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E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Commercial HVACEmerging Technologies
1
Emerging Technologies ShowcaseCommercial HVAC Webinar #2April 14, 2015
Welcome. Today’s webinar is being recorded and will be posted at:• www.E3Tnw.org• www.ConduitNW.org
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
2
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NOTE: Today’s presentation is beingrecorded and will be available at
http://e3tnw.org/Webinarswithin 48 hours
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Variable Capacity Heat Pumps(VCHP – VRF, VRV, DHP…)
Jonathan HellerEcotope
Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (VRF)Variable Split System Heat Pumps
April 14, 2015
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Presentation Overview
Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (VRF) andVariable Split System Heat Pumps
1. Present Range of VCHP Equipment2. Present Features of VCHP that Enable Highly
Efficient System Designs3. Case Studies of Efficient and Inefficient Buildings4. Make Case for Design-based Savings as Opposed
to Widget-based Savings for VCHP Systems
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Variable Capacity Heat Pumps (VCHP)
1. Outdoor Compressor Unit2. Refrigerant distribution System3. Indoor Heating/Cooling Dist. System
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Outdoor Compressor Units
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Refrigerant Distribution System
R-410a
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Heat Recovery 2 vs. 3-pipe
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Indoor Units
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Fan Coil Energy Use
165
120
8 15 15
96 85
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
PSC Fan Coil ECM Fan Coil VRF WallCassette
VRF CeilingCassette
VRF FloorCassette
VRF LowProfileDucted
VRF MediumStatic
Ducted
Wat
ts
Fan Coil Type
(Fan Watts for delivery of 8000 Btuh cooling)
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Variable Speed Split System Heat Pumps
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Electric Heat and Duct Losses
“Box Only” Efficiency
COP ~ 2.7 vs. 2.2
23% Improvement
“System” Efficiency
COP ~ 1.8 vs. 1.5
20% Improvement
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
R-410a: No Need for Back-up or Reheat
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Move Away from Large Central HVAC Systems
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Towards Smaller Zonal Systems
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Move Away from All-In-One HVAC Systems
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Towards Dedicated Ventilation Systems
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Right-Size Mechanical Systems
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Smaller Equipment
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
EUI of Seattle Fire Stations
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
kBtu
/sf-y
r
Seattle Median (97)
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Why are New Stations so Inefficient?
• Continuous ducted central fansystems
• Ventilation at 3x ASHRAE 62• No heat recovery, electric heat on
ventilation air
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Ecotope Case Studies
0102030405060708090
100
2003 CBECS 2008 CBSA 1980s MPR 2002-2004Baseline
KCHA RFM
EUI:
kBtu
/sf-y
r
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Rice Fergus Miller Office: Bremerton, WA
EUI = 21
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Now What?
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Load Reduction Measures
1. Insulation2. Daylighting3. VRF Heat Pumps4. Heat recovery ventilation5. Operable windows – Passive/Active
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Non-Heat Recovery Heat Pump
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging TechnologiesE3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Fan Energy Load Reduction:Ceiling Fans vs. Ducts to Move Air
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
End Use Reductions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CBECS Avg. Office RFM
CoolingHeatingPumpsFansDHWLightsExt UsagePlugs, Elev, Misc.
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Heating Load ~ 12 tons (1350 sf/ton)
Cooling Load ~ 22 Tons (850 sf/ton)
Smaller Mechanical Systems
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Construction Costs breakdown ($/sf)Fire
Protection$1.97
Electrical$17.11
HVAC $9.75
Plumbing$4.83
EverythingElse $71.34
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
LEED Platinum
EUI = 21
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
King County Housing Authority: Tukwila, WA
EUI = 26
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
1980’s Level Envelope
• R-11 Walls
• R-20 Roof
• Uninsulated Slab
• U-0.4 Double Glaze
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
No Economizers
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
No Direct Digital Controls
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
High Efficiency Lights & Plugs
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
2-Pipe VRF with Heat Recovery
48 Tons3 Outdoor Units36 Ductless Units14 Ducted Units50 Zones Total1.33 Ratio Indoor/Outdoor Units
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
DOAS via High Efficiency ERV
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
High Performance, Low Cost
Lights32%
Computers28%Misc.
15%
ERV Fans6%
Heat12%
Cool7%
Energy End Use (EUI 26 kBtu/sf-yr)
HVAC, $14Electric,
$13
Plumbing,$2
Fire, $2
Other, $64
KCHA Construction Budget ($95/sf)
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
System Comparison (KCHA)
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Summary – Variable Speed Splits
• Energy Savings
• Non-Energy Benefits
• Technology Readiness
• Ease of Adoption
• Value
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Summary – VRF
• Energy Savings
• Non-Energy Benefits
• Technology Readiness
• Ease of Adoption
• Value
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
35 26 19 18
58
42
7 4
0102030405060708090
100
2003 CBECSAvg. Office
Seattle Avg.Office
KCHA Rice FergusMiller Office
EUI (
kBtu
/sf-y
r)Lights, Plugs, Misc. HVAC
Energy Savings
** Design-Based vs. Widget-Based Approach
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Non-Energy Benefits
• Smaller equipment and distribution systemspossible. Enables lower floor-to-floor heightsand easier retrofit.
• Greater individual zone control possible• Pre-manufactured systems allow for easier
installation, coordination, commissioning• Quiet
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Technology Readiness
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Ease of Adoption
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Value
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
49
Questions?
Jonathan Heller
Principal EngineerEcotopejheller@ecotope.com
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
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50
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
51
Criteria
1) How significant and reliable are the energy savings per unit?
2) How great are the non-energy advantages for the end userfor adopting this technology?
3) How ready are the products(s) and providers to scale up forwidespread use in the Pacific Northwest?
4) How easy is it for the end user to change to the proposedtechnology?
5) Considering all costs and all benefits, how good of a buy isthis technology for the owner?
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