Digital Libraries Initiatives in India Concepts, Cases and Emerging Issues Dr. Jagdish Arora...

Digital Libraries Initiatives in India

Concepts, Cases and Emerging Issues

Dr. Jagdish AroraDirector

INFLIBNET Centre, Ahmedabadhttp://www.inflibnet.ac.in/

April 20, 2009 Workshop on Institutional Repositories 2

Digital Library Initiatives in India: Presentation Outline

Models of publishing: Print V/s Electronic

Challenges & Opportunities

Funding for Digital Library in India

Digital Library and Open Access Publishing (OAP)

Potential for Digital Library Initiatives in India

Current Digital Library initiatives in India: Examples

Digital Library Model for India

Conclusion

Libraries

Authors

Publishers

$$ $$ $

Reviewers

Current Model of scholarly publications

(text-based)Index Services

Repositories

Authors

Publishers

Libraries

$$ $ $ $ $

Reviewers

Scholarly Publications in Electronic Environment

Authors/ReviewersCommentators/Users

Text, image, video,spatial, etc., access services

Repository services

Collaboration “services”

Dissemination services

New services

Scholarly Publications in Electronic Environment in a Fully Distributed Model

Challenges & Opportunities [1]

Building digital collections of national importance from

existing texts, documents, images . . .

Creating new digital documents & linking them

Subject portals: Selecting and maintaining open source

digital resources

Developing / adapting management tools for digital

collections

Providing access to digital collections

Challenges & Opportunities … [2]

Integrating digital & other library collections

incl. integration of OPACs, subscribed e-resources and subject

portals

Establishing services for digital libraries

online access & offline support

education & training of users and librarians

Addressing social, legal, policy issues

Outsourcing digitization and services

Potential of Open Access Digital Library [1]

Large number non-commercial R&D institutions in India

2,900 (R&D Directory, NSTMIS, DST, 2001)

Academic institutions:

Universities (graduate, research): 310

Teachers in University: 75,000 (2003-04)

Colleges: 18,437 (as on 31/3/2005)

Total Number of Teachers: ~ 4,00,000 +

Total Enrolment - 2004-2005 (for regular courses)

Researchers: 75,516

Post-Graduates: 8,56,335

Graduates: 9,467,535

Diploma / Certificate: 81,656

Potential of Public Domain / Open Access Digital Library [2]

Total Indian Journals : 14,50

Technical Reports : 8,236 / year

Theses and Dissertations : 11,451 / year

Research Papers : 19,572 / year

Patents: Applications File Patents Granted Patents In-force

8,387 1,318 8,025

Conferences : 800 –1000 / year

Standards : 17,600

Books : 904 / year

Total No. of Books (Published in India Till 2001) : 49,553

Potential of Public Domain / Open Access Digital Library [3]

R&D labs under govt. science agencies

Industrial research (CSIR)

Defense research (DRDO)

Agricultural research (ICAR)

Medical research (ICMR)

Biotechnology (DBT)

Environment (Deptt. of Environment & Forestry)

S&T (DST)

IT (MIT)

Space (Deptt. of Space)

Energy (Deptt. Of Non-conventional Energy Resources)

Ocean Development (Dept. of Ocean Development)

Potential of Open Access Digital Library [4]

About 50 billion Rupees is being spent annually on

research and development in our country.

The third largest scientific and technical manpower in

the World, accounts for 3% of the world’s publication

output.

It is estimated that there are 3,000-4,000 active

scientists in India working in about 200 laboratories

Number of S&T personnel has been increasing @6% /

*Pursuit and Promotion of Science: The Indian Experience. Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi (p74). 2001.

Digital Library Support in India

1. Funding

Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD)

Department of Scientific & Industrial Research

(DSIR-TRP)

All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)

Ministry of Communication & Information

Technology (MIT)

University Grants Commission (UGC)

Manuscript Mission

Digital Library Initiatives in India

Some Examples

Digital Library Initiatives in India

Library Consortium in India

Scholarly Science Journals

Theses & Dissertations

Institutional E-Print Archives

Books (out of copyright)

Manuscripts

Newspapers

Online Courseware

Open Access at Metadata Level

Portal and Gateway Services

Library Consortium in India

Major Library Consortium in India

INDEST-AICTE Consortium (Govt.-funded)

CSIR E-Journals Consortium (Govt.-funded)

UGC Infonet Consortium (Govt.-funded)

DAE Consortium (Govt.-funded)

MCIT Consortium (Govt.-funded)

IIM Libraries Consortium

FORSA Consortium

INDEST-AICTE Consortium

The Ministry of Education (MHRD) provides funds to the

Consortium:

For subscription to electronic resources for

institutes funded by it; and

For operational cost of the Consortium.

Open-ended Consortium: Self- supported institutions +

Member institutions

INDEST Consortium: MembersMembers

Core Members 38 (Funds for e-resources through MHRD)

Members with AICTE Support 63

Self-supported Members 459

Total 560

INDEST-AICTE Consortium: Increase in Membership

64 6338 38 38 38

60 6317 50 75

176152115

0100200300400500600

2003 2004 2005 2006

MHRD AICTE Self-supported Total

INDEST Consortium: E-resourcesFull-text Resources

ABI / INFORM Complete

ACM Digital Library

ASCE Journals*

ASME Journals*

ASTM Journals & Standards

Capitaline

CRIS INFAC Ind. Information

EBSCO’s Business Source Premier

Emerald Insight

Euromonitor (GMID)

IEL Online*

Indian Standards

Full-text Resources

INSIGHT NatureProquest Science Science Direct Springer’s Link*DEL (New)ESDU (New)

Bibliographic Databases

COMPENDEXINSPECWeb of ScienceSciFinder ScholarMathSciNetJCCC

CSIR E-Journal Consortium

Funded by the Deptt. of Scientific and Industrial

Research (DSIR)

Administered by the NISCAIR, New Delhi

Restricted to 38 CSIR Laboratories

Has agreement with 11 publishers for providing

access to selective access to 3,316 e-journals to 38

scientific laboratories

UGC-Infonet E-Journals Consortium

Funded by the University Grants Commission

Administered by the Information and Library Network

(INFLIBNET) Centre, Ahmedabad

Benefits 150 universities as in 2006. Likely to be

extended to all universities (200) as well as to selected

colleges

Has agreement with 25 publishers for providing

access to 4,000 e-journals to 150 universities

DAE Consortium

Funded by the Deptt. of Atomic Energy (DAE)

Administered by the BARC, Mumbai

Restricted to 36 DAE institutions including BARC and

Has agreement with 4 publishers (including Science

Direct, Springer, MathSciNet) for providing access to

2000 e-journals

MCIT Consortium

Funded by the Deptt. Communication and Information

Technology (MCIT)

Administered by the C-DOT, New Delhi

Restricted to 18 institutions under MCIT including NIC,

CDAT and CDOT

Has agreement with 5 publishers (including IEL,

Science Direct, ACM, EBSCO, JCC) for providing

access to 2000 e-journals

FORSA Consortium

Fundings from member institutions

Administered by the members libraries (by rotation)

Restricted to 10 institutions including TIFR, PRL,

IUCAA, etc.

Has agreement with 4 publishers (including Springer,

Nature, IoP, etc.)

Scholarly Science Journals

Scholarly Science Journals . . . [1]

Indian Academy of Sciences (IAS)

Established: 1934

Organizes meetings, discussions, seminars,

symposia and publishes 11 journals.

All journals web accessible

Digitization of issues right from the first volume is

under way

http://www.ias.ac.in/

Scholarly Science Journals . . . [2]IAS Journals available online:

Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Chemical Sciences

(www.ias.ac.in/chemsci)

Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Mathematical Sciences

(www.ias.ac.in/mathsci)

Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Earth and Planetary

Sciences (www.ias.ac.in/epsci)

Sadhana (Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences)

(www.ias.ac.in/sadhana)

Pramana - Journal of Physics (www.ias.ac.in/pramana)

Journal of Biosciences (www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci)

Bulletin of Materials Science (www.ias.ac.in/matersci)

Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy (www.ias.ac.in/jaa)

Journal of Genetics (www.ias.ac.in/jgenet)

Resonance - Journal of Science Education (www.ias.ac.in/resonance)

Current Science (www.ias.ac.in/currsci)

http://www.ias.ac.in/

Indian National Science Academy (INSA)

Established: 1935

Publish journals, organize scientific discussions and bring out

proceedings and monographs

DSIR supported project for digitizing and web hosting of INSA

journals:

Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Mathematics

Proceedings of INSA A Physical Sciences

Proceedings of INSA B Biological Sciences

Indian Journal of History of Science

http://www.insa.ac.in/

MedIND: Biomedical Journals from India

(http://medind.nic.in/): Full-text of 31 Journals Indexed

in IndMED.

Project supported by the Indian MEDLARS Centre,

National Informatics Centre (NIC)

http://medind.nic.in/

Electronic Theses & Dissertation (ETD)

ETD @ IIT Delhi

Initiated as projects with grants received from the Ministry of

Human Resource Development & Deptt. of Biotechnology

1200+ Ph.D. theses scanned

Electronic submission of theses approved by the Institute senate

D-Space Configured for submission and access

More than 25,000 pages of old volumes of journals were

scanned; available on Institute Intranet

Scanned Journal Articles @ IIT Delhi

Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad

E-version of thesis available for last four years

Plans to cover last 7 years

ETD @ IIT Bombay

Submission commenced in 1999 for M.Tech. Dissertations

and Ph.D. theses

More than 3,500 deposits as on date

Bibliographic data along with abstracts available to all

Full-text of theses and dissertations available on Intranet

http://www.library.iitb.ac.in/

Vidyanidhi

A digital library initiative for digitizing and hosting

theses and dissertations

Dept. of L&IS, University of Mysore

Supported by DSIR, GOI

Part of global ETD initiative

Develop workflows, DTD, multilingual support…

http://www.vidyanidhi.org.in/

Vidyanidhi: www.vidhyanidhi.org.in

Institutional Repositories

Institutional E-Print Archives

eprints@iisc

E-Print archive of Indian Institute of Science,

Bangalore

Online digital repository of IISc research papers

Research papers (preprints, post-prints), book

chapters, tech reports, unpublished findings, conf

papers, magazine articles

Set up using eprints.org open source software

Part of worldwide institutional e-print archives

http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/

eprints@iisc

Institutional E-prints Archives under INDEST Initiative

INDEST Consortium promotes establishment of e-print archives

at its member institutions under “INDEST Extended”. Training

imparted to participants from 22 institutions at NCSI, IISc,

Bangalore. Institutional E-prints Archives has already been

established at:

IIT Delhi (www.eprint.iitd.ac.in/)

IIT Bombay (www.library.iitb.ac.in/~mnj/etd/)

IIT Kharagpur (intranet)

IIIT Allahabad (eprints.iiita.ac.in/)

IIM Kozikode (http://eprints.iimk.ac.in/)

Librarian’s Digital Library

Established at DRTC, Bangalore by Dr. A.R.D. Prasad

Open to the entire community of Librarians

Powered by DSPACE

The depository contains:

Publications / Articles

Theses / Dissertations

Powerpoint Presentations

Demo of Multi-lingual Documents

Photographs of LIS activities

Photographs of DR. S.R. Ranganathan

Electronic Books

Universal Digital Library Project (http://www.dli.gov.in/)

Portal on Digital Library of India launched in Sept., 2003 by the

President of India, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. The portal has more

than 27,000 books in digitized form.

Goal: Free-to-read, searchable collection of one million books

(out-of-copyright)

Test bed for research - language processing, indexing, search

and retrieval

Support from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) coordinated in

India by Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

Digital Library of India

http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/

National Science Digital Library (NISCAIR)

Books being written by authors from universities

under contract with NISCAIR

National Library Kolkota

Books (<1900, Indian <1920)

6600 Titles, 2.5 M pages, 548 CDs

Bengali Journal (Prabasi)

East India Company Records

Many Diaries

Newspapers

Times of India (epaper):

http://epaperdaily.timesofindia.com/

Complete News paper with all city additions

Current + 6 days

Plans to charge Rs. 50 per month and Rs 5000 per

month for archives in Pdf

Other newspapers with e-archives include: Hindustan

Times, Hindu, Indian Express, Anand Bazar Patrika,

Enadu, etc.

Online Courseware&

Online CoursewareNational Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)

(http://www.nptel.iitm.ernet.in/)

MHRD-sponsored programme

Executed by all IITs & IISc

Aimed at developing curriculum-based video and web courses

( at least 200)

Several web-based courses already available from web-sites of

participating institutions

Online Courseware Directory in IT at IIT Delhi (Ministry of

Information Technology-sponsored Project)

National Chemical Laboratory (NCL)

National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms

(NCIM)

Culture collection of around 3700 strains of

algae, bacteria, fungi and yeast

Free access to all related data

http://www.ncl-india.org/ncim/

National Centre for Biodiversity Informatics

Indian biodiversity informatics

http://www.ncbi.org.in

Manuscripts

ManuscriptsIndia has the largest collection of manuscripts in the world (5 million Approximately).

India is the repository of an astounding wealth of ancient knowledge belonging to different periods of history, going back to thousands of years. Most of this knowledge belonging to different areas of intellectual activity such as religion, philosophy, science, arts and literature is preserved in the form of manuscripts. Composed in different Indian languages and scripts, they are preserved in materials such as birch bark, palm leaf, cloth, wood, stone and paper.

National Manuscript Mission was launched five-year programme

in Feb., 2003 by the Ministry of Human Resource Development,

Govt. of India to get all the manuscripts and conserve them.

http://namami.nic.in/

Archives of Indian Labour

V.V. Giri National Labour Institute

Heritage of Indian Working Class

Commissions on Labour

Oral History Collections

Trade Union Collections

Regional Collections

Strike Collections

Powered by Green Stone Digital

Library

http://www.indialabourarchives.org/

National Library Kolkota

Manuscripts (Work in Progress)

Paper –3000, Palm Leaf-334

Open Access Initiatives at Metadata Level

National Informatics Centre (NIC)

INDMED – Bibliographic database of Indian

biomedical literature – 75 Indian journals

http://indmed.nic.in/

INFLIBNET

Resource sharing network of Indian universities –

UGC programme

Databases – P.D. theses, experts, R&D projects…

http://web.inflibnet.ac.in/

Open Access DL at Metadata Level

DELNET

Resource sharing network of libraries within &

outside Delhi region

Several Database – Books, Periodicals, Articles,

Dissertations & Theses, Experts, Others

http:/www.delnet.nic.in

http://delnet.nic.in/

Other Library Networks: CALIBNET, BONET, PUNET,

ADINET, etc.

http://indmed.nic.in/

Other Major Initiatives

Other Major Initiatives . . . [1]

Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)

http://203.200.90.71/IndiaTkdl/index.asp

Focus on preservation of community knowledge resources for

posterity

To give legitimacy to the existing traditional knowledge and

enable protection of such information from getting patented from

India’s traditional knowledge systems

Joint Venture of National Institute of Science Communication

and Information Resources (NISCAIR) and Department of Indian

Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy (ISM&H)

Documentation of this existing knowledge to be made available

in public domain, on various traditional systems of medicine

National Health Information Collaboration (NHIC)

WHO/ ICMR project - Heath InterNetwork India

Portal for Indian health data and information

Free open source software under development

URDIP: CSIR Unit for Research & Development for Information Products

Open access to Indian patents and medicinal plants

Central Secretariat Library

Major Project - Gazette of India (post independence only; pre-

independence in microfilm format with British Library, London)

Annual Reports

Khuda Baksh Oriental Library

Activities being initiated to archive valuable centuries old

special collection

Manuscripts – Around 4 Lakh pages

National Library, Kolkata

Activities initiated to archive valuable special collection and

brittle books

Scanning and archiving of rare English books and documents

published before 1900 and Indian publications of pre 1920 are

considered for digitization.

Pilot Project – 6600 selected books in Indian and English

languages have already been scanned and stored on CDs

(total of over 25,00,000 pages) (www.nlindia.org)

Digitization of Records of Fellow of INSA (INSA)

Special Collection archived by the INSA library

Archived in print format since last over six

decades

Digitization - initiated in 1998-99

Full-text Data stored in TIFF (compressed) with

database containing adequate search parameters

Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts (IGNCA)

The Pioneering Digital Treasure of Arts

(http://www.ignca.nic.in)

Digital Images

Manuscripts in India

Multimedia Documentation

Video & Audio Recordings

Papers and Essays

Animations and Walk throughs

Research Reports

Databases; Conference Proceedings

Nalanda Digital Library at NIT Calicut

E-books

E-Journals (Open Access)

Requests for Comments (RFC)

E-theses

Digitization of Debates of Parliaments

All debates, questions, committee reports, biodata of present

and past MPs including photographs and addresses, etc.

have been digitized and available on the Web

(http://parliamentofIndian.nic.in/)

Gateway services for open access resources

SciGate: Science Information Portal (IISc)

AeroInfo: Aerospace Virtual Library (NAL)

Biotech Portal @ IIT Delhi

Library Portal @ IIT Kharagpur

Open Access Digital Library Model for India… [1]

A Proposal

Evolve a national network of distributed, inter-

operable, open access digital repositories of S&T

research material

Institutional digital repositories

Open access science journals, conferences…

Network with global open access services

Steps towards Realizing the Model

Academic & R&D institutions: Set up online digital

repositories of their research output

Science journals (academic and R&D institutions, and

professional societies) - adopt open access publishing

Establish new online-only open access journals

Areas of local strength (e.g. agriculture, medicine)

Graduate student journals

Incorporate peer review / quality control

Operation of the model

Digital repositories - act as data providers and

expose their metadata for harvesting

Use freely available OAI compliant software (e.g.

DSpace, ePrint.org, CERN CDSWare, OJS,

Greenstone DL) or develop necessary support

Service providers - harvest metadata from the

repositories and offer variety of services at national

IIT Delhi

INDEST

Role of libraries

Establish and operate institutional repositories

Support researchers with open access publishing

activities

Best suited to provide document preparation and

content management expertise

Conclusion

Digital Libraries are redefining the role of libraries in society &

the role of librarians & information specialists

National level mechanism is essential to promote and coordinate

open access and public domain digital library systems

Improve awareness of open access

Regular training – tools, processes, standards

Support setting up of working models, services

National Resource Centre for open access publishing

International agencies like UNESCO, ICSU, ICSTI, CODATA need

to actively promote and support developing country initiatives

“War is too important a matter to be left to the generals.”

Georges Clemenceau

Digital libraries are too important to be left to any one discipline, any one agency

Digital Libraries Initiatives in India Concepts, Cases and Emerging Issues Dr. Jagdish Arora...

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