View
217
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 1/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Brian SmithBrian SmithNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryNational Renewable Energy Laboratory
Wind & HydropowerWind & Hydropower
Technologies ProgramTechnologies Program
UWIGUWIG -- October 23, 2003October 23, 2003
DOE Wind ProgramDOE Wind Program
Technology TrendsTechnology Trendsand Strategic Plansand Strategic Plans
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 2/32
4,685 MWas of 12/31/02
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 3/32
GE WIND
1.5 MW
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 4/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Cost of Energy TrendCost of Energy Trend
1979: 40 cents/kWh
• IncreasedTurbine Size
• R&D Advances
• ManufacturingImprovements
NSP 107 MW Lake Benton wind farm4 cents/kWh (unsubsidized)
2004:3 - 5 cents/kWh in Class 6(Class 6 = 15 mph at 10 m)
2000:4 - 6 cents/kWh
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 5/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Wind Program StructureWind Program StructureFY 2004 Budget Request: $41.6 MFY 2004 Budget Request: $41.6 M
Goal ABy 2012, COE from
large systems in Class4 winds
3 cents/kWh onshore or5 cents/kWh offshore
(Program Strategic
Performance Goal)
Goal CBy 2012, complete
program activities forelectric power marketrules, interconnection
impacts, operatingstrategies, and system
planning
Goal DBy 2010, at least
100 MW installed in30 states.
ProgramGoals
Technology Appli cat ionTechnology Viability
Low WindSpeedTechnology
SystemsIntegrationDistributedWindTechnology
TechnologyAcceptance
Goal BBy 2007, COE from
distributed windsystems
10-15 cents/kWhin Class 3
SupportingResearch
and Testing
SupportingEngineeringand Analysis
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 6/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Transmission Line230 KV and greaterMajor Load Center
Wind Power Classification
13-14
15+
Good/Excellent
Outstanding
4-5
6
Wind Speed at 10
m (mph)
Resource
Potential
Wind Power
Class
Low Wind Speed OpportunityLow Wind Speed OpportunityWind Power Class 4 and Greater, Transmission and Load Centers
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 7/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Low Wind Speed TechnologyLow Wind Speed Technology
Goal: By 2012, reduce COE from large systems in Class 4 winds to3 cents/kWh onshore or 5 cents/kWh offshore
Rationale: Shorten distance to load centers and open 20 times moreland for wind development (both onshore and offshore)
Strategy: Multiple rounds of public/private partnerships for concepts,components, and systems
Trent Mesa, TX
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 8/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Clipper WindpowerClipper WindpowerLow Wind Speed Turbine ProjectLow Wind Speed Turbine Project
Project Objective
• Develop advanced MW-scale windturbine designed for low windspeed applications and capable ofachieving LWST project COE goal
Prototype Technical Specifications
• 2.5 MW rated capacity• 93 m rotor diameter, 3 blades
• Distributed-generator drive trainwith variable speed operation
Prototype Test Status• 2.5 MW prototype turbine plannedfor installation and testing atCalifornia site in mid-2004
1st prototype D-GEN ® drive train conceptunder test at the National Wind Technology – 1.5 MW with two-stage gearbox/8 wound field
generators
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 9/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Clipper Team Turbine ExperienceClipper Team Turbine Experience
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 10/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Clipper CClipper C--93 Blade Pattern93 Blade Pattern
New 45.2 meter prototype blade under fabrication in Brazil
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 11/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
GE Wind EnergyGE Wind Energy
Low Wind Speed Turbine ProjectLow Wind Speed Turbine ProjectProject Objective
• Develop advanced MW-scale wind
turbine designed for low wind speedapplications and capable ofachieving LWST project COE goal
Baseline Technical Specifications
• 3.6 MW rated capacity, designed for
offshore applications• 104 m rotor diameter, 3 blades
• Active blade pitch control withadvanced electronics and variable
speed operationPre-Prototype Test Status
• 3.6 MW pre-prototype turbineplanned for installation at onshoreCA or NY site in mid-20041st GE 3.6 MW baseline turbine operating
at Barrax, Spain since 2002
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 12/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
GE Wind EnergyGE Wind Energy
3.6 MW Offshore Turbine3.6 MW Offshore Turbine
GE 3.6 MW machines in 25 MW Arklow Bank Offshore Wind Park, Ireland
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 13/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Objectives• Obtain detailed wind fields,
turbulence, and associatedatmospheric measurements inthe nocturnal boundary layer
• Characterize inflow features
that can impact operation oflarge turbines in Great Plainswhere low-level jet streamsare expected to occur
• Use results to developsimulations for machinedesign and operationalforecasting
GE Wind 120 meter meteorological tower south
of Lamar, Colorado
LowLow--level Jet Turbulence Field Testlevel Jet Turbulence Field Test
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 14/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Project MotivationProject Motivation
• Strong, coherent motions arecommon in the nocturnalmixed layer
• Coherent motions canadversely affect wind turbine
operations• Nocturnal low-level jets
induce strong vertical shearswhich can produce
atmospheric wave motions• Details of turbulent structure
at turbine rotor heights arenot well known
Hi-Resolution Doppler Lidar Observation
courtesy of Newsom & Banta, NOAA/ETL
coherent wave motionscoherent wave motions
H e i g h t a b o v e g r o u n d l e v e l ( m )
currenthubheightrange
modelsvalid
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 15/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
BiBi--AnnualAnnual†† LowLow--Level Jet FrequencyLevel Jet Frequencyand Wind Resourceand Wind Resource
† Bonner, 1968 data
LamarTower
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 16/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Observation Systems UsedObservation Systems Used
Direct turbulence
measurements(sonic anemometers)
SODAR(acoustic wind profiler)
LIDAR(NOAA Hi-Res Doppler Lidar)
Mean wind profiles
Turbulence spatial structure
High-resolution turbulence
REMOTE SENSING
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 17/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Evolution of LowEvolution of Low--Level JetLevel JetDerived from SODAR MeasurementsDerived from SODAR Measurements
June 17, 2002 June 17, 2002
GE
1.5S
(local standard time)
windvector(m/s)
expected turbine upper limit
H e i g h t a b o v e g r o u n d l e v e
l ( m )
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
8
10
12
14
16
18
Local standard time
01:00:00 02:00:00 03:00:00 04:00:00
MeanWindSpeed(m/s)
Wind Flow Vector
GE
Wind
TurbinesIntense Vertical Shear
Wind Speed Contours
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 18/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Initial Conclusions from LamarInitial Conclusions from LamarMeasurementsMeasurements
•Low-level jet streamfrequently occurs duringwarmer months (April – September)
• Low-level jets can
significantly influence largeturbine inflows
• Intense vertical shears canextend up to at least 200 m
• Intense shears can becomeunstable and create highlevels of organizedturbulence
10-minute mean wind speed (m/s)
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
H e i g h t ( m
)
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
02:40
02:50
03:00
03:10
03:2003:30
03:40
03:50
04:00
Time(MST)
LWST max height
GE
Wind
Turbines
SODAR Wind Profiles
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 19/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Distributed Wind TechnologyDistributed Wind Technology
Goal: By 2007, reduce COE from distributed wind systems to 10-15cents/kWh in Class 3 wind resources
Rationale: Large untapped wind resource potential near users
Strategy: Multiple rounds of public/private partnerships for concepts,components, and systems (similar to LWST for large turbines)
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 20/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Bergey Windpower Co.Bergey Windpower Co.
Small Wind Turbine ProjectSmall Wind Turbine ProjectProject Objective
• Develop a 50 kW-class passively-controlled wind turbine for distributed
generation applications• Improved economics
• 5 year inspection interval, 10 yearservice interval, 50 year design life
• Low noiseTechnical Specifications
• 50 kW rated power, 14 m rotordiameter
• Grid-connected, 3-phase 480 VAC
Prototype Test Status
• Prototype Turbine to be tested atNREL early in 2004
Pre-Prototype Bergey XL.50 TurbineNorman, Oklahoma, September 2003
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 21/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Bergey XL.50Bergey XL.50
Pre-Prototype, Norman Oklahoma, April 2003Configuration #4 in fully furled position (manually furled)
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 22/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Southwest Windpower Inc.Southwest Windpower Inc.Small Wind Turbine ProjectSmall Wind Turbine Project
Project Objectives
• High value for residentialapplications
• Cost comparable to a householdappliance
• Design for high-volumemanufacturing
Technical Specifications
• 1.8 kW rated power, 3.7 m(12.1 ft) rotor diameter
• Grid-connected, 1-phase 120VAC
Prototype Test Status
• Prototype Turbine to be tested
at NREL during 2004
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 23/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
SWWP StormSWWP StormPrePre--Prototype Components, Flagstaff, Arizona, October 2003Prototype Components, Flagstaff, Arizona, October 2003
Prototype Inverter
Generator During Dynamometer Test
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 24/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Emerging ApplicationsEmerging Applications
• Offshore wind
• Wind-hydropower integration – Constrained hydropower supplies
– Multiple policy issues for hydropower (e.g., Relicensing, Fish &Wildlife, irrigation, recreation)
– Wind and Hydropower can work together• Wind-hydrogen production (electrolysis)
– Pipe or ship to centers for transportation use
– Store and use fuel cells to firm wind output
• Reverse osmosis water purification
– Provide pure water to coastal cities
– Provides off-peak use for excess wind
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 25/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
U.S. Offshore Application ProjectsU.S. Offshore Application Projects
• Cape Wind –130 3.6 MW GE Wind Energy turbines
–Merchant power project
• Long Island Power Authority
–Solicitation for 140 MW
• Up to 20 projects in planning
Cape Wind Meteorological Tower –
59.74 meters
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 26/32
Preliminary Analysis
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 27/32
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 28/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 29/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
$1000/kW $1500-$2000/kW $?
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 30/32
A Future Vision for Wind Energy
2003
Bulk PowerGenerator
4-6¢ at 15mph
Land Based
Bulk Electricity
Wind Farms
Potential 20% ofElectricity Market
Land Based Technology Path TransmissionBarriers
Cost andRegulatory
Barriers
Land & OceanLarge & Small“Hydrogen Turbines”
Cost andInfrastructure
Barriers
Land Based LWSTLarge – Scale
2 - 5 MW
Offshore Turbines
5 MW & Larger
FutureLow Wind Speed
Technology3¢/kWh at 13mph
20% of Electricity2012
Unique OffshoreDesigns
• Shallow water
• Deep water Higher Wind Sites
2012 & Beyond
Dual OutputTurbines
•Transportation•Firm Electricity•Industrial•Residential
Multi-sector Market
2030 & Beyond
Offshore Technology Path
Wind-Hydrogen Path
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 31/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
Lake Benton, MNLake Benton IIGE Wind Z50
104 MWStart monitoring Feb. 2000
Lake Benton, MNLake Benton IIGE Wind Z50
104 MWStart monitoring Feb. 2000
Taylor County, TX
Trent MesaGE Wind 1.5MW
150 MWStart monitoring Jan. 2003
Taylor County, TX
Trent MesaGE Wind 1.5MW
150 MWStart monitoring Jan. 2003
Upton County, TX
King MountainBonus 1.3MW
80 MWStart monitoring Jan. 2003
Upton County, TX
King MountainBonus 1.3MW
80 MWStart monitoring Jan. 2003
Pecos County, TX
Indian MesaVestas V47
83 MWStart monitoring Jan. 2003
Pecos County, TX
Indian MesaVestas V47
83 MWStart monitoring Jan. 2003
Colberson County, TX
TWPPKenetech 330
35 MWStart monitoring Jan. 2003
Colberson County, TX
TWPPKenetech 330
35 MWStart monitoring Jan. 2003
Klondike, OR
GE Wind 1.5MW25 MW
Start monitoring Jan. 2002
Klondike, OR
GE Wind 1.5MW25 MW
Start monitoring Jan. 2002
WA-OR borderStateline
Vestas V47
90 MWStart monitoring Jan 2002
WA-OR borderStateline
Vestas V47
90 MWStart monitoring Jan 2002
Vansycle, ORMitsubishi MWT600
25 MWStart monitoring Jan. 2002
Vansycle, ORMitsubishi MWT600
25 MW
Start monitoring Jan. 2002
Condon, OR
Mitsubishi MWT60025 MW
Start monitoring Jan. 2002
Condon, ORMitsubishi MWT600
25 MW
Start monitoring Jan. 2002
Storm Lake, IABuena Vista Substation
GE Wind Z50
113 MWStart monitoring Jan. 2001
Storm Lake, IABuena Vista Substation
GE Wind Z50
113 MWStart monitoring Jan. 2001
Lake Benton, MNBuffalo Ridge Substation
250 MW
Start monitoring Mar. 2001
Lake Benton, MNBuffalo Ridge Substation
250 MW
Start monitoring Mar. 2001
Wind Farm Monitoring ProjectWind Farm Monitoring Project(data from ~875 MW)(data from ~875 MW)
8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doe-wind-program-technology-trends-and-strategic-plans 32/32
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel
2003 Utility Partnerships2003 Utility Partnerships
• NRECA coop workshops (KS, CO, SD)
• APPA/NRECA meetings participation
• Project calculator
• WAPA green tags
• Coop Technical Assistance
• Wind for Munis tri-fold
• NE deliberative poll
• UWIG Participation
• Public Power website
Recommended