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Earth Reinforcement Combined with Other Method
- Case History -
Yoshihisa MIYATANational Defense Academy
Japanese Supporting Committee for TC9
1st meeting of TC9 (2002-2005), Nice, September 23, 2002
How to Spread The Application Field?
• One of Current Task of Earth Reinforcement Technique ---
“ How to Spread The Application Field”
• Course of our research ---“ Development of New Ability “
or“ Improvement of Technical Reliability “
Reinforced Soil Wall
Reinforced Embankment
Nailing Reinforced Foundation
Combination with Other Method
Other Geotechnical MethodsSoil Mixing, EPS, and Preloading + Prestressing etc.
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Reinforced Soil Wall (RSW)Combined with Other Method
Ex.1 RSW with Cement & Short Fiber MixingCement & Short Fiber MixingEx.2 RSW with EPS BlocksEPS BlocksEx.3 RSW with Foam Grass MixingFoam Grass MixingEx.4 RSW with Preloading + PrestressingPreloading + PrestressingEx.5 RSW with Deep Mixing and GroutingDeep Mixing and Grouting
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Ex.1 RSW with Cement & Fiber Mixing
2.0m
1.0m 2.7m0.7m
6.0m
0.3m
0.8m
GeogridTmax = 35kN/m
Fill materialc = 0 kN/m2
φ= 30 deg
c = 210 kN/m2
φ= 0 deg
Improved soil (soil / cement / short fiber)
From Dr. T.Hirai (Mitsui Chemicals Industrial Products Co. Ltd.)
Ex.1 RSW with Cement & Fiber Mixing
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RC Slab
RC Slab
Cover soil
Sand
Tie bar
From Mr. T.Konami (Okasan Livic Co. Ltd)
EPS Blocks
Ex.2 RSW with EPS Blocks
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Ex.2 RSW with EPS Blocks
EPS Blocks
RC slab
Ex.3 RSW with Foam Glass Mixing
Improved soil(recycled foam glass/ soil)φ = 41 degc = 20kN/m2
γt = 1.1 kN/m3
From Mr. T.Konami (Okasan Livic Co. Ltd)
Ex.3 RSW with Foam Glass Mixing
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Foam Glass
Soil
Tie rods
From Mr. T.Uchimura (Univ. of Tokyo)
Ex.4 RSW with Preloading + Prestressing
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Ex.4 RSW with Preloading + Prestressing
Ex.5 RSW with Deep Mixing and Grouting
From Dr. N.Kotake (Toyo Construction Co. Ltd)
Deep Mixing Zone
Jet Grouting Zone
Soft Soil
Reinforced soil wall
Ex.5 RSW with Deep Mixing and Grouting
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Reinforced Embankment (RE)Combined with Other Method
Ex.6 RE with PLPS and DrainagePLPS and DrainageEx.7 RE with Impact AbsorbersImpact Absorbers
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Ex.6 RE with PLPS + Drainage
From Mr. Y.Yokota (Maeda-Kosen Co. Ltd)
Scale : 40m in height, Fill: cohesive soils
Ex.6 RE with PLPS + Drainage
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Ex.7 RE with Impact Absorbers
Impact Transmission Bags
Sandy SoilGeogrid
Impact Catch Bags
Protect Matt
From Mr. Y.Yokota (Maeda-Kosen Co. Ltd)
Ex.7 RE with Impact Absorbers
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Nailing Combined with Other Method
Ex.8 Nailing with Deep MixingDeep MixingEx.9 Nailing with Fiber Reinforced SoilFiber Reinforced SoilEx.10 Nailing with Ring ReinforcementRing Reinforcement
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DAGSIMφ60㎜
Deep Mixing
Ex.8 Nailing with Deep Mixing
From Mr. Y.Otani (Hirose Co. Ltd)
Ex.8 Nailing with Deep Mixing
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Ex.9 Nailing with Cement & Fiber Mixing
Deteriorated shotcrete
Void filling
Repeated grouting type anchor
Propylite
( L=3.0m )
From Dr. H.Wada (Raito Kogyo Co. Ltd)
In the middle of constructionBe
fore
con
stru
ctio
nAfter construction
Ex.9 Nailing with Cement & Fiber Mixing
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Ex.10 Nailing with Ring Reinforcement
From Mr. K.Ogata (Research Institute of Japan Highway Public Co.)
pierStep. 1
Step. 2 Step. 3
Step. 4
Ex.10 Nailing with Ring Reinforcement
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Reinforced Foundation (RF) Combined with Other Method
Ex.11 RF with PilesPilesEx.12 RF with Deep Mixing
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Ex.11 RF with Piles
From Mr. T.Konami (Okasan Livic Co. Ltd) Reference/ Jones, Lawson and Ayres(1990): Geotextile reinforced piled embankments, Geotextile, Geomembranes and related products, Den Hoedt (ed.), Balkema, Rotterdam, pp.155-160.
Pile
Sand
SoftClay
Fill Material
Strip type geosynthetics
Ex.11 RF with Piles
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1.2m
2.0m10.25m
5.5m
2.5m
Soft Clay
Geogrid W = 8m
3.7m5.
0m
6.1m
Ex.12 RF with Deep Mixing
From Dr. T.Hirai (Mitsui Chemicals Industrial Products Co. Ltd.)
Ex.12 RF with Deep Mixing
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Combination method & ICG 2002
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Several related papers are included in the conference proceedings.
Some related sessions will be organized.
-- Reinforced Embankment on piles
(chaired by Prof. Jones and Prof. Lawson)
and so on.
SUMMARY
• Earth reinforcement combined with the other method was focused, and 12 case histories were introduced.
• The introduced technique has new ability, however combined techniques are very traditional each other.
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