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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
The Skeletal System 1The Skeletal System 1
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal SystemParts of the skeletal system
Divided into two divisions
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Functions of BonesFunctions of Bones
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
Storage of minerals and fats
Blood cell formation
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Bones of the Human BodyBones of the Human Body The skeleton has 206 bones
Two basic types of bone tissue
Figure 5.2b
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Classification of Bones on the Classification of Bones on the Basis of ShapeBasis of Shape
Figure 5.1
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Classification of BonesClassification of BonesLong bones
Contain mostly compact bone
• Examples: Femur, humerus
Short bones
Contain mostly spongy bone
Examples: Carpals, tarsals
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Classification of BonesClassification of BonesFlat bones
Usually curved
Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum
Irregular bones
Do not fit into other bone classification categories
Example: Vertebrae and hip
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Gross Anatomy of a Long BoneGross Anatomy of a Long Bone Diaphysis
Epiphysis
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Structures of a Long BoneStructures of a Long Bone
Slide 5.7
Periosteum
Fibrous connective tissue membrane
Sharpey’s fibers Secure periosteum to
underlying bone
Arteries Supply bone cells with
nutrients
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Structures of a Long BoneStructures of a Long Bone Articular cartilage
Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
Made of hyaline cartilage
Figure 5.2a
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Structures of a Long BoneStructures of a Long Bone Medullary cavity
Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults
Contains red marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants Figure 5.2a
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Changes in the Human SkeletonChanges in the Human Skeleton
During development, much of this cartilage is replaced by bone
Cartilage remains in isolated areas
Bridge of the nose
Parts of ribs
Joints
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Bone GrowthBone GrowthEpiphyseal plates allow for growth of long
bone during childhood
New cartilage is continuously formed
Older cartilage becomes ossified
Cartilage is broken down
Bone replaces cartilage
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Long Bone Formation and GrowthLong Bone Formation and Growth
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Long Bone Formation and GrowthLong Bone Formation and Growth
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Bone FracturesBone Fractures A break in a bone
Types of bone fractures
Bone fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization
Realignment of the bone
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Common Types of FracturesCommon Types of Fractures
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Stages in the Healing of a Bone Stages in the Healing of a Bone FractureFracture
Figure 5.5
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton
Divided into three parts
Skull
Vertebral column
Bony thorax
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
The SkullThe Skull Two sets of bones
Bones are joined by sutures
Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
The SkullThe Skull
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Paranasal SinusesParanasal Sinuses Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity
Functions of paranasal sinuses
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
The Hyoid BoneThe Hyoid Bone
Serves as a moveable base for the tongue
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
The Vertebral ColumnThe Vertebral Column Vertebrae separated
by intervertebral discs
Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Structure of a Typical VertebraeStructure of a Typical Vertebrae
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
Regional Characteristics of Regional Characteristics of VertebraeVertebrae
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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems
The Bony ThoraxThe Bony Thorax
Made-up of three parts
Sternum
Ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
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