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EAREAR
Outer EarOuter Ear
FunctionPinnaExternal auditory meatus (canal)
– Ceruminous glands
Tympanic membrane– Eardrum
Middle EarMiddle Ear
Auditory = Eustachian tubeOssicles
– Malleus– Incus– Stapes
Oval windowRound window
Inner EarInner Ear
Osseous labyrinth filled with perilymphMembranous labyrinth filled with
endolymph
Inner EarInner Ear
Vestibule– Utricle– Saccule
Inner EarInner Ear
Semicircular canals– Semicircular ducts
Inner EarInner Ear
CochleaVestibular MembraneBasilar membraneCochlear duct (endolymph)
Inner Ear - CochleaInner Ear - Cochlea
Scala tympaniScala vestibuliSpiral Organ = Organ of Corti
– Receptors for hearing are hair cells on the basilar membrane in the Spiral Organ
HearingHearing
Sound transmission– Tympanic Reflex
High frequency at base of cochleaLow frequency at apex of cochlea
HearingHearing
Auditory pathway
HearingHearing
Pitch determination (20-20,000 cps)
HearingHearing
Loudness 1-120 db
HearingHearing
Localization of soundTime reaching ear and loudness for both
ears
EquilibriumEquilibrium
Utricle and SacculeMacula = receptorOtolithLinear AccelerationLinear DecelerationHead Position
EquilibriumEquilibrium
Semicircular ducts with ampulla- widened part
Crista – hair cellsCupula = endolymphRotational accelerationRotational decelerationVestibular nystagmus
EquilibriumEquilibrium
Dynamic whole body equilibrium
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