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National School for Political and Administrative Studies
The Diplomatic Conflict between the
Republic of Moldova and Romania,
January 2007- February 2008
Professor: Iulian Chifu
Student: Tatiana Drăguţan
Master Program: International Relations:
Foreign Policy of Romania,
1st year
Bucharest
-February, 2008-
Content:
I. Selecting the case and establishing the relevant temporal framework
II. Describing the historical and political background
III. Main issues of the conflict and their detailed presentation
a. The Framework Agreement or Basic Treaty
b. The Border Treaty
c. Harsh statements of the Moldovan president. Declarations of unification of
his Romanian counterpart
d. Moldovan identity
e. Citizenship issue
f. Romanian visas and the issue of additional consulates in the Republic of
Moldova
g. Religious issues: The Conflict between the two Metropolitan Churches
h. Expulsion of the Romanian diplomats, visits of the high ranking officials,
problems at the borders
i. Financing of Moldovan media or parties by Romanian authorities
I. Selecting the case and establishing the relevant temporal framework
The case I chose for analysis is the diplomatic conflict between Republic of Moldova
(RM) and Romania starting with January 1st, 2007, till, February 10, 2008. The reason
why I consider January 1st the starting point of this conflict is because on that date Romania
became a member of the European Union and, as a consequence, there entered into force the
Agreement between the Government of Romania and the Government of the Republic of
Moldova concerning the reciprocal traveling of the citizens signed in Bucharest in the autumn
of 2006, that is regulating the traveling regime between the two countries, introducing a new
visa regime for the citizens of Moldova. I considered February 10, 2007 as the end of the
period I chose to analyze because it is the last time when two representatives of the sides
involved in the conflict, Romanian minister of foreign affairs A.Cioroianu and Moldovan
president, V.Voronin argued again on the issue of the name of the official language of RM on
the occasion of a conference on security issues held in Munchen on February 10.
I consider that the crisis breaks out on February 7, 2007, when the minister of foreign
affairs and European Integration of RM A.Stratan declared that Moldova does not need two
more Romanian consulates (the ones in Cahul and Balți). In fact the conflict goes back to
autumn of 2007 when Romania asked Moldova to open those two more consulates and
received no answer, when the two countries signed the agreement concerning the visa regime
and, in the same time, there was raised again the issue of the two basic treaties that are not
signed between Moldova and Romania, what makes possible, from the point of view of
Moldovan authorities, the jeopardizing of the Moldovan sovereignty and independence.
It is not a conflict having all the stages, as it was not solved yet. We could consider that
we reached the top point of the conflict. It is also to be mentioned that it has not implied
physical violence until the moment. The single form of violence to be considered is the verbal
one represented by harsh statements of the high ranking officials representing the two states.
I would not refer in this paper on the role of Russia as a third actor in the triangle
Romania-Moldova-Russia, even it has a big influence on the attitude of the Moldova
authorities, by the role it plays in the Transnistrian issue, as well as by the fact that Russia is
the main provided of energy resources to Moldova and the role the Russian market plays for
the Moldovan products. I am rather interested to focus strictly on the confliction issues
occurring between Romania and Moldova.
II. Describing the historical and political background
After his election at the end of 2004, Romanian President T.Basescu paid his first official
visit to the Moldovan president V.Voronin, starting a period of friendlier relations between the
two states. The relationship was further cemented when Moldova signed the EU/Moldova
Action Plan, making EU accession a primary goal of its foreign policy. However, relations
during February, 2007 and February, 2008 have been anything but smooth. Rows over ethnic
identity, nationality, dual citizenship and visas have abruptly reversed former gains, with harsh
words coming from Chisinau.
The situation of the relations between the Republic of Moldova and Romania during that
period was considered by some analysts as the most tensioned after Moldova got its
independence on August 27, 1991. It happens that the conflict lasted that time longer then the
one from June 2001 until March 2002.
As related to the historical background it is to be mentioned that Republic of Moldova
was created as an independent state based on the territories of the RSSM (Moldovan Soviet
Socialist Republic), made as a consequence of the annexation of Basarabia to the Soviet Union
based on the Secret Protocol of the Non-aggression Treaty signed between Germany and Soviet
Union (USSR) on August 23, 1939, known as Ribentrop-Moltov Pact. RSSM was created on
August 2, 1940 as part of USSR, formed of territories taken from Romania. Hotin, Cetatea
Alba, Ismail, Northern Bucovina were annexed to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The
border between USSR and Romania was fixed by the Paris Peace Treaty of 1947. Romania,
considered as defeated side in the II World War, accepts to sign this Treaty, by this way losing
some of its territories and receiving back Transilvania that it lost based on Viena Dictate of
August 1940.
The two sides, i.e. present Republic of Moldova and Romania, relate differently to the
Paris Treaty. On one hand, Romania does not recognizes the way the border with USSR was
established in 1947, considering that the validity of the Ribentrop-Molotov Pact expired on
June 22, 1941, when the Nazi Germany invaded USSR1 and that the Moldovan-Romanian
border is established based on the Treaty signed between Romania and URSS, on February 27,
1961. On the other hand, present Moldovan authorities recognize the border established by the
Paris Treaty of 1947 and want that to be included in the Border Treaty that has not been yet
signed between the two countries. After the proclamation of Moldova’s sovereignty on June
1Gabriel ANDREESCU, Valentin STAN and Renate WEBER, Romania’s Relations with the Republic of Moldova,
http://studint.ong.ro/moldova.htm, 30.10.1994
23, 1990, change of its official name on August 23, 1991 and declaration of its independence
on August 27, 1991, there was a short period when the idea of the unification of Romania and
the Republic of Moldova was quite strong. Even so, the authorities in Chisinau remained
reserved to the idea of unification to Romania. Instead, Moldova became in 1994 a member of
the Community of Independent States, the Transnistrian conflict arose and the idea of
unification was totally abandoned.
It is to be noticed that there is a different approach of the Ribentrop-Molotov Pact and the
issue of the borders established after the Second World War if we do compare Moldova and the
Baltic states, in terms that the last ones considered the consequences of that Pact as a
“occupation by the USSR” of their territories and when becoming independent again in 1991,
they reestablished their territories as before 1940. Romanian Parliament also adopted in June
1991 a declaration by which one the Ribentrop-Moldotov Pact was considered null.
In case of Moldova it happened that there appeared a new state after the fall of USSR.
After Moldova got its independence, the relations between the two states passed trough
different periods, of getting closer or more tensioned, as for example the diplomatic crisis of
June 2001- March 2002, also depending on the influence of Russia and European Union.
III. Main issued of the conflict and their detailed presentation
a. The Framework Agreement
There has not been signed a Framework Agreement between the two states that would
regulate the bilateral relations. The discussions related to the preparation and signing of the
Basic Treaty and the Border Treaty are connected and last for a very long period, the two sides
not being able to come until now to an agreement as related to certain formulas contained in the
Treaties. Moldova would like to conclude a “Partnership and Cooperation Treaty” as the one
signed between Romania and Ukraine, and that would serve as a guarantee for the
independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity. In the same time Romania would like to
sign a “Framework Agreement concerning the Strategic Partnership for Europe” which could
promote bilateral cooperation and assist Moldova on European integration matters. Romania
would like to have in the agreement references related to historical, linguistic and cultural ties,
while Moldovan authorities do not agree with that.
Discussions on the issue of the basic treaty last from 1991-1992, when Romania for the
sake of peaceful relations presented a “Fraternity and Integration Treaty”2, while the Moldovan
side wanted a “fraternity and cooperation treaty” and not an integration one. The text of the
treaty was supposed to be signed in 2000, after in 1999 both sides accepted a compromise:
Moldovan – accepted the idea of “common culture, civilization and language”, and Romanian
side accepted the idea of “inviolability of borders between the two states”3.
The latest news concerning the negotiations over the Border Treaty is the fact that the
deputy minister of foreign affairs and European integration of Moldova, Valeriu Ostalep,
visited
b. The Border Treaty
As we previously mentioned, Romania and Moldova do not have a Border Treaty.
Romanian authorities consider that the borders between the two states have been established
after the II World War, while Moldovan ones sustain that not signing the two documents basic
and Border Treaties) means that Romania would jeopardize its sovereignty. Presidents
T.Basescu and V.Voronin talked again concerning the two Treaties in January 2007, but since
then nothing happened related to that issue. The last round of negotiations was held in the
September 2007, afterwards the situation getting more and more tensioned.
The two sides still could not receive an agreement as related to the title of the treaty and a
reference to the 1947 Paris Treaty. Romania considers that the border with USSR was
established through the Treaty signed by Romania and USSR agreement of February 27, 1961
and that there is no need to sign a new border treaty.
c. Harsh statements of the Moldovan and Romanian presidents
In February 2007, Moscow reacted to a decision of the Bucharest Court of Appeal
concerning the conviction of Romanian marshal I.Antonescu. That above-mentioned decision
of the Bucharest Court served as a good reason for the Moldovan authorities to state that the
sovereignty of the state was in danger, and that Romania leads a duplicitous behavior
jeopardizing Moldova’s national security.
In the spring of 2007, V.Voronin accused Romania of implanting and funding a small
but noisy group to promote unification between Moldova and Romania, violating Moldova's
sovereignty. M. Lupu, the speaker of the Moldovan Parliament stated in April that the relations
between the Republic of Moldova and Romania will be either constructive or destructive. They
2 Odette Tomescu-Hatto, Noile frontiere ale Uniunii Europene şi relaţiile româno-moldoveneşti, în Monica Heintz,
Stat slab, cetăţenie incertă, studii despre Republica Moldova, Curtea Veche, Bucureşti, 2007, p.259 3 Ibidem, p.259
will be destructive in case there will be continued the discussions on language, history and
nation.
In the same time, Romanian president T.Basescu made during 2006 and 2007 several
declarations as related to the unification and as a consequence, there appeared reaction of the
president of Moldova V.Voronin.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, there circulated the idea of unifying the two
states, being revived by T.Basescu in 2006, during a conference at a University of Bucharest,
when he stated that Moldova and Romania could unify by joining together to the EU. After
becoming a president in December 2004, T.Basescu made of the Republic of Moldova support
to adhere to the EU a priority of the Romanian foreign policy. One interpretation of the
Moldova’s reactions could be that Chisinau fears Romania’s ambitions to reestablish “the
Greatest Romania”, and by that means to extinguish Moldova’s statehood.
In conclusion, there were a lot of harsh statements, more frequently accusations from
Moldovan part that brought to the freezing of bilateral relations between the two states.
d. Ethnic, Linguistic and Cultural Identity
According to the doctrine of Moldavianism, founded in 1924 and reshaped in 1964,
presently used by the ruling Communist Party, Moldovans are a different nationality from
Romanians. Some of the „teoreticians“ of Moldavianism of the Moldovan Comunist Party are:
V.Stepaniuc, politician and historian, the former head of the parliamentary commission for
culture, science, education, youth, sports and media, who was appointed in January 2007 as the
Vice Prime Minister, V.Stati, politician and linguist, the author of teh Moldovan-Romanian
dictionary.
According to the results of the lates census, only 2% of the citizens of Moldova
declared themselves Romanians. In order to enforce this idea, on February 24th
, Moldovan
president receives in Chisinau a delegation of the newly formed “Community of Moldovans
from Romania”, stating that he was considering offering Moldovan citizenship to some 10
million 'ethnic Moldovans' in Romania. He complained later that Romania discriminated
against Moldovans by not counting them as a minority group. But it is very important to
mention that Romania has never considered having “Moldovan minority”, has never discussed
such an issue. In addition, the above mentioned Community of Moldovans from Romania was
dissolved as it could not be registered as a juridical person due to the fact that the notion of
Moldovan minority is not mentioned in the Romanian legislation.
Romania scientifically considers that the language spoken in Moldova is Romanian and
that there is no Moldovan language, but that Moldovan is just a dialect of the Romanian.
There occured an „identity crisis“ given the fact that Moldova used to oscilate between
the unification with Romania and returning under Russian protection4. As related to the
Moldovan side, M.Snegur was one who introduced the idea of „two different people living in
two different states“ in 1994, while afterwards the Romanian president I.Iliescu used to make
use of the phrase „two Romanian states“, considering RM an artifical state.5 As such, it
happens that the identity crises occures exactly due to the fact that there cannot be made a clear
distinction between Romanians and Moldovans as these are the same. In this context,
Moldovan officials, especially the Communist Party in rule, starts building the Moldovan
identity.6
e. Citizenship issue
In the period between 1991 and 2001 94.916 Moldovan citizens succeeded to receive the
Romanian citizenship based on a Law that allows those who lost their Romanian citizenship or
their followers up to the second generation to ask for it. Starting with 2002 the citizenship
granting process was blocked, the legislation was changed, and the above responsibility was
passed from the Ministry of Interior to a special Citizenship Commission subordinated to the
Ministry of Justice. During 2003 there were granted only 6 citizenships, in 2004 – 257, in 2005
– 1317.7 During 2006 there were granted 490 citizenships and during 2007 – 670
8. In 2007 at
the Citizenship Commission there were 25345 requests for Romanian citizenship received from
citizens of the Republic of Moldova.9 Instead, the Romanian Embassy in Chisinau has
approximately 200.000 envelopes containing the expression of intent to regain Romanian
citizenship. Romanian consulates, also in charge with receiving requests for citizenship, should
invite for an interview, accept the documents and send them to the Citizenship Commission.
Given the bureaucratic procedure, it might be considered that the process is almost frozen at
the Consulate. For example, there was received no invitation for depositing the official request
and accompanying documents for the citizenship for a request sent in August 2003.
In order to simplify the procedure, Romanian authorities adopted a Governmental
ordinance on September 5th
by which one introduced slight changes to the procedure.
4 Ibidem, p.257
5 Ibidem, p. 260
6 Iulian Chifu, 2004, Republica Moldova, Alunecarea anti-democratic a governării gălăgioase. Centrul pentru
prevenirea conflictelor, Iaşi, în Odette Tomescu-Hatto, Noile frontiere ale Uniunii Europene şi relaţiile româno-
moldoveneşti, în Monica HEINTZ, Stat slab, cetăţenie incertă, studii despre Republica Moldova, Curtea Veche,
Bucureşti, 2007, p.261 7 Odette Tomescu-Hatto, Idem, p.266
8 The last two data are not official ones and also include the number of citizenships given to Romanians from
Ukraine, http://cetatenie.info.tm/index.php?page=3 9 Odette Tomescu-Hatto, Idem, p.266
Moldovan president reputedly accused Romania of intending to empty Moldova of its citizen
by facilitating the procedure of granting the Romanian citizenship.
f. Romanian visas and the issue of additional consulates in the Republic of
Moldova
After Romania entered the EU, Moldovan citizens have to obtain a visa in order to enter
Romania. A bilateral Agreement regulating the visa regime was signed by the ministers of
foreign affairs of the two countries in October 2006 in Chisinau. After the visa regime was
introduced for the citizens of the Moldova, serious technical problems came out. That
happened first of all because the Romanian consulate in Chisinau could not manage with the
high number of visa requests it received. Except for the online application form a Moldovan
national willing to get a Romanian visa had to submit on the website of the Embassy of
Romania in Moldova, that was almost blocked at the very beginning due to the high number of
requests, there were huge queues of people waiting to apply for a visa. Even if the visa is given
for free, all this procedures and problems made the number of Moldovans traveling to Romania
for the purpose of studies, business, or to get a visa from the Embassies of some EU member
states having embassies in Bucharest, etc. reduce with more than 50%. A large number of
Moldovan nationals go to the Consulates of Romania to Ukraine (Odesa or Cernauti) in order
to apply for a Romanian visa.
A new consular section of the Embassy of Romania in Chisinau was opened only on
December 21, 2007. Its work capacity is of 900-1000 visa requests per day.
After V.Voronin and T.Basescu agreed in January 2007 on opening an additional building
of the Romanian Consulate in Chisinau, Moldovan foreign minister A.Stratan stated on March
7, 2007 that the Romanian plans to open two consulates in Balti and Cahul to deal with a high
demand for visas were no longer necessary, the Moldovan Ministry of Foreign Affairs and
European Integration issuing an official note to the Romanian embassy rejecting the new
consulates, and reversing a previous note in the support of the decision. Afterwards, the issue
of the two consulates was no longer officially discussed by the two parts.
Finally, a new consular section of the Embassy of Romania in Chisinau was opened only
on December 21, 2007. Its work capacity is of 900-1000 visa requests per day. No Moldovan
authorities took part at the official opening.
During the time for the facilitation of the visa granting process in Chisinau there was
opened a Common Visa Centre for the issuing of visas to Moldovans for several EU countries,
what decreased to some degree the tension related to the Romania visas issue.
g. Religious issues: The Conflict between the two Metropolitan Churches
In Moldova there are two Metropolitan Churches: Moldovan Orthodox Church
subordinated to the Moscow Patriarchate supported by the Moldovan Government and
Bessarabian Metropolitan Church subordinated to the Bucharest Patriarchate (has 23 % of the
Christian believers of the Republic of Moldova)10
. The second church was reactivated in 1992
but was officially registered only in 2002, after a process at the European Court of Human
Rights against the Moldovan State. There occurred a conflict between the two churches after
the Romanian Patriarchate decided to revive three more eparchies in R.Moldova (Episcopia de
Balti, Episcopia Basarabiei de Sud si Episcopia Ortodoxa a Dubasarilor si a toata Transnistria).
The reaction of the Moldovan Mitropolitan Church and of the Russian Patriarchy was a
negative one, given the fact that it involves disputes over properties, over churches11
. Several
employees of the Bassarabian Metropolitan Church, having Romanian citizenship, were
expulsed from Moldova for not having the necessary documents for their stay, several other
were not allowed to enter Moldova. Now, the popes serving in the churches of the Bessarabian
Metropolitan Churce or those who joined it were promised Romanian citizenship, according to
non-official sources. In the opinion of Dan Chiachir, the reactivation of the three eparchies
seems to be “an overbidding in a political sense”12
.
h. Expulsion of the Romanian diplomats, visits of the high ranking officials,
problems at the borders
After several compromising articles published in the Moldovan newspaper “Moldova
Suverana” (Sovereign Moldova) by a former collaborator of the Romanian External
Intelligence Service, M.Contiu, in November 2007, entitled “Romanian Espionage and
Counterespionage in the Republic of Moldova"13
, in December two diplomats of the Romanian
consulate in Chisinau were declared persona non-grata, the stated reason being the fact that
“their activity is not in accordance with their status of diplomats”. Contrary to habitual
practices, Romania has not expelled Moldovan diplomats.
10
According to an INFOTAG opinion poll of 2000, there are 723 000 believers of the Bessarabian
Metropolitan Church, http://www.ziua.ro/news.php?data=2008-01-31&id=3053 11
Biserica Ortodoxa Romana, atacata de bisericile "surori", http://www.ziua.ro/news.php?data=2008-01-
31&id=3053 12
Ibidem 13
Mihai Contiu, Spionaj si sontraspionaj romanesc in Republica Moldova, http://www.moldova-
suverana.md/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1195131644&archive=1195472872&start_from=&uc
at=7&
In October, several Romanian delegations were prevented from crossing the border when
going to Chisinau at the invitation of the Chisinau Mayor, D.Chirtoaca, known as a pro-
Romanian opposition representative. As a consequence, Moldovan Ambassador to Bucharest,
L.Gutu, was called for explanations at the Romanian MFA.
On December 21st, 2007, on the occasion of the opening of the new building of the
Romanian Consulate in Chisinau, Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs, A.Cioroianu took part
at the event, but had no any kind of meeting with his Moldovan officials. Romanian part had
not required on this occasion any visit with the Moldovan representatives. Moldovan side
qualified that as an “unfriendly gesture”14
, not in accordance with the cooperation spirit of the
relations between the two states.
We should pay attention to the fact that the last time Moldovan president and Prime-
minister officially visited Moldova only in 2005. The Romanian officials visited Moldova last
time in January 2007 (president) and in June (prime-minister). After that, even it passed more
then 7 months, there was not any kind of bilateral visits of any minister.
i. Financing of Moldovan NGOs, media and parties by Romanian authorities
Romania is accused by Moldovan leaders of financing some media, as for example of
newspapers (Timpul, Literatura si Arta, Jurnal de Chisinau), as well as PRO TV channel.
Bucharest is also offering 800.000 Euro for the social development of RM for the 2008-
2008 period.15
According to the statement of the Romanian foreign minister A.Cioroianu the
0,17 per cent of the GDP Romania has to offer as official Development Assistance each year
to teh neigbouring countries striving to enter the EU, the majority will be directed to the
Republic of Moldova. The Communist Party reacted by charging the Intelligence Service to
examine teh financing sources of the oposition parties and media.
IV. Political administrative description of the escalation process: how was the
problem discovered; how it was managed by the executive authorities; the main decision
makers involved in provoking and managing the conflict; the problems they confronted
with
The different contradictory issues existed between the two states right away after 1991. The
tension increased during the second mandate of the president I.Iliescu, after the Communist
party won the Parliamentary elections in Moldova. In 2005-2006 situation seemed to turn into a
14
http://www.mfa.md/noutati/1053/ 15
http://www.romanialibera.ro/a117543/voronin-ia-la-puricat-finantarile-romanesti-pentru-moldova.html
favorable one. But starting with the discussions and signing of the visa agreement and reviving
the issue of the two treaties, the introduction of the visa regime for citizens of Moldova, it got
worse.
It was not managed yet by none of the authorities, neither by the Romanian ones, not by
the Moldovan ones. The Romanian authorities in charge with foreign policy in Romania are:
the president, who draws the general framework for the country’s foreign policy, the
Parliament, with its foreign policy commissions and possibility to ratify all international
treaties and agreements, and the Government headed by the Prime Minister, including the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Department for the Relations with Romanians Abroad16
of the
MFA.
The Moldovan institutions implied in decision taking process concerning the relation with
Romania are: President and the Government, represented by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
and European Integration. There is also the Parliament in charge with the ratification of the
international treaties and agreements. I would like to mention that from the Moldovan side the
most important defendant of the hostile politics towards Romania, the public sustainer on the
international arena of the doctrine of Moldovenism is the president V.Voronin. The rest are
somehow subordinated to this “official position” of the Communist Party. The decision for
solving the conflict were not taken yet, or at least they have not given any positive results.
V. Discussing the importance/relevance of the conflict: which are the main
problems raised in that case, which are the possible positive and negative
lessons to be drawn out from such an experience.
The conflict is relevant to be analyzed in order to find which would be the solutions for
it and for the post-conflict period. During this conflict the used communication means of the
Moldovan authorities were the same ones as during the conflict between June 2001 and March
2002 the, i.e. by avoiding the diplomatic channels and by making public the concerns and
opinions “through tough statements in the media”.17
16
http://www.mae.ro/poze_editare/2007.06.12_Orgranigrama..pdf, and Iulian Chifu, The Ingredients of a
Diplomatic Conflict at the Border Between Romania and the Republic of Moldova in Julian Chifu and Britta
Ramberg , Crisis Management in Transitional Societies: The Romanian Experience, Swedish National Defence
College and CRISMART, 2007, Iulian Chifu, http://www.crismart.org/upload/PDF%20volumes/Volume%2033.pdf 17
Iulian Chifu, 2007, p.292
If analyzing this conflict according to the hourglass model18
, I would consider that it
contains only the first 4 stages: difference, contradiction, polarization, violence.
But the type of violence it got to is not a typical physical of military one, but rather a
verbal violence of the leaders of the two countries.
Which are the possible positive and negative lessons to be drawn out from such an
experience.
What happens as a consequence of such a conflict:
- the juridical framework between the two states remains only partially established;
- there are permanent suspicions and accusations done by Moldovan representatives;
- people encounter serious problems with getting a visa for Romania, as for example, 1,5
months for a student visa; being sometimes even impossible to deposit a request for a
visa;
- there increases the probability of corruption cases, many citizens being forced by the
situation to apply for a tourist visa through a tourist agency, in order to get a short stay
visa for Romania where could apply for the visa for another country having an embassy
in Bucharest, as in the case of the Italy;
- the number of people crossing the border decreased with more then 50%;
- agreements that would facilitate the cultural, economic, and other kind of exchanges are
no longer focused on, as for example a protocol concerning the Moldovan students that
come for studies to Romania remained not signed for several years;
- instead of improving the relations, establishing a better framework for the economical
exchanges, politicians focus on the conflicts;
- international community is involved, both parts or only one may loose its credibility in
front of the international institutions or states, at least as regarding some certain issues.
Possible solutions: Given that fact that this conflict is not at all a finished one, there might
be proposed several solutions:
- to find a compromise related to the basic treaty and the border treaty the two countries
are discussing for such a long period;
- to come to a common agreement as related to the two metropolitan churches of
Moldova and of Bessarabia;
18
Oliver Ramsbotham, Tom Woodhouse and Hugh Miall, Contemporary Conflict Resolution, Polity Press,
Cambridge, 2007
- to come to a compromise as related to the linguistic, historic and cultural identity, what
I consider really difficult to be realized under the rule of the present communist party;
- to find solutions and to be opened for the facilitation of the visa regime, by opening
some more consulates on the territory of the Republic of Moldova, as it was scheduled
from the very beginning or by considerably increasing the number and efficiency of the
personnel;
- to issue visas for 3 months instead of the visas for three days for those who go to
Romania in order to apply for the visa for another country;
- to regulate the procedure of granting Romanian citizenship; in case there are harsh
reactions from Chisinau, to make a distinction between those who ask for the Romanian
citizenship with the residence abroad, and those who establish their residence in
Romania, given the fact that at the present moment human rights to citizenship are
violated the procedure term for granting Romanian citizenship lasting even up to 6-8
years.
Bibliography:
Books and scientific articles:
ANDREESCU, Gabriel, Valentin STAN and Renate WEBER, Romania’s Relations with the
Republic of Moldova, http://studint.ong.ro/moldova.htm, 30.10.1994
APAHIDEANU, Ionut, Buletin Special Strategikon: Relatia Romania-Moldova de la
mahmureala la galceava, Mon, 12 Mar 2007
CANŢÎR, Alexandru, Preşedintele Parlamentului vrea un tratat de frontieră cu România,
26.01.2007,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/romanian/news/story/2006/03/060329_moldova_romania_tratat.shtml;
CHIFU, Iulian , 2004, Republica Moldova, Alunecarea anti-democratic a governării
gălăgioase. Centrul pentru prevenirea conflictelor, Iaşi, în Odette Tomescu-Hatto, Noile
frontiere ale Uniunii Europene şi relaţiile româno-moldoveneşti, în Monica HEINTZ, Stat slab,
cetăţenie incertă, studii despre Republica Moldova, Curtea Veche, Bucureşti, 2007, p.261
CHIFU, Iulian, The Ingredients of a Diplomatic Conflict at the Border Between Romania and
the Republic of Moldova in Julian Chifu and Britta Ramberg , Crisis Management in
Transitional Societies: The Romanian Experience, Swedish National Defence College and
CRISMART, 2007, Iulian Chifu,
http://www.crismart.org/upload/PDF%20volumes/Volume%2033.pdf
CONTIU, Mihai, Spionaj si sontraspionaj romanesc in Republica Moldova,
http://www.moldova-
suverana.md/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1195131644&archive=1195472872&sta
rt_from=&ucat=7&
DURA, George, Integrarea Europeana.: Statutul de Membru al UE ii Ofera Romaniei Noi
Oportunitati in Relatiile cu Moldova, 02.02.2007, http://www.azi.md/news?ID=43019;
LUPU, Victor, The Relationship with Republic of Moldova, an Open Wound, Nine o'clock,
March 12, 2007;
POPESCU, Nicu, România - R. Moldova: viitorul unei 'relaţii privilegiate',
http://www.contrafort.md/2001/75-76/120.html;
SIMONCA, Ovidiu, Roumanie - Moldavie : des relations compliquées par l’histoire, Observator
cultural, 3 avril 2007, http://balkans.courriers.info/article8077.html
SOCOR, Vladimir, Moldova refuses mass conferrals of Romanian Citizenship, The Moldova
Foundation's Weekly News Bulletin on Moldova
Friday, March 16, 2007 -- Vol. 3, Issue 54;
TOMESCU-HATTO, Odette, Noile frontiere ale Uniunii Europene şi relaţiile româno-
moldoveneşti, în Monica HEINTZ, Stat slab, cetăţenie incertă, studii despre Republica
Moldova, Curtea Veche, Bucureşti, 2007, p.259
Agreements:
Acord între Guvernul României şi Guvernul Republicii Moldova privind călătoriile reciproce
ale cetăţenilor, semnat în 2007
Web pages:
http://www.mfa.md/
http://www.bbc.co.uk
http://www.ziua.ro
http://www.conflict.md/
http://politicom.moldova.org
http://www.flux.md
ttp://www.parties.e-democracy.md
http://www.azi.md
http://www.thediplomat.ro/
http://www.romanialibera.ro/
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