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Off-Grid Renewable Energy Applications – Strategy for Energy Access Biomass Gasifier based Village Electrification Opportunities ASEAN-INDIA Workshop on Cooperation in Renewable Energy 6 th November2012 New Delhi. Dr D K Khare , Director Ministry of New & Renewable Energy - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Off-Grid Renewable Energy Applications –Strategy for Energy Access
Biomass Gasifier based Village Electrification Opportunities
ASEAN-INDIA Workshop onCooperation in Renewable Energy6th November2012New Delhi
Dr D K Khare, DirectorMinistry of New & Renewable
Energywww.mnre.gov.in
Presentation Content Present Electricity Situation in India
Opportunities in Developing Biomass based Decentralized and Off-grid Solutions
Biomass Resource Estimation in India
Biomass Gasifier Based Mini Grids Experimented in India – Business Models
Sustainable Business Opportunities in Future
Present Electricity Situation in India
Problem of Energy Access in Villages
40% population without Energy Access.
No Grid Or No / Erratic Supply Many Hamlets left out
Situation unlikely to improve substantially. Continued/-
India has a 400 million energy poor population…..
• Nearly 75 million rural households without grid connectivity nationally
• The corresponding figure for urban households is 6.5 million
• Residents of off-grid villages resort to burning kerosene in basic lanterns to produce light at night• The average off-grid rural household in India spends Rs.
150 ($3) per month for 5 liters of kerosene for lighting• Many electrified villages also face severe shortage of
electricity• 33% of the Indian population is estimated to be facing
significant under-electrification-accessing less than 50 kWh of electricity per month/household
Rural electrification scenario in IndiaCensus of India, 2011 Out of total 24.67 crores
households (both rural and urban), only 16.59 crores (67.2%) households are using electricity for lighting.
About 45 % (7.50 crores) rural households do not have access to electricity
About 7.75 crores (31.4%) households are using kerosene.
About 11.64 lakh households have no lighting sources in India.
House list Item Absolute numberTotal Rural Urban
Households by main source of lighting Total number of households 246,692,667 167,826,730 78,865,937
Electricity 165,897,294 92,808,038 73,089,256
Kerosene 77,545,034 72,435,303 5,109,731Solar 1,086,893 916,203 170,690Other oil 505,571 407,919 97,652Any other 493,291 361,507 131,784No lighting 1,164,584 897,760 266,824
67%
31%0% 0% 0% 0%
Main Source of Lighting - INDIA 2011
Electricity Kerosene Solar EnergyOther Oil Any Other No Lighting
Electricity for lighting in India
ELECTRICITY FOR LIGHTING -2011 ELECTRICITY FOR LIGHTING -2001
Fuel Used for Cooking
67% households use firewood/crop residue, cow dung cake/coal etc.
(R –87%; U – 26%)
29% households use LPG/PNG/Electricity/Biogas
(R – 12%; U – 66%)
3% households use Kerosene (R – 1%; U – 8%)
Increase of 11 pts in use of LPG (R – 6 pt; U – 17 pt)
Fire-wood; 48.98
LPG/ PNG; 28.55
Crop residue; 8.85000000000001
Cow dung cake; 7.95
Kerosene; 2.9Coal, Lignite, Charcoal; 1.45 Biogas; 0.41 Electricity; 0.1 Any other; 0.48
Fuel used for cooking Total Rural Urban 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011
1. Fire-wood 52.5 49 64.1 62.5 22.7 20.12. Crop residue 10 8.9 13.1 12.3 2.1 1.43. Cow dung cake 9.8 8 12.8 10.9 2 1.74. Coal, Lignite, Charcoal 2 1.4 1.1 0.8 4.6 2.95. Kerosene 6.5 2.9 1.6 0.7 19.2 7.56. LPG/ PNG 17.5 28.5 5.7 11.4 48 657. Electricity 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.28. Biogas 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.49. Any other 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.210. No cooking 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.5
Opportunities in Developing Biomass based Decentralized and Off-grid Solutions
&- Advantage in Decentrised systems- Biomass Resources & its Benefits
The decentralization advantage….
• Scalable• No transmission losses• Demand driven and tailored to local needs• Low gestation periods• Technology ladder can help users select the
economically appropriate system• Biomass resources are available in most
of the villages
Estimated Biomass Resources Estimated Power generation is more than
18,000 MW + from surplus agricultural residues only.
Many unutilized biomass residues such as pine needles, lantana etc. are also available.
In addition, possible to generate about 10,000 MW power from raising dedicated plantations on about 2 million hectare forest and non-forest degraded lands.
Contribution of biomass in power potential -18000 MW
State wise power potential
Biomass Resources-Diverse Sources
Agro residue
Agro-Industrial residue
Forest residue
Energy Plantation
Are we having enough Biomass for Electricity?
Main Drivers are amongst other High potential - About
15,000-18,000 MW Biomass is the only renewable,
which can generate sustainable direct and indirect income for the rural communities - in fact almost half the revenue earned from sale of power directly goes back to the farmers.
Diverse array of proven technology ranging from few kilowatt size to megawatt with both grid and off-grid solutions.
Higher net positive environment benefit.
Benefits of Rural Energy Access through Biomass….
Every MW generated from such plants would be able to cover about 6000 rural household.
Thus, potentially 60 million household, about 80% of the un-served / underserved population of the whole country can be provided energy access by accelerated development of biomass based distributed power generation system - from 10000 MW
Total income potential of about Rs 1.5 crores per year per megawatt
Biomass power is the only renewable energy system, which makes direct contribution in enhancing financial and economic benefits to the farmers in particular and rural economy in general.
Utility would significantly benefit by promoting tail end project due to improved utilisation of rural network, reduction in T&D losses, meeting RPO in the most cost effective manner etc.
Rice Husk Utilization
Study Conducted in 2009-10 to upscale the programme.
Rice Belt – Low per capita electricity & Most backward region
Biomass Gasifier Based Mini Grids Experimented in India – Business Models
Biomass Gasifier Based Mini Grids Husk Power Projects
Biomass based power plants that uses rice husks/agricultural residues
32 kW capacity system with producer gas engine
Current scale- 60 mini-power plants in 250 villages /hamlets powering ~ 25,000 households
Micro-grid/Mini-grids to supply electricity Distribution network over an area of about 2 to
3 km Serves 3-400 households and commercial users
for 6-8 hours daily
Biomass Gasifier based AC mini-grid Model
Husk Power System…the economics
• BOOM- Build, Own, Operate and Maintain model• Use about 2.0 kg per kWh of rice husk and purchased at Rs. 1.0 to 1.50 per kg from rice mills
• Securing source of supply against shortages and price increase
• Households pay fixed monthly charges of Rs. 50 for 15 W CFL, or package of two 15 W CFL's and mobile recharge for a monthly charge of Rs. 100
• Commercial users, irrigation pumps (Rs 50/KWh) pay more
• Prepaid meters to ensure payments, prevent overloads
• Residual ash used for agarbatti making- additional revenue source
• Ministry provides Central Financial assistance of about 40% besides support for distribution network, training and capacity building
Biomass Based Mini Grids Other Projects
• Saran Renewables, DESI Power are other biomass mini grids with broadly similar operations and business models
• Sunderbans based Gosaba island gasifier is the largest and oldest biomass mini grid• 5x100 kW dual fuel biomass gasifiers• 20 km each HT and LT network • 100% funded by the government• Differential pricing for households and businesses
Hybrid AC/DC and Biomass based grids
Gasifier Projects in W Champaran, Bihar
Gasifier Project in Bihar
Mini-grid models more reliable and sustainable compared to stand-alone systems
Build Scale to cut costs and ensure bankability and commercial viability
Government subsidy and bank finance/equity critical
Battery & Grid drive costs – Solar-Biomass Hybrids ?
Load management- anchor/enterprise load and predictability important
Community participation, capacity building and plant O&M
Private Rural Electrification Projects- lessons
Economic Impact
Sustainable Business Opportunities With Biomass Gasifier based electrification –Vision
BIOMASS GASIFIER200 kW(th)
ELECTRICITYGENERATION
50kW
IRRIGATION
BIOMASS FROM FARM
Engine Exhaust (
50Kw at 400 °C)
Engine JacketHeat 50kW at 82.5 °C
RURAL ELECTRIFICATONAGRICULTURE PRODUCTION
Drinking Water. 400 L / Hr.
Cold storage: 20 tn
Energy Interventions should prioritize livelihood generation activities to increase purchasing power
of villagers
LET THERE BE LIGHT
For Cooperation Contact…
Ministry of New & Renewable EnergyGovernment of India
Block No. 14, CGO Complex,Lodhi Road,
New Delhi 110022Website – www.mnre.gov.in
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