oha fjiksVZ esa bldh fliQkfj'k dh FkhA
¾ blds vykok lalnh; lfefr us dkuwu ea=kky; ds ekax ,oa vuqnku (2016&17) dh fjiksVZ esa pquko vk;ksx ,oa jkT; pquko vk;ksxksa dh vksj ls vyx&vyx ernkrk lwfp;ka cukus dk mYys• fd;k FkkA blesa dgk x;k Fkk fd ernkrkvksa dk jftLVªs'ku ,oa viMs'ku vyx&vyx
fd;k tkrk gS vkSj lwfp;ksa esa ernkrkvksa dh la[;k Hkh fHkUu jgrh gSA
6- vkxs dh jkg ¾ bl lanHkZ esa vuqPNsn 243K vkSj 243 (A) ds fy, ,d laoS/kfud la'kks/u dh vko';drk gS] tks fuokZpd ukekoyh dh rS;kjh dk funZs'ku vkSj fu;a=k.k vkSj LFkkuh; fudk; pqukoksa ds lapkyu dh 'kfÙkQ] ,lbZlh dks nsrk gSA la'kks/u ls ns'k ds lHkh pqukoksa ds fy, ,d gh ernkrk lwph dk gksuk vfuok;Z gksxkA
¾ jkT; ljdkjksa dks Hkh vius lacaf/r dkuwuksa dks la'kksf/r djus vkSj uxjikfydk vkSj iapk;r pqukoksa ds fy, pquko vk;ksx dh ernkrk lwph dks viukus gsrq dne vkxs c
19 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
jk"Vªh; LoPN ok;q dk;ZØe04
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa i;kZoj.k vkSj ou
ea=kky; }kjk jk"Vªh; LoPN
ok;q dk;ZØe (National Clean
Air Programme– NCAP) ds
rgr ,d fjiksVZ tkjh dh x;h
gS] ftlesa o"kZ 2024 rd ok;q
çnw"k.k esa 20&30» rd deh
ykus dk çLrko fd;k x;k gSA
2- NGT dh çfrfØ;k ¾ ,uthVh us i;kZoj.k ea=kky; ds bl çLrqfrdj.k dks vLohdkj dj fn;k fd ,ulh,ih ds rgr 20&30» çnw"kd deh ;FkkFkZoknh yxrh gSA
¾ fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj NCAP ds rgr] 10 o"kks ± esa lHkh ekunaMksa dks çkIr djus dk y{; j•k x;k gS] ftlesa igys rhu lkyksa esa çnw"k.k ds Hkkj esa 35» dh deh dh tk;sxh rFkk mlds ckn 'ks"k çnw"k.k dks lekIr fd;k tk;sxkA
( vFkkZr nl o"kks± rd çnw"k.k dh leL;k cuh jgsxh] tksfd thou ds vf/dkj ds rgr LoPN ok;q ls oafpr jgus ds fy, dkiQh yach vof/ gSA
( bl lanHkZ esa ,uthVh us dgk fd ;g Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gS fd bl vof/ esa fdl çdkj ds çnw"kdksa dks de fd;k tk,xkA
¾ blds vykok ,uthVh dk ekuuk gS fd ,evksbZ,iQ dk n`f"Vdks.k vuqPNsn 21 ds rgr laoS/kfud çko/kuksa ds fo#¼ gSA
¾ LoPN ok;q ds vf/dkj dks ^thou ds vf/dkj* ds ,d Hkkx ds :i esa ekU;rk nh x;h gS] vkSj ok;q çnw"k.k dh leL;k ds lek/ku esa foiQyrk ^thou ds vf/dkj* dk mYya?ku gSA
3- MsVk dh vi;kZIrrk ¾ fjiksVZ esa ;g Li"V ugha gS fd D;k] fuxjkuh ra=k çorZu ds fy, gSA
¾ fiNys nks lky esa çnw"k.k fdruk de gqvk] blls lacaf/r dksbZ vkadM+k miyC/ ugha gSA
¾ ,uthVh us dgk fd dbZ ukWu ,VsuesaV flVht (xSj&çkfIr okys 'kgj) gSa tks yxkrkj ik¡p o"kZ rd PM10 vFkok ukbVªkstu MkbvkWDlkbM ds fy;s jk"Vªh; ifjos'kh ok;q xq.koÙkk ekudksa (National Ambient Air Quality Standards-NAAQS) dks iwjk djus esa foiQy jgrs gSaA
4- ea=kky; dh çfrfØ;k ¾ ,evksbZ,iQ us U;k;kf/dj.k dks crk;k fd gok dh xq.koÙkk ds Lrj ij rduhdh vkSj uhfrxr gLr{ksiks a ds çHkko dk vkdyu djus ds fy,] igpkus x, rduhdh fo'ks"kKksa dh enn ls Hkfo"; esa ,d feMVeZ jk"VªO;kih leh{kk dh tk ldrh gS vkSj ;fn vko';d gks] rks y{; dks v|ru fd;k tk ldrk gSA
5- LoPN ok;q dk;ZØe (National Clean Air Programme– NCAP) ¾ ;g Hkkjr esa ok;q&çnw"k.k ds laca/ esa jk"Vªh;
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
20 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
fczDl buksos'ku csl05
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ phu us fczDl (BRICS) ns'kksa ds chp 5G vkSj vkfVZfiQf'k;y
baVsfytsal (AI) lg;ksx dks
vkxs c
21 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
rqdhZ & xzhl fookn 06
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa rqdhZ vkSj xzhl us ØhV }hi (xzhl ds fudV) ds ikl ,d&nwljs ds fojks/ esa lSU; vH;kl
fd;k] ftlls nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp ruko pje ij gSA
xkSjryc gS fd nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp iwohZ Hkweè;lkxj
esa rsy vkSj xSl HkaMkjksa ij nkoksa dks ysdj fookn gSA
2- fookn dk çeq• dkj.k ¾ tqykbZ esa rqdhZ us ukSlSfud vyVZ (usoVsDl) tkjh fd;k Fkk fd og vius 'kks/ tgkt vks#d jhl dks xzhl ds }hi dkLVsyksjhtks ds ikl loZs djus Hkstk FkkA ;s }hi nf{k.k&if'pe rqdhZ ds rV ls dqN gh nwj fLFkr gSA bl loZs ls irk pyk gS fd rqdhZ lkbçl vkSj ØhV ds chp ds bykdksa esa xSl dh •kst dj jgk gSA blds vykok xzhl dk nkok gS fd rqdhZ dk tgkt mlds ty{ks=k esa vkWijsV dj jgk gSA
¾ rqdhZ vkSj xzhl Hkweè; lkxj bykds esa dCts dks ysdj iqjkus çfr}anh gSaA iwohZ Hkweè;lkxjh; esa gkbMªksdkcZu HkaMkj dh •kst ds ckn ls xzhl vkSj rqdhZ ÅtkZ lalk/uksa ij dCts dks ysdj igys Hkh my> pqds gSaA xzhl vkSj ;wjksih; la?k dk nkok gS fd rqdhZ bl {ks=k esa voS/ :i ls fMªfyax dj jgk gS] ysfdu rqdhZ dk nkok gS fd ;g {ks=k mlds fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k ds Hkhrj gSA
¾ nksuks a ns'kks a ds chp çokfl;ksa ds xzhl esa ?kqlus dks ysdj Hkh fookn gS vkSj fiQj rqdhZ us bLrkcqay ds gkfx;k lksfiQ;k E;wft;e dks fiQj ls efLtn cuk fn;kA ;s bekjr dbZ lfn;ksa rd vkWFkkZ sMkWDl ppZ jgh gSA blls Hkh xzhl dks cqjk yxkA
¾ gky ds lkyksa esa lkbçl ds ikl cM+s xSl HkaMkj feys gSaA lkbçl] xzhl] bljk;y vkSj felz dh ljdkjsa buds nksgu ds fy, ,d lkFk vkbZ gSaA le>kSrs ds rgr nks gtkj fdyksehVj ikbiykbu ds tfj, ;wjksi rd xSl Hksth tk,xhA fiNys lky rqdhZ us lkbçl ds if'pe esa rsy vkSj xSl dh •kst 'kq: dh FkhA lkbçl 1974 ls c¡Vk gqvk gSA rqdhZ ds fu;a=k.k okys mÙkjh lkbçl dks fliQZ rqdhZ us gh ekU;rk ns j•h gSA rqdhZ ges'kk ;s rdZ nsrk jgk gS fd bl }hi ds çkÑfrd lalk/uksa ij mldk Hkh gd gS vkSj budk c¡Vokjk gksuk pkfg,A
3- dkuwuh fookn ¾ ,ft;u lkxj vkSj iwohZ Hkweè;lkxj esa xzhl ds dbZ }hi ,sls gSa] tks rqdhZ
ds rV ds fcYdqy ikl gSaA ,sls esa nksuks a ns'kks a ds chp ty{ks=k dks ysdj
tfVy fookn gSa vkSj dbZ ckj nksuks a ns'k ;q¼ ds eqgkus rd vk pqds gSaA
¾ ;fn xzhl varjjk"Vªh; dkuwu ds rgr vius ty{ks=k dks Ng ehy ls ysdj
12 ehy rd c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
22 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
Hkkjr ds ,LVªkslSV dh miyfC/07
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa iq.ks fLFkr baVj ;wfuoflZVh lsaVj iQkWj ,LVªksukWeh ,aM ,LVªksfiQftDl (IUCAA) us ,LVªkslSV
(AstroSat) uked cgqrjaxh; mixzg (Multi
wavelength Satellite) dh enn ls ,d vkdk'kxaxk
ls fudyus okyh rhoz ijkcSaxuh (;woh) fdj.k dk
irk yxk;k gSA ;g vkdk'kxaxk i`Foh ls 9-3 vjc
çdk'k o"kZ nwj gSA
¾ bl •kst ds fy, yxh varjjk"Vªh; oSKkfudksa dh Vhe dh vxqvkbZ Hkkjr dj jgk FkkA bl Vhe
esa Hkkjr ds vykok vesfjdk] Úkal] uhnjySaM]
fLoV~tjyS.M vkSj tkiku ds oSKkfud 'kkfey FksA
2- çeq• fcUnq ¾ Hkkjr dk igyk cgq rjaxnS?Z; mixzg] ,LVªkslSV esa ik¡p vf}rh; ,Dl&fdj.k
rFkk ijkcSaxuh nwjchu vuqc¼ :i ls dk;Zjr gSa rFkk mlus i`Foh ls 9-3
vjc çdk'k o"kks ± dh nwjh ij fLFkr ,;wMh,iQ,l 01 (AUDFs01) uked
vkdk'kxaxk ls vfr rhoz ijkcSaxuh fdj.k dk lalwpu fd;k gSA
¾ oSKkfudksa dh Vhe us ,LVªkslSV ls rhoz xgu {ks=k (Extreme Deep field) esa
fLFkr xSysDlh dk voyksdu fd;kA ;s voyksdu vDVwcj 2016 esa 28 ?kVksa
ls dqN T;knk le; ds fy, fd, x, Fks] ysfdu bu vkadM+ks a dk ckjhdh
ls vè;;u djus esa yxHkx nks lky dk le; yx x;kA
¾ bldh lcls cM+h otg ;g Fkh fd ;s ijkcSaxuh fofdj.k i`Foh ij vkus ls
igys gh vkstksu ijr }kjk vo'kksf"kr dj fy;k tkrk gS] blhfy, bl 'kks/
ds fy, varfj{k esa fLFkr VsyhLdksi dh enn ysuh iM+hA
¾ blls igys uklk dk gcy Lisl VsyhLdksi (HST) Hkh bu ijkcSaxuh fodj.k
dks idM+ ugha ik;k Fkk] tks fd ,d vYVªkok;ysV besftax VsyhLdksi (UVIT)
ls Hkh cM+k VsyhLdksi gSA bl ijkcSaxuh fdj.kks a dk ÅtkZ mRltZu vf/d
FkkA bldh ÅtkZ 13-6 eV ls Hkh T;knk Fkh] ysfdu nwjh dh otg ls ;g
,d cgqr gh /qa/yh fn•kbZ nhA
¾ ,LVªkslSV ;k UVIT bu fodj.kks a dks idM+us esa liQy gks ldk D;ksafd UVIT
fMVsDVj dh i`"BHkwfe dh vkokt gcy VsyhLdksi dh i`"BHkwfe dh vkokt
ls dkiQh de FkhA
3- oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj egRoiw.kZ gS ;g 'kks/ ¾ oSKkfudksa dk ekuuk gS fd dqN NksVh vkdk'k xaxk,a feYdh os vkdk'kxaxk
dh rqyuk esa 10&100 xq.kk vf/d xfr ls u, rkjks a dk fuekZ.k djrh gSaA
xkSjryc gS fd czãkaM dh vjcksa vkdk'kxaxkvksa esa cM+h la[;k esa ,slh NksVh
vkdk'kxaxk,a gSa ftudk æO;eku feYdh os vkdk'kxaxkvksa dh rqyuk 100
xq.kk de gSA
¾ nks Hkkjrh; nwjchuksa ds tfj, oSKkfudksa us vius vè;;u esa ik;k fd bu
vkdk'kxaxkvksa ds bl fofp=k O;ogkj dh otg muesa vO;ofLFkr gkbMªkstu
dk forj.k vkSj vkdk'kxaxkvksa ds chp dh VDdj gSA
¾ oSKkfudksa dk dguk gS fd gkbMªkstu fdlh Hkh rkjs ds fuekZ.k ds fy,
t:jh rRo gSA cM+h la[;k esa rkjks a ds fuekZ.k ds fy, vkdk'kxaxkvksa esa
gkbMªkstu ds mPp ?kuRo dh tj:r gksrh gSA
4- ,LVªkslSV D;k gS\
¾ ,LVªkslSV Hkkjr dh cgq rjaxnSè;Z nwjchu (India's
multi- wavelength space telescope) gSA ;g
oSKkfud mixzg fe'ku czãkaM dks vf/d foLr`r
:i esa le>us dk ç;kl djrk gSA bls 2015 esa bljks
}kjk ykWUp fd;k x;k FkkA
23 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1. flu VSDl ,d izdkj dk mRikn dj gSA
2. flu VSDl dks vfu"V dj ;k iki dj ds ukeksa ls Hkh tkuk
tkrk gSA
3- th,lVh (GST) dks 1 tqykbZ 2016 dks ykxw fd;k x;k FkkA
mi;qZDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) mi;qZDr lHkh
flu VSDl02
okjyh fp=kdyk01
iz- okjyh fp=kdyk fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1- okjyh fp=kdyk ds lanHkZ esa egkjk"Vª dh ,d tutkfr
ckjyh }kjk cukbZ tkrh gSA
2- okjyh fp=kdkjh ds fp=k HkhecsVdk dh 'kSyh xqiQkvksa ds
fp=k ds leku gSaA
3- o"kZ 1970 ds izkjaHk esa igyh ckj okjyh dyk ds ckjs esa
irk pyk FkkA
mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (d) mi;qZDr lHkh
mÙkj% (d)
O;k[;k% okjyh fp=kdyk ,d izkphu Hkkjrh; dyk gS] tks fd
egkjk"Vª dh ,d tutkfr okjyh }kjk cukbZ tkrh gSA bl fp=kdkjh ds
fp=k HkhecsVdk dh 'kSyh xqiQkvksa ds fp=k ds leku gSaA o"kZ 1970 ds
izkjaHk esa igyh ckj okjyh dyk ds ckjs esa irk pyk FkkA bl rjg rhuksa
dFku lR; gSa] vr% mÙkj (d) gksxkA
oLrqfu"B iz'u rFkk muds O;k[;k lfgr mÙkj
(czsu cwLVlZ ij vk/kfjr)7
lHkh ds fy, vke ernkrk lwph03
iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1. Hkkjr ds pquko vk;ksx dk xBu o"kZ 1961 esa fd;k x;k FkkA
2. dsUnzh; pquko vk;ksx LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ds pquko dks Hkh laiUu djkrk gSA
mi;qZDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuks a (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (d)
O;k[;k% Hkkjr ds pquko vk;ksx dk xBu 25 tuojh 1950 (u fd 1961) esa gqvk FkkA Hkkjr dk pquko vk;ksx vFkkZr dsUnzh; pquko vk;ksx yksdlHkk] jktlHkk] jkT; fo/kulHkk rFkk jkT; fo/ku ifj"kn ds pqukoksa dks laiUu djkrk gSA bl rjg nksuks a dFku xyr gSa] vr%
mÙkj (d) gksxkA
mÙkj% (a)
O;k[;k% flu VSDl ,d izdkj dk mRikn dj gS] tks fo'ks"k :i ls lekt vkSj O;fDr;ksa ds fy, gkfudkjd oLrqvksa ij yx;k tkrk gSA flu VSDl dks vfu"V dj ;k iki dj ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA th,lVh (GST) dks 1 tqykbZ 2017 dks ykxw fd;k x;k FkkA bl rjg
dFku 3 xyr gS] vr% mÙkj (a) gksxkA
jk"Vªh; LoPN ok;q dk;ZØe04
iz- jk"Vªh; LoPN ok;q dk;ZØe ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa
ij fopkj dhft,&
1- i;kZoj.k vkSj ou ea=kky; }kjk o"kZ 2024 rd ok;q iznw"k.k
esa 20&30» rd deh dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA
2- jk"Vªh; LoPN ok;q dk;ZØe dks o"kZ 2018 esa 'kq: fd;k
x;k FkkA
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
24 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
3- jk"Vªh; LoPN ok;q dk;ZØe dk mís'; ok;q iznw"k.k dh
jksdFkke] izca/u vkSj fu;a=k.k ds fy, ,d O;ogkj ;kstuk
rS;kj djuk gSA
mi;qZDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (d) mi;qZDr lHkh
mÙkj% (a)
O;k[;k% jk"Vªh; LoPN ok;q dk;ZØe dks o"kZ 2019 (u fd 2018)
esa 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA i;kZoj.k vkSj ou ea=kky; }kjk o"kZ 2024 rd ok;q
iznw"k.k esa 20&30» rd deh dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA jk"Vªh; LoPN ok;q
dk;ZØe dk mís'; ok;q iznw"k.k dh jksdFkke] izca/u vkSj fu;a=k.k ds fy,
,d O;ogkj ;kstuk rS;kj djuk gSA
fczDl buksos'ku csl05
iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1. vesfjdk us fczDl ns'kks a ds chp 5G vkSj vkfVZfiQf'k;y
baVsfytsal lg;ksx dks c
25 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
paæ;ku&3 ifj;kstuk01
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqla/ku laxBu
(bljks) ds çeq• us iqf"V dh gS fd paæek
ds fy, bljks ^paæ;ku&3 ifj;kstuk* ij
dke dj jgk gS vkSj bls 2021 rd ç{ksfir
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
paæ;ku&3
¥ paæ;ku&2 ds foifjr paæ;ku&3 esa
^vkWfcZVj* ugha gksxk] ysfdu blesa ,d
^ySaMj* vkSj ,d jksoj gksxkA
¥ paæ;ku&3] paæ;ku&2 dk gh iqu% vfHk;ku
gksxkA
¥ gkykafd] dksjksuk ok;jl egkekjh vkSj
ykWdMkmu us bljks dh dbZ ifj;kstukvksa dks
çHkkfor fd;k vkSj paæ;ku&3 tSls vfHk;ku
esa nsj gqbZA
¥ paæ;ku&2 dh paæek dh lrg ij gkMZ
ySafMax ds ckn Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqla/ku
laxBu (bljks) us 2020 ds var rd ,d
vU; vfHk;ku (paæ;ku&3) dks ykap djus
dh ;kstuk cukbZ Fkh ysfdu dksjksuk ds
pyrs vc ;g vfHk;ku 2021 esa ykap
fd;k tk,xkA
paæ;ku&2
¥ paæ;ku&2 dks 22 tqykbZ] 2019 dks ç{ksfir
fd;k x;k FkkA
¥ blds paæek ds nf{k.kh èkzqo ij mrjus dh
;kstuk FkhA ysfdu ySaMj foØe us lkr
flracj dks gkMZ ySafMax dh vkSj vius çFke
ç;kl esa gh i`Foh ds mixzg dh lrg dks
Nwus dk Hkkjr dk liuk VwV x;k FkkA
¥ gkykafd paæ;ku&2 vfHk;ku ds rgr Hkstk
x;k vkfcZVj vPNk dke dj jgk gS vkSj
tkudkjh Hkst jgk gSA
paæ;ku&1
¥ paæ;ku&1 dks o"kZ 2008 esa ç{ksfir fd;k
x;k FkkA
¥ gky gh esa ^paæ;ku&1* vfHk;ku us dqN
fp=k Hksts gSa tks çnf'kZr djrs gSa fd paæek
ds èkzqoksa ij tax lk yxrk fn• jgk gSA
¥ uklk (NASA) ds oSKkfudksa us paæ;ku&1 ds
}kjk Hksth x;h rLohjksa ds vk/kj ij dgk
gS fd ,slk gks ldrk gS fd i`Foh dk
okrkoj.k paæek dh Hkh j{kk dj jgk gksA
¥ paæ;ku&1 ds }kjk Hksts x, vkadM+ksa ls ;g
Hkh ladsr feyrk gS fd paæek ds nf{k.kh èkzqo
ij ikuh gks ldrk gSA ���
egRoiw.kZ [kcjsa7
^Øk dSuky çkstsDV* (Kra Canal Project)02
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa FkkbZySaM ljdkj us phu ds lkFk gqvk ^Øk dSuky çkstsDV* (Kra Canal project) jí dj fn;k gSA
çeq• fcUnq
¥ dqN fnu iwoZ FkkbZySaM ljdkj us phu ls iuMqCch lkSnk Hkh Vky fn;k FkkA
¥ FkkbZySaM us phu ds Øk duky (Kra Canal)
çkWtsDV dks dSaly dj fn;k gS ftlls mls
LVªsV vkWiQ eyDdk ls jkLrk feyuk vc
eqf'dy gks x;k gSA
¥ mYys•uh; gS fd iwohZ yík• dh xyoku
?kkVh esa ruko ds ckn Hkkjr us ;gha ij vius
tgkt rSukr dj fn, FksA
Øk dSuky çkstsDV
¥ ^Øk dSuky çkstsDV*] nf{k.kh FkkbZySaM esa
mifLFkr ̂ Øk LFkyMe:eè;* (Kra Isthmus)
dks xgjk djds ifjogu gsrq lqxe cukuk
FkkA
¥ o"kZ 2015 esa blds fy, FkkbZySaM o phu
ljdkj us le>kSrk fd;k FkkA bls 102
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
26 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
uhys vkleku gsrq varjjk"Vªh; LoPN ok;q fnol03
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa la;qÙkQ jk"Vªh la?k (;w,uvks) ds
vkÞoku ij 7 flracj] 2020 dks igyk
^uhys vkleku gsrq igys varjjk"Vªh; LoPN
ok;q fnol* (International Day of Clean Air
for blue skies) euk;k x;kA
^uhys vkleku gsrq igys varjjk"Vªh; LoPN ok;q fnol*
¥ 19 fnlacj 2019 dks la;qÙkQ jk"Vª egklHkk
us 2020 ls gj lky 7 flracj dks ^uhys
vkleku gsrq varjkZ"Vªh; LoPN ok;q fnol*
eukus dk ,d elkSnk Lohdkj fd;k FkkA
¥ la;qÙkQ jk"Vª egklHkk us 19 fnlacj] 2019
dks vius 74 osa l=k ds nkSjku ̂ uhys vkleku
gsrq varjkZ"Vªh; LoPN ok;q fnol* eukus dk
çLrko viuk;k vkSj la;qÙkQ jk"Vª i;kZoj.k
dk;ZØe (UNEP) dks vU; çklafxd laxBuksa
ds lkFk feydj varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij bl
fnol euk, tkus dk vkokÉ fd;k FkkA
¥ ^uhys vkleku gsrq varjkZ"Vªh; LoPN ok;q
fnol* dks euk, tkus dk mís'; O;fÙkQxr]
lkeqnkf;d] dkWikZsjsV] ljdkj vkfn lHkh
Lrjksa ds lkFk&lkFk vketu esa Hkh LoPN
ok;q o i;kZoj.k tkx:drk c
27 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
igyk fo'o lkSj çkS|ksfxdh f'k[kj lEesyu (MCY;w,lVh,l)04
¥ Hkkjr esa vc ch,l&VI ekudksa dks viuk;k x;k gS vkSj xq.koÙkk okys isVªksy vkSj Mhty miyC/ djk, x, gSa] tks çnw"k.k ls yM+us ds fy, ,d egRoiw.kZ igy gSA
¥ fiNys dqN o"kks± esa ljdkj }kjk lM+dksa vkSj jktekxks± dk fuekZ.k fjdkWMZ xfr ls fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj blds dkj.k fiNys le; dh rqyuk esa çnw"k.k de gks jgk gSA
lq>ko
¥ jkT;ksa dks vc 'kgj dsafær ;kstukvksa ds lkFk dke djuk pkfg, D;ksafd gj 'kgj esa çnw"k.k ds vyx&vyx lzksr gSaA
¥ i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky;
dk dguk gS fd bysfDVªd okguksa ds mi;ksx
dks çksRlkfgr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
¥ fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa bZaV Hkêòksa dks muesa ls
fudyus okys çnw"k.k dks de djus ds fy,
ftx&tSx rduhd viukuh pkfg,A
¥ i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky;
dk dguk gS fd gok dks LoPN djus
ds fy, yksxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh vko';d gSA
dkj&iwfyax vkSj lkoZtfud ifjogu ds
mi;ksx dks c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
28 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
lkekftd U;k; vkSj vf/dkfjrk foHkkx dh dk;Z ;kstuk06
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa lkekftd U;k; ,oa vf/dkfjrk
ea=kky; us lkekftd U;k; vkSj vf/dkfjrk
foHkkx dh lHkh ;kstukvksa dh ^dk;Z ;kstuk
2020&21* tkjh dh gSA
ifjp;
¥ gky gh esa dsUæh; lkekftd U;k; vkSj
vf/dkfjrk ea=kh us lkekftd U;k; vkSj
vf/dkfjrk foHkkx dh lHkh ;kstukvksa dh 33
dk;Z ;kstukvksa okyh ,d iqLrd tkjh dhA
¥ ;g iqLrd lkekftd U;k; vkSj vf/dkfjrk
foHkkx dh lHkh ;kstukvksa ds fy, 33
okf"kZd dk;Z ;kstukvksa dk ,d laxzg gSA
¥ ;g igyh ckj gqvk gS fd lkekftd U;k;
vkSj vf/dkfjrk foHkkx us çR;sd ;kstuk
jk"Vªh; ckal fe'ku (,uch,e)05
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa Ñf"k ,oa fdlku dY;k.k
ea=kky; us 9 jkT;ksa (eè; çns'k] vle]
dukZVd] ukxkySaM] f=kiqjk] vksfM'kk] xqtjkr]
mÙkjk•aM o egkjk"Vª) ds 22 ckal DyLVjksa
dh 'kq:vkr dh gSA
¥ blds lkFk gh ea=kky; us jk"Vªh; ckal fe'ku
(,uch,e) ds yksxks dk Hkh foekspu fd;kA
egRoiw.kZ fcUnq
¥ ckal] xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds fdlku vkSj m|ksx ds
fy, leku :i ls egRoiw.kZ jgk gSA
¥ ns'k esa ,d cM+k jdck ,slk gS tgka iQlyksa
dh •srh ugha gks ldrh ysfdu ckal dk
mRiknu fd;k tk ldrk gSA es
29 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
dh ,d O;khid ^dk;Z ;kstuk 2020&21*
fu/kZfjr dh gSA
mís';
¥ bldk mís'; dsUæhk; ea=kky; vkSj Hkkx
ysus okys xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa ds fy, Li"V
y{; vkSj ç;kstu fu/kZfjr djuk gSA
¥ bls vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vU;u fiNM+s oxks±]
ofj"Bd ukxfjdksa] u'khyh nokvksa ds f'kdkj
O;kfÙkQ;ksa] VªkaltsaMjksa] foeqÙkQk ?kqearw vkSj
v/Z ?kqearw tutkfr;ksa ls lacaf/r O;kfÙkQksa
ds vkfFkZd] 'kSf{kd fodkl vkSj lkekftd
l'kfÙkQdj.k ds fy, rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA
¥ Hkkjr ljdkj lekos'kh lekt ds fuekZ.k ds
fotu dks vftZr djus ds fy, çfrc¼ gS
ftlesa okf"kZd dk;Z ;kstuk 2020&21 ds
rgr xjhc vkSj gkf'k, ij ekStwn lewgksa ds
lnL;ksao dks 'kSf{kd] vkfFkZd] lkekftd
fodkl vkSj iquokZl laca/h dk;ks± ds }kjk
l'kÙkQks cuk;k tkrk gSA
lkekftd U;k; vkSj vf/dkfjrk foHkkx dh ;kstuk,¡
¥ vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa vkSj vU; fiNM+s oxks±
ds fy, fu%'kqYd dksfpax] vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa
ds fy, jk"Vªha; iQsyksf'ki vkSj vuqlwfpr
tkfr;ksa ds fy, 'kh"kZ Js.kh dh f'k{kk %
¥ vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa ds fy, mPp; Js.kh
f'k{kk Nk=ko`fÙk ;kstuk] vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa
o vU;; fiNM+s oxks± ds fy, fu%'kqYdks
dksfpax ;kstuk rFkk vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa ds fy, jk"Vªh; çoklh Nk=ko`fÙk ;kstuk ds fy, lgk;rk dh ik=krk gsrq vk; lhek dks 6 yk• ls c
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
30 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
MksjLVsi cSafdax vkSj bZt cSafdax lq/kj lwpdkad07
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa dsaæh; foÙk ea=kky; us MksjLVsi cSafdax lsokvksa dk mn~?kkVu fd;k vkSj bZt cSafdax lq/kj lwpdkad ij lcls vPNk çn'kZu djus okys cSadksa dks lEekfur fy;kA
MksjLVsi cSafdax lsok (Doorstep Banking Service)
¥ Hkkjr esa cSadksa rd ns'k ds gj ukxfjd dh igqap lqfuf'pr gks lds ] blds fy, yxkrkj ç;kl fd, tk jgs gSa_ bl dM+h esa vc ljdkjh cSadksa dh MksjLVsi cSafdax lsok (Doorstep Banking Service) 'kq: dh xbZ gSA
¥ MksjLVsi cSafdax lsok ds }kjk xzkgd ?kj cSBs vius cSad •krs esa iSlk tek djuk] iSlk fudkyuk] pkSd tek djuk ;k blls tqM+s vU; dke (Banking Services) vklkuh ls dj ldrs gSaA bu mi;ksxh lsokvksa ds fy,
cSad •qn pydj xzkgdksa ds ?kj rd tkrk
gSA
¥ MksjLVsi cSafdax lsok dh 'kq#vkr Hkkjrh;
fjtoZ cSad us dqN o"kZ iwoZ dh FkhA
¥ ifCyd lsDVj cSadksa us ,d lkFk feydj
,d dkWeu lfoZl çksokbMj j•k] tks muds
xzkgdksa rd lsok,a igqapk ldsA
¥ MksjLVsi cSafdax lsok ds rgr cSad xzkgdksa
dks ?kj cSBs psd] fMekaM MªkÝV] is vkWMZj
fid djus tSlh ukWu iQkbusf'k;y lfoZl
ds lkFk iSlksa ds ysu&nsu ls tqM+h lsok Hkh
eqgS;k djk,axsA
bZt cSafdax lq/kj lwpdkad ( EASE Banking Reforms Index)
¥ bZt cSafdax lq/kj lwpdkad dk mís'; ljdkjh cSadksa esa LoPN vkSj LekVZ cSafdax dks laLFkkxr cukuk gSA
¥ bls tuojh 2018 esa ykWUp fd;k x;k FkkA � � �
lll
lll
¥ ;kstuk ds rgr lHkh ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks 'kkfey
djus ds fy, ,d dsUæh ; MsVkcsl fodflr
fd;k tk,xkA
vU; fiNM+sa oxks± ds fy, iksLV eSfVªd Nk=ko`fÙk%
¥ dsUæs ls /u dks lgt :i ls tkjh djus ds fy, jkT; dk;Z ;kstuk dks t:jh cuk;k x;k gSA
¥ ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k 35 yk• rd c
31 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
egRoiw.kZ vH;kl iz'u(eq[; ijh{kk gsrq) 7
jk"Vªh; HkrhZ ,tsUlh D;k gS\ ;g ukSdfj;ksa dh HkrhZ izfØ;k dks ikjn'khZ cukus esa dgk¡ rd l{ke gS\ ppkZ djsaA07
rqdhZ vkSj xzhl ds chp mRiUu fookn Hkweè; lkxj esa 'kfDr larqyu ds cnyrs Lo:i dk ifj.kke gSA fVIi.kh djsaA01
gky gh esa lHkh ds fy, vke ernkrk lwph ij ppkZ rst gks xbZ gSA pquko lq/kjksa ds lanHkZ esa bl ij foLrkj ls ppkZ djsaA02
iz/kuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk D;k gS\ ;g ;kstuk ,d xjhc ifjokj dks fdl izdkj izHkkfor fd;k gS\ mYys[k djsaA03
ljdkj }kjk reke vkfFkZd lq/kjksa ds okotwn Hkh vkfFkZd Lora=krk lwpdkad esa Hkkjr dh fLFkfr larks"ktud ugha gSA bl lwpdkad esa Hkkjr dh fuEu fLFkfr ds dkj.kksa ij ppkZ djsaA
04
iz/kuea=kh eRL; laink ;kstuk D;k gS\ ;g ;kstuk eRL; m|ksx ds fodkl esa fdl izdkj lgk;d gksxh\ fooj.k nasA05
uSfrdrk fliQZ vke vkneh esa gh ugha cfYd lSfudksa dk Hkh ,d ewyHkwr xq.k gksuk pkfg,A blls vki fdruk lger gS\ vius i{k esa rdZ nsaA
06
01 03 05
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
32 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02
01 04 06
EASE 2.0 baMsDl osQ vuqlkj fdl lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ cSad us ^VkWi ijiQkWfeZax cSaDl* Js.kh esa igyk LFkku çkIr fd;k gS\01
Hkkjr ljdkj osQ fdl ea=kky; }kjk 11 flracj dks ^jk"Vªh; ou 'kghn fnol* osQ :i esa ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k \03
^bafnjk xkaèkh 'kkafr iqjLdkj&2019* ls fdls lEekfur fd;k x;k gS\ 06
fdl ns'k us iQthZ lwpukvksa ls cpus osQ fy, ^vlksy phuh* ;k ^ fj;y&'kqxj* uke ls ,d vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;k gS\02
ckaXykns'k
i;Zkoj.k] ou vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu
ea=kky;
çèkkuea=kh eRL; laink ;kstuk
xqtjkr
MsfoM ,Vucjks
gfj;k.kk
^LVkVZvi bdksflLVe osQ leFkZu ij jkT;ksa dh jSafoaQx* (Ranking of States on Support to Startup Ecosystems) osQ nwljs laLdj.k osQ vuqlkj] dkSu lk jkT; X Js.kh esa loZJs"B çn'kZu djus okyk gS\
05
gky gh esa osQaæ ljdkj }kjk eRL; ikyu dks c
33 flrEcj&2020 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
02 03 05
euq"; dk O;ogkj rhu phtksa ls curk gS &pkgr] Hkkouk,a vkSj tkudkjhA01
bZ'oj us lalkj dks deZ ç/ku cuk j[kk gS] blesa tks euq"; tSlk deZ djrk gS mldks] oSlk gh iQy çkIr gksrk gSA03
f'k{kk oks gS tks Ldwy esa fl[kkbZ x;h phtksa dks Hkwy tkus ds ckn cprh gSA06
fdlh Hkh fe'ku dh liQyrk ds fy,] jpukRed usr`Ro vko';d gSA02
MkW ,ihts vCnqy dyke
xksLokeh rqylhnkl
vjLrq
vYcVZ vkbaLVhu
tokgj yky usg:
esjk /eZ ns'k dh lsok djuk gSA05
vPNk O;ogkj lHkh xq.kksa dk lkj gSA04
vxj vki pkgrs gSa fd vkidk dk;Z liQy gks rks mls Li"V y{; dh rjiQ funZsf'kr dhft;sA07
IysVks
egRoiw.kZ mfDr;k¡(fuca/ rFkk mÙkj ys[ku esa mi;ksxh)7
Hkxr flag
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Phone No: 011-47354625/ 26 , 9205274741/42, 011-49274400
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0 contents page.pdf1. Articles.pdf2. Brain Boosters.pdf3. MCQs.pdf4. News.pdf5. Maisn Question.pdf6. Facts.pdf7. Quotes.pdf8. last page.pdf
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