Domain-Driven Personalization of Personal Informatics and...

Domain-Driven Personalization of Personal Informatics and Intervention Technologies

Elizabeth Murnane!elm236@cornell.edu!

Information Science, Cornell University!!!!!

UbiComp 2015 Doctoral School September 7, 2015

Big Picture

Personal)Informa-cs)&)Interven-on:))Collec-on,)Reflec-on,)Persuasion

• Personal)Informa-cs)(PI))(Li)et)al.,)2010))

• Persuasive)Design)(e.g.,)Fogg,)2002))

• Advantages:)access,)integra-on,)administra-on

The Value of Personalizing

Personaliza-on

• “A)process)that)changes)the)func-onality,)interface,)informa-on)content)or)dis-nc-veness)of)a)system)to)increase)its)personal)relevance)to)an)individual”)(Blom,)2000))

• Important)to)behaviorNchange)(Berkovsky,)2012;)Endler)&)Parker,)1992;)Nov)et)al.,)2013)

Personaliza-on

• “A)process)that)changes)the)func-onality,)interface,)informa-on)content)or)dis-nc-veness)of)a)system)to)increase)its)personal)relevance)to)an)individual”)(Blom,)2000))

• Important)to)behaviorNchange)(Berkovsky,)2012;)Endler)&)Parker,)1992;)Nov)et)al.,)2013)

UserNDriven))))))))))Personaliza-on

• SelfNreport)

• Burdensome,)infeasible,)and)unreliable)(Connelly)et)al.,)2006;)Bentley)et)al.,)2013;)Goodwin)&)Jamison,)2007;)Dorrian)et)al.,)2003))

• Customiza-on)

• Choices)can)be)formulaic)and)insufficient)or)overwhelming)and)demo-va-ng))))))))))))))(Iyengar)&)Lepper,)2000)

• SelfNreport)

‣ Burdensome,)infeasible,)and)unreliable)(Connelly)et)al.,)2006;)Bentley)et)al.,)2013;)Goodwin)&)Jamison,)2007;)Dorrian)et)al.,)2003))

• Customiza-on)

‣ SelfNreport)

‣ Customiza-on)

‣ Choices)can)be)formulaic)and)insufficient)or)overwhelming)and)demo-va-ng))))))))))))))(Iyengar)&)Lepper,)2000)

• SelfNreport)

• Customiza-on)

• SelfNreport)

• Customiza-on)

‣ Choices)can)be)formulaic)and)insufficient)or)overwhelming)and)demo-va-ng)(Iyengar)&)Lepper,)2000)

• SelfNreport)

• Customiza-on)

‣ Choices)can)be)formulaic)and)insufficient)or)overwhelming)and)demo-va-ng)(Iyengar)&)Lepper,)2000)

SystemNDriven))))))))))Personaliza-on

• Technology)ownership)and)usage)at)allN-me)highs)(Duggan)&)Smith,)2014))

• SensorNloaded)personal)devices)(phones,)wearables))

• e.g.,)GPS,)accelerometer,)compass,)gyroscope,)light)detec-on,)proximity)detec-on,)dual)microphones,)dual)cameras,)etc…)(Lane)et)al.,)2010)

• Technology)ownership)and)usage)at)allN-me)highs)(Duggan)&)Smith,)2014))

• SensorNloaded)personal)devices)(phones,)wearables))

‣ e.g.,)GPS,)accelerometer,)compass,)gyroscope,)light)detec-on,)proximity)detec-on,)dual)microphones,)dual)cameras,)etc…)(Lane)et)al.,)2010)

Personalized)Behavioral)Coaching)Technology

• Health)Mashups)(Tollmar,)2012;)Bentley)et)al.,)2013))

• BeWell)(Lane)et)al.,)2011;)Lin)et)al.,)2012))

• MyBehavior)(Rabbi)et)al.,)2015))

• MoodScope)(LiKamWa)et)al.,)2013)

Personalized)Behavioral)Coaching)Technology

• Health)Mashups)(Tollmar,)2012;)Bentley)et)al.,)2013))

• BeWell)(Lane)et)al.,)2011;)Lin)et)al.,)2012))

• MyBehavior)(Rabbi)et)al.,)2015))

• MoodScope)(LiKamWa)et)al.,)2013)

What’s)Missing?

• DataNdriven,)based)on)intui-on,)trial)and)error))))))))(Nov)&)Arazy,)2013))

Exhaus-ve)approaches)are)computa-onally)infeasible)(Lane)et)al.,)2010;)Wang)et)al.,)2009))

(Mis)interpre-ng)observa-ons

What’s)Missing?

• DataNdriven,)based)on)intui-on,)trial)and)error))))))))))))))(Nov)&)Arazy,)2013))

• Exhaus-ve)approaches)can)be)computa-onally)infeasible)(Lane)et)al.,)2010;)Wang)et)al.,)2009))

(Mis)interpre-ng)observa-ons

What’s)Missing?

• DataNdriven,)based)on)intui-on,)trial)and)error)))))))))))))))(Nov)&)Arazy,)2013))

• Exhaus-ve)approaches)can)be)computa-onally)infeasible)(Lane)et)al.,)2010;)Wang)et)al.,)2009))

• (Mis)interpre-ng)observa-ons

Theory-Driven Design

Theory

• Can)inform)system)design)and)evalua-on))))))))))))))))(Hekler)et)al.,)2013))

• Theore-callyNinformed)interven-ons)more)successful)(Michie,)2008)

Theory

• Can)inform)system)design)and)evalua-on))))))))))))))))(Hekler)et)al.,)2013))

• Theore-callyNinformed)interven-ons)more)successful)(Michie,)2008)

TheoryNInformed))Behavioral)Coaching)Technology

• UbiFit)(Consolvo)2008N2009)

TheoryNInformed))Behavioral)Coaching)Technology

• UbiFit)(Consolvo)2008N2009)

What’s)Missing?

• Most)systems)do)not)incorporate)theory))))))))))))))))))))))))(Abroms)et)al.,)2011;)Hekler)et)al.,)2013)))

• At)least)not)rigorously)(Orji,)2013)))

‣ Details)ambiguous,)generically)imported,)“theory)fishing”)

• Need)theory)and)personaliza-on

What’s)Missing?

Bridging the Gaps

Case)Studies

• Inquiry:)Interroga-ng)domainNknowledge)to)iden-fy)meaningful)constructs)and)phenomenon)

• Modeling:)Discovering)technologyNmediated)manifesta-ons)

• Guidelines:)Delivering)domainNaware)design)implica-ons

Case)Studies

• CircadianNAware)Technology)

• Bipolar)Disorder)

• Smoking)Cessa-on)

• SelfNEfficacy

Case)Studies

• Circadian)Aware-Technology-

• Bipolar)Disorder)

• SelfNEfficacy

Case)Studies

• CircadianNAware)Technology)

• Bipolar-Disorder-

• SelfNEfficacy

Circadian-Aware Technology

Mo-va-on

• Sleep)disorder)epidemic)(80%))of)US)

• Technology)for)tracking)sleep,)promo-ng)sleep)“hygiene”)

• Generic)approaches)to)sleep)sensing)and)interven-on)

• “End)caffeine)consump-on)8N14)hours)before)bed-me”

Mo-va-on

• Generic)approaches)to)sleep)sensing)and)interven-on)

Mo-va-on

• Generic)approaches)

Mo-va-on

• Generic)approaches)

‣ “End)caffeine)consump-on)8N14)hours)before)bed-me”

• Inferring)sleep)events)

‣Onset,)dura-on,)waking)

•Detec-ng)circadian)disrup-on)

‣Social)jet)lag,)sleep)iner-a)

•Measuring)circadian)neurobehavioral)func-ons)

‣Alertness,)cogni-on,)mood

ChronobiologyNInformed))))))))))))))))))))))Social)&)Mobile)Sensing

8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5

Overall

Phone Calls

Text Messages

Social Media Apps

Facebook Posts

7am pm 12am

8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5

Overall

Phone Calls

Text Messages

Social Media Apps

Facebook Posts

7am pm 12am

Chronotype (MSF)So

8070605040302010

3:00-4:00am 4:00-5:00 5:00-6:00 6:00-7:00

8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5

Overall

Phone Calls

Text Messages

Social Media Apps

Facebook Posts

7am pm 12am

Chronotype (MSF)So

8070605040302010

3:00-4:00am 4:00-5:00 5:00-6:00 6:00-7:00

-80-60-40-20

406080

Morning(6AM-12PM)

Afternoon(12PM-6PM)

Evening(6PM-12AM)

Night(12AM-6AM)

EntertainmentProductivity

•Inferring)sleep)events)

Bipolar Disorder

Mo-va-on

• Bipolar)one)of)10)most)debilita-ng)illnesses)worldwide)

• Dras-c)mood)swings)between)mania)and)depression)

• Requires)personalized)support)—)even)at)level)of))))intra)individual)variability)

Mo-va-on

• Requires)personalized)support)—)even)at)level)of))))intra)individual)variability)

Mo-va-on

‣ Requires)personalized)support)—)even)at)level)of))))intra)individual)variability)

• TechnologyNbased)monitoring

Mo-va-on

‣ Requires)personalized)support)—)even)at)level)of))))intra)individual)variability)

• TechnologyNbased)monitoring

When)Domain)Knowledge)))))))))is)Lacking

• Transla-ng)exis-ng)research)into)new)theories

When)Domain)Knowledge)))))))))is)Lacking

• Transla-ng)exis-ng)research)into)new)theories

• Original)research)to)discover)techNmediated)warning)signs)and)symptom)manifesta-ons

Smoking Cessation

• DomainNSpanning)Frameworks)

‣ E.g.,)Transtheore-cal)Model,)Goal)Sepng)Theory

DomainNSpecific)—>)Spanning

• DomainNSpanning)Frameworks)

‣ E.g.,)Transtheore-cal)Model,)Goal)Sepng)Theory

DomainNSpecific)—>)Spanning

• Construc-ng)theory)driven)features)from)social)media)data))

• Dis-nguish)users)who)abstain)vs.)relapse)

• Theore-callyNinformed)categoriza-on)of)cessa-on)mo-ves)and)strategies

Modeling)Smoking)Cessa-on

• Construc-ng)theory)driven)features)from)social)media)data))

• Dis-nguish)users)who)abstain)vs.)relapse)

• Theore-callyNinformed)categoriza-on)of))))))))))))))))))cessa-on)mo-ves)and)strategies

Modeling)Smoking)Cessa-on

Self-Efficacy

• Detec-ng)domainNper-nent)psychological)traits)from)text)traces)

• Outperforms)dataNdriven)approaches)

• DomainNdriven)advantages)

‣ Facilitates)feature)construc-on)

‣ Reduces)computa-onal)costs)

‣ Facilitates)interpreta-on)of)results

DomainNdriven)vs.)DataNdriven

(My) Big Picture

Personalized)Personal)Informa-cs)&)Interven-on)(PPII)

Tailored)interven-on)that)complements)idiosyncra-c,)

domainNrelevant)characteris-cs

Computa-onally)lightweight)profiling)and)personaliza-on

Theore-cal)grounding

DOMAIN33

INQUIRY

DOMAIN)DRIVEN3

MODELING

DOMAIN)AWARE3

DESIGN

Thank)you!

DOMAIN33

INQUIRY

DOMAIN)DRIVEN3

MODELING

DOMAIN)AWARE3

DESIGN

Ques-ons)and)feedback)welcome):))Elizabeth3Murnane3

elm236@cornell.edu

Domain-Driven Personalization of Personal Informatics and...

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