EEstonia: eGovernment Journey and Challenges Ahead Hannes Astok eGovernment Expert Former Member of...

eEstonia: eGovernment Journey and

Challenges Ahead

Hannes AstokeGovernment Expert

Former Member of the Estonian Parliament

Hannes Astok

• 2011 – Senior eGovernment expert

• 2007-2011 – Member of the Estonian Parliament

• 2005 - Programme Director, municipal and regional eGovernance, e-Governance Academy

• 1998-2005 Deputy Mayor, Tartu City Government

What is E-Governance Academy?

e-Governance Academy (eGA) is a non-profit organisation for the creation and transfer of knowledge concerning e-governance.

Activities:• Research & Analysis • Training • Consultancy

Programs:• Central government program• eDemocracy program• Municipal eGovernance program

www.ega.ee

Population

• Population: 1.351 million• Area: 45,229 km• Population density: 30 inhabitants per km2 • Urban population: 69.3% • Rural population: 30.7%

www.ega.ee

Key elements of Estonian eGovernment

1. Single ID numbers for citizens, businesses, property, etc.

2. Government interoperability environment x-road

3. Digital registries with legal meaning

4. Identification infrastructure: national eID and mobileID, digital signature and time stamp

5. Secure citizen portal www.eesti.ee

6. Secure document exchange portal

Reform of Government Registries 1 Weberian Bureaucracy + Internet

Reform of Government Registries IIOne Stop Shop approach

Reform of Government Registries IIIIntegrated E-Government

INT

ER

OP.

PO

RTA

L

The reasons for success

• General consensus among main forces in Estonian society

• Commitment of political elites• Supportive legislation• Right mix of private and public initiative• Active role of government• Project based development• Little baggage of previous practices

Databases

• Almost every governmental data is today in digital mode. Digitzation starts at 1993.

• Digital data is primary, paper record is copy.• Single entry of the data: on datum is only in one

database. All institutions must use interoperability

• Legislative basis and the legal meaning of the data.

• High demands to data security, access control, data storage and security copies quality.

13 April 2010 www.ega.ee

550 org.

5 110 DB

~ 400 000users

~ 45 000users

200 DB1,100,000

Government interoperability 2001

National chip-based Identity Card e-ID (2002)

• Estonian electronic ID card is the first compulsory national document.

• It serves for visual and electronic authentication purposes.

www.ega.ee

Currently as 5 April 2012

Active cards: 1,163,918 (86% of citizens)

Digital signatures: 75,5 millions

Electronic authentications: 131,4 millions

National chip-based Identity Card e-ID

E-ID is also:• E-health card• Driving licence• Bus ticket• i-Bank access cardCan used as:• Door access card• Library card• etc

Mobile ID (2007)

Mobile ID is development of traditional ID-card-based electronic authentication and digital signature in mobile phone

• ID card (PIN 1,2)• ID card reader• PC with ID card reader and ID card

• Mobile-ID SIM card (PIN 1,2)• Mobile phone• Any PC connected to public Internet

Interneti-

pankInterneti-

pank

ID-card versus Mobile ID

Governmental portal www.eesti.ee (2000)

Governmental portal is the single access point for citizens and businesses to the governmental and municipal electronic services.

The portal provides • information • manuals• downloadable and printable application forms• electronic on-line application forms

Other components

• Document exchange portal, allowing officials to exchange digital documents

• High-speed data networks, mainly provided by private data companies

• Unique standards for system architecture, allowing databases exchange data in universal digital mode

• Security and logging systems for private data protection purposes

• etc

Internet infrastructure

• Internet infrastructure is provided by private companies

• Government assistance programmes to speed up broadband infrastructure development

EstWIN network

• PPP – government and Telcos• Basic fiberoptical network to rural areas• Only market failure areas (no cities)• Connecting village and small cities centers to existing basic

network• Service – rent of dark fibreTo be built:• ca 6000 km fiberoptical cables• ca1400 network end points (with equipment shelf)Project schedule 2009 – 2015Project cost ca 64 M EUR• EU – 90%• Government and partners – 10%

E-Cabinet• In August 2000, the Government of Estonia, as a

world pioneer, changed its Cabinet meetings to paperless sessions using a web-based document system.

Tax declarations on-line Estonia (2000)

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

0102030405060708090

100

9

21

36

59

7482 86 89 91 93 93 94

% e-declarations

Success of e-tax

• Good usability• Data already submitted by tax department

(automated data transfer from companies)• Pre-filled tax declaration: you fill your application

for on 5-10 minutes• Government promise: tax return money transfer

on 5 days

Internet voting (2005)• January 2005 – pilot on local consultation• October 2005 – municipal elections

~ 80% of voters had a chance to vote via Internet

~2% of voters used that possibility

Total internet votes 9 317 • October 2009 – internet voting in municipal elections• Overall turnout 61% • ~ 85% of voters had a chance to vote via Internet • 9,5% of voters used that possibility• 15,7% of votes given on-line

Total internet votes 104 413

National parliamentary elections 2011

• Eligible voters 913 346

• Overall turnout 63,5%

• ~ 90% of voters had a chance to vote via Internet

• 15,3% of voters used that possibility

• 24,3% of votes given on-line

Total internet votes counted 140 846

Presentage of counted e-votesand e-voters Estonia

1,9

5,5

14,7 15,8

24,3

0,93,4

6,5

9,5

15,3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2005 Loc 2007 Gen 2009 EP 2009 Loc 2011 Gen

% of eVotes

% of eVoters

Number of counted e-votesEstonia

9 287

30 243

58 614

104 313

140 846

0

20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

100 000

120 000

140 000

160 000

2005Loc

2007Gen

2009 EP

2009Loc

2011Gen

Nr of e-votes

New challenges

• More services for citizens and businesses!• World goes mobile!• Social media and web 2.0• E-Democracy

– On-line democracy– Participative democracy

The tomorrow of e-government

• Integration of different levels of government in service provision

• 24/7 government• “Do it yourself” government• Almost all applications are mobile

Some working examples of integrated

e-government:

Examples of e-services

• Parential leave benefit claim– 18 data requests between 5 information

systems + calculation = 7 documents in real life = 3 minutes data input +1 mouse click

• ID card as a bus ticket• Registration of an enterprise on-line• Mobile parking for municipalities• Exam results with SMS

How to use social media (web 2.0)?

Where people hanging in the Internet?• In governmental sites?• No! - In portals• In social media: Facebook, Odnoklassniki, QQ,

SecondLife, Orkut, etc

Are they writing letters?• They are sending SMS, e-mails, chatting in MSN,

calling via Skype

What is our response?

Estonian Embassy – SecondLifeBorn 2007

In Memoriam 2011

Estonian MFA in FB

www.ega.ee

Estonian MFA in Twitter

Lessons learned from EstoniaAs government: • let the private sector take initiative• promote all aspects of information society• create and maintain the legislative framework• view IT developments together with public

administrative reform• promote a project based development (more

chance for self-correction, if something doesn’t work)

• And finally, as government: take care of your culture and language (nobody else will do it for you)

www.ega.ee

Thank you for attention!

Please visit:

www.eesti.ee

e-estonia.com

www.egov-estonia.eu

www.ega.ee

www.ega.ee

Hannes Astok

M +372 5091366

E hannes@astok.ee

S hannesastok