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8/8/2019 Ed Fischer Presentation to the Transportation Remix 10-22-10
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International Scan on Pedestrian
and Bicyclist Safety and Mobility:May 2009
Sponsored byFederal Highway Administration (FHWA)
American Association of State Highway TransportationOfficials (AASHTO)
National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP)
N C H R P
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Outline
1. Introduction
2. General Findings: broader issues and themesthat provide context for later details
3. Key Findings: details for the 5Es Engineering
Education
Enforcement
Encouragement Evaluation (Monitoring)
4. Recommendations
2Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations
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May 2009 Scan Tour
4
Bristol London
Berlin
Potsdam
Winterthur
Bern
Copenhagen
Malm
Lund
Nakskov
Sweden
United Kingdom
Denmark
Germany
Switzerland
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Implementing Foreign Practices
Some policies & practices easily transferable
Education, encouragement, enforcement
Some engineering and design practices willlikely require thorough safety evaluation
Differences in culture and behavior, but these can
adapt over time
Typical safety evaluations may not capture longer-
term behavior changes
5Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations
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Historical Perspective
6Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations
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Numerous Factors Contribute to
Safety and Mobility
Urban and land use policy
Political support at all levels, not just staff
Motor vehicle operating costs
Parking policies Enforcement policies
Street design hierarchy
Integration with public transport
Connected on-street and off-street networks Traffic safety education for children
Many other details that make walking and bicyclingeasy, convenient, and enjoyable
7Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations
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Strget, Copenhagen, 1960
8Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations
Source: Gehl and Gemze, New City Spaces, 2000
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Strget, Copenhagen, 2000
9Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations
Source: Gehl and Gemze, New City Spaces, 2000
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Safety-in-Numbers
(Awareness-in-Numbers)
When pedestrians and bicyclists are a
common element on/along streets, motorists
expect their presence
For this reason, biking and walking is actively
promoted beyond providing asphalt and
concrete
10Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations
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Engineering Measures for Pedestrians
Passive detection to
call, truncate, extend,
or cancel pedestrian
phase (PUFFIN signal)
Near-side pedestrian
signal heads
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Engineering Measures for Pedestrians
Near-side traffic signals
Warning beacons for
right-turning motorists
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Engineering Measures for Pedestrians
Refuge islands Railing to direct
pedestrians to preferred
crossing locations
Raised crosswalks at
unsignalized crossings
13Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations
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Bicycle Traffic Calming Device
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Accessible Features
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Accessible Features
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Engineering Measures for Bicyclists
Intersection safety
Convex mirrors
Advanced stop bars
Bicycle-specific traffic signals
Bike boxes
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Engineering Measures for Bicyclists
Separated facilities
Cycle tracks
Separated bike lanes
Shared use paths with
delineated space for
walking and biking
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Engineering Measures for Bicyclists
Pavement markings
Dashed bike lanes through
intersections
Color at conflict points Longitudinal bike symbols
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Low-Speed Street Design
Residential and commercial areas
20 mph, 20 to 30 kilometers per hour
4 conditions for use
55Introduction General Findings Key Findings Recommendations
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Traffic Safety Education
Pervasive, widespread,
ongoing education
programs for children
Participation from widerange of agencies and
organizations
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Widespread Photo Enforcement
Not just a tool for
motor vehicle safety
Better motorist
compliance with speedlimits and traffic signals
improves walking and
biking safety
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Encouragement (Soft Measures)
Promotion was important for both mode
share and safety goals
Variety of programs and activities
Route signing and maps
Online travel planners
Employer-sponsored programs (bike-to-work)
Public health-sponsored programs
Government marketing campaigns
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General Findings
Key Findings Recommendations
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Evaluation (Monitoring)
Regular performance
reports that measure
progress toward policy
goals Pedestrian and bicyclist
mode share
Pedestrian and bicyclist
safety Showcase counters in
highly visible location
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Introduction
General Findings
Key Findings Recommendations
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Recommended Implementation
1. Encourage policies that give biking & walking
modes highest priority in the road user
hierarchy
Most vulnerable road users
Accomplish multiple public policy goals
2. Develop & implement a performance
reporting program that regularly measuresprogress toward stated goals
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General Findings
Key Findings
Recommendations
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Recommended Implementation
3. Evaluate & deploy engineering measures forpedestrian safety
Passive detection
Accessible confirmation for ped pushbuttons Crossing islands
Raised crosswalks at unsignalized ped crossings
Near side pedestrian signals
Near side traffic signals at midblock pedestriancrossing
69Introduction
General Findings
Key Findings
Recommendations
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Recommended Implementation
4. Evaluate & deploy engineering measures for
bicyclist safety
Bike boxes
Bicycle traffic signalsConvex mirrors
Advanced stop bars for bike lanes
Separated facilities
Bicyclist pavement markings
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General Findings
Key Findings
Recommendations
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Recommended Implementation
5. Evaluate applicability of lower-speed street
design in commercial and residential areas
6. Develop guidance on best practices for
integrating biking and walking with public
transit
71I
ntroductionG
eneral FindingsK
ey FindingsR
ecommendations
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Recommended Implementation
7. Institutionalize ongoing traffic safety education
at an early age
8. Unify all US traffic safety campaigns under a
single national brand
9. Promote the use of photo enforcement as a tool
to improve pedestrian and bicyclist safety
10.Develop & implement programs that encourageand enable regular walking and biking
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General Findings
Key Findings
Recommendations
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Next Steps
Scan team identified
numerous approaches
Have already started
implementation phase Will also rely on
champions in the U.S.
to implement policies
and practices
73Introduction
General Findings
Key Findings Recommendations
WANTED:CHAMPIONS
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