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DNA – RNA – Protein SynthesisObjectives: F1-Identify the components of DNA, describe how information for specifying traits is carried in DNA, & recognize that components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms F2 - Explain the purpose & process of transcription & translation using models of DNA & RNA, describe the role of DNA & RNA during protein synthesis, & recognize that gene expression is a regulated process
A. Description - deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer made up of repeating monomers of nucleotides
III. DNA Structure and Function
B. Structure1. Double stranded
2. Helix
- subunits of DNA; 3 parts
* PHOSPHATE group* SUGAR - deoxyribose
* nitrogen bases (1of4) Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
purines
pyrimidines
4. Complementary Base PairingA purine is always paired with a pyrimidine.A-T C-G
C. LocationRemains in the nucleus
D. Function -
DNA determines an organism’s traits by controlling the manufacturing of proteins.
The sequencing of nucleotides forms unique genetic information.
E. Involved with theses processes:1. Replication - Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA2. Transcription
A. Description – ribonucleic acid; similar to DNA(messenger RNA & transfer RNA)
III. RNA Structure and Function
B. Structure1. Single stranded
2. mRNA – straight line tRNA – t shaped
4. Base Pairing
A-T G-C U-A C-G
3. Made up of subunits called Nucleotides* phosphate group
* sugar - ribose* nitrogen base (1of4) - A - G - Uracil (U) - C
C. LocationmRNA – travels from the nucleus to ribosomes
tRNA – through sites on the ribosome
D. FunctionmRNA – carries the genetic information out of the nucleus for protein synthesis tRNA – decode the information by transferring the amino acid to the ribosome
E. Involved with theses processes:1. Transcription – mRNA is made from DNA in the nucleus2. Translation – proteins are made from mRNA with the help of tRNA at ribosomes
Etymology
Transcription: trans- (L. across) + -scription (SCRIBERE, to write)Translation: : (L. TRANSLATUS carried across)
(polypeptide)
Peptide bond between the amino acids
DNA Base PairingTCG AAC TGGAGC TTG ACC
You try:CCA GAT TGA
GGT CTA ACT
DNA to RNA Base PairingDNA - TCG AAC TGGRNA - AGC UUG ACC
You try:DNA - CCA GAT TGARNA -
GGU CUA ACU
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