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EKM PAPERS
Marine Engineering Knowledge Motor Quetions.
EXAMINATION OF MARINE ENGINEER OFFICER
Function: Marine Engineering at Management Level
MARINE ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE
Answer SIX Questions only.
April 2010.
Same as March 2010.
March 2010.Questions March 2010. Dec 2009, SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed 4stroke enginesExplain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditionExplain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried outIdentify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure.Describe as second engineer your strategy for preventing bolt failure
Question March 2010. SR 11, 9 2008. Sr 12 2007. Jan 2006With reference to crankcase diaphragm glands:Explain why effectiveness deteriorates in service;Describe the procedure for renewal of parts so that efficiency is restored;Describe how effectiveness is restored if spares are unavailable;Explain the functions of the upper and lower sections.
Question March 2010. SR 4 2009, 11, 9 2008. 2006 Sept Jan 2006While operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel.As 2nd Engineer Officer explain the immediate action which should be taken to ensure safe operation of the engine.State, with reasons, the possible places where water could enter the fuel system.State with reason the standing Instructions you As 2nd Engineer Officer would issuewith respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problemsdue to water in the fuel.
Question Sr No 2 FEB 2007With reference to UMS engine remote control and monitoring system:(a) In the event of complete failure of such monitoring and; control systems state,with reasons, how you; as Second Engineer, would organize the engine room Staff to ensure safe operation of the engine during:(i) Normal deep sea conditions,(ii) Maneuvering,State, with reasons, SIX important engine parameters which should be manually monitored following failure of the UMS systemExplain how the cause of failure of the UMS system may be traced-
Question Sr No 2 FEB 2007(a) Describe how crankshaft alignment is checked
Page 1
EKM PAPERSIdentify with-reasons the causes of crankshaft misalignmentState How the measurements are recorded
Question Sr No 2 FEB 2007(a) Define the following conditions relating to lubricating oil(i) Oxidation (ii) Emulsification (iii) AcidityExplain how each of the conditions in Q3 (a) is controlled by maintenanceSuggest possible consequences if the conditions in Q3 (a) change and no corrective action is taken.
Question Sr 3 2008
It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away. What is done to rectify this condition?Done Sr 3 2008
Question SR 4, 2, 2008, 2006 Aug Sr 6.If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?
Done Sr 4 2008.
Feb 2010.
1Questions Nov, 9, 8, 3, 2008, Sr 8 2007. Jan 2006State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engineExplain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunkpiston engineBriefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows:i) Water is presentii) Alkalinity has falleniii) Viscosity has changed appreciablyiv) Carbon content has increasedDone SR 11, 2008
2Questions SR 11, 9 2008, Jan 2006a) A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subject to cracking during thepreceding four monthsi) Explain possible reasons for this crackingii) State with reasons the instructions you, as Chief or 2nd Engineer, would issue in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover crackingCylinder liner wear has increased appreciably during the past six months.Write a brief report to the Engineering Superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes, the immediate action taken to deal with the problemand the action you, as Second Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidentsDone SR 11, 2008
3Question SR 11, 9 2008.Page 2
EKM PAPERSDifficulty has been experienced in maintaining engine speed at set valueState 3 possible causesState how each of these causes may be detectedDescribe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of ME plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipmentDone SR 11, 2008
Question Class 2 2006 AugWith reference to piston ringsState the causes of breakageState how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakageExplain the possible consequence W.R.T. performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severly worn rings
QuestionAs 2nd Engineer describe the procedure involved in the complete inspection of a cylinder unit, indicating areas of significant interest.
Question(a) If an auxiliary diesel generator over-speeds and runs away while off the load, explain: -(i) How it can be stopped,(ii) What is likely to be the reasons for the failure.(b) Give-details of what cheeks are made after the machine has been stopped: (i) Mechanically, (ii) Electrically.
QuestionWith reference to main engine starting and reversing:Define the function of air distributors,Give reasons why air distributors are not fitted to some large direct reversing engines.
JAN 2010.
1Question SR11, 9 2008.
With reference to fouling on the gas side of turbochargers, state
What are the common causes and nature of the deposits?
How it effects engine operation
How it is reduced in practice,
2Question. SR 11, 9 2008, Sr 8 2007, Jan 2006
Explain the term ignition quality as applied to marine fuel oils;Page 3
EKM PAPERS
State, with reasons, the properties of the fuel which can influence ignition quality;
(c) State how an unexpected change in ignition quality would manifest itself in an operating engine.
Explain in detail how an engine would be adjusted in order to burn a fuel having a different ignition quality.
3Questions SR 11, 9 2008. Jan 2006
With reference to torsional vibrations in a main propulsion installation based on medium speed engine gear box and controllable pitch propeller
Explain how the vibrations any be caused
b) State the possible effects and damage that could result
c) Discuss the methods employed to minimise the potential problems associated with torsional vibration
d) Describe how the natural frequency of the system could be modified.
4Question JUNE 2009, Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007, 2006 OCT.
With reference to turbo-chargers:
(a) State how the performance may be assessed;
(b) State how the optimum performance may be maintained;
(c) Explain how two-stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to the machinery avoided if a serious crack is discovered in the turbine end casing such that the turbo-charger may no longer be operated.
5 Question
Electrical power is provided from alternators driven by auxiliary diesel engines.
Using a sketch to illustrate your answer, describe a suitable governor.
Give an account of the governor action to increase the power delivered by the engine in response to a large electrical load increase while also restoring and maintaining the correct frequency.
Explain each of the following:
The necessity for droop;
How droop is affected.
Page 4
EKM PAPERS
6 Question.
The emergency generator for a 300 passenger ship has to be completely renewed. The company contracted for work has no previous experience of marine installation
You as the 2nd engineer have been requested to write the specification for the typeand installation of the generator
Outline your proposal for the type of engine.
State the necessary requirement for approval and certification needed.
7 Question Sr 3 2008. 2006 July Sr 5,
a) Describe with the aid of a sketch, the arrangement of valves and passages for a four stroke engine cylinder head, listing materials used.
With reference to [a] indicate where cracking might be expected stating the likely cause.
Explain the different factors that tend to cause distortion of 4stroke cylinder head.
Explain how the effects described in [c] are minimized.
8 Question Sr 3 2008.
State how each of the following defects become apparent
Describe its effect
Leaky air inlet exhaust valves, air starting valve, cracked liner, broken piston ring.
9Questions Nov, 9, 8, 3, 2008, Sr 8 2007. Jan 2006
State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine
Question
Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunkpiston engine
Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows:
i) Water is presentPage 5
EKM PAPERS
ii) Alkalinity has fallen
iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably
iv) Carbon content has increased
Dec 2009
Question 4 2009, Sr 6 2005.
With reference to recent ratification of MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI, ships will be required to burn low sulphur (1.5%) fuel oil. Discuss the properties of cylinder liner lubricant for compatibility with this type of fuel and the on board management of operating the engines with two different types of fuel for main engine.
Question JAN 2007, Sr 10 2005
How can an explosion occur in the starting air line of an internal combustion engine and how can the possibility of such an occurrence be reduced?
Sketch and describe devices, which may be fitted to reduce the severity of such an explosion.
State the attention which air starting valves should be given before stand by
Question JAN 2007
The vessel you have recently joined as Second Engineer has suffered from frequent damage to fuel injectors in the form of burned nozzles.
State, with reasons, THREE possible causes of burned injector nozzles.
Explain how you would investigate the cause of the problem.
Explain the procedures you would institute in order to minimize future problems of this nature.
Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007.
State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.
Explain how the causes stated in Q.2(a) may be determined.
Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.
Page 6
EKM PAPERS
State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.
Question Oct 2009 Sr 2 2008.
Discuss the importance of correct cylinder lubrication in a diesel engine explaining the possible consequences of both over and under lubrication.
Describe the qualities required in a cylinder lubricant for use in an engine burning high viscosity heavy fuel oil.
Difficulties in achieving correctly timed injection
Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,
With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed 4stroke engines
Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating condition
Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out
Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure.
Describe as Chief engineer your strategy for preventing bolt failure
Question March 2009
With ref to large t/c state
Why blades are loosely attached to turbine rotors
How axial movement of blade is prevented
How blade vibration is damped over a vide rage of speed.
With reason state what material are used for rotor and blades of turbine and compressor
Questions SR 3 2009
Inspection of the main engine in the ship to which you have recently been appointedas chief Engineer reveals that a number of cylinders are suffering from burning andcracking of the piston crowns and burning of the upper parts of the liner.
State, with reasons, the possible causes of such damage.
Explain how you would determine the cause of such damage.Page 7
EKM PAPERS
State the standing instructions, which should be issued with respect to operation and maintenance of the engine in order to ensure that similar damage may be avoidedin the future.
Questions SR 10 2008
(a) Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil.
(b) Explain how an incident of bacterial attack on the main lubricating oil charge of a crosshead engine may be assessed.
(c) Describe the procedure for returning a main engine lubricating oil system to service following a bacterial attack.
Nov 2009
1Question Sr 1 2008. April 2006, Class 4 Sr.No.9 2005
With reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain:
(a) Why flyweights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine.
(b) How dead band effects are reduced
(c) How hunting is reduced
(d) How the output torque is increased.
2Question SR 7 2008, July 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006.
With reference to medium speed engine cylinder liners:
Explain the cause and effects of polishing or glazing;
Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring. And explain how it is fitted in the liner;
Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine;
Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is maintained.
3Question SR 4 2009, 2006 OCT
(a) Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic Control system.
Page 8
EKM PAPERS(b) Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.
4Questions March 2009, 8 2008. Sr 9 2007
Give a list of the properties or test by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use.
Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content.
Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation.
5Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007. Sr 7 2005.
State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.
Explain how the causes stated in Q.2(a) may be determined.
Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.
State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.
6Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006
State the action to be taken in the event of a scavenge fire;
State the action to be taken after scavenge fire has been extinguished
What are the principle causes of fouling and Fires in the Scavenge Air Spaces
What are the Indications of a fire?
What Fire fighting & Preventive measures would you take?
7Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov, Sr 3 March 2006
Fatigue is one of the main causes of crankshaft failure.
(a) Indicate on a sketch the most likely location of a fatigue crack.
(b) Explain how a fatigue failure is identified.
(c) Describe how a fatigue crack may be initiated
Page 9
EKM PAPERS(d) Describe with the aid of sketches, the methods used to inhibit fatigue cracks.
8Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006
a) Describe the various types of indicator diagram and discuss the relevance of this method of determining engine performance
b) Suggest how engine performance may be assessed other than by taking indicator cards
Oct 2009
Question Sr 2 2008.
Explain why the use of residual fuels for the operation of large slow speed or of medium speed engines may be responsible for the following problems with turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades and how, in each case, the problem can be minimised.
Build up of deposits;
Hot corrosion;
Erosion
Question Sr 2 2008.
Explain how static and dynamic imbalance of crankshaft can be overcome.
Discuss the method employed to obtain primary reciprocating balance in an engine and why they are not completely successful
Describe engine addition which may be fitted to overcome problem as resulting from primary or secondary imbalance.
Question Sr 2 2008.
Discuss the importance of correct cylinder lubrication in a diesel engine explaining the possible consequences of both over and under lubrication.
Describe the qualities required in a cylinder lubricant for use in an engine burning high viscosity heavy fuel oil.
Difficulties in achieving correctly timed injection
Page 10
EKM PAPERS
Question Sr 2 2008.
State the indication during engine operation that good combustion is taking place.
State the indication during engine operation that defective combustion is taking place.
List with reasons 5 possible causes of defective combustion giving the rectifying action in each case.
Question Sr 2 2008.
State the indication of a leaking cylinder starting air valve.
Suggest with reasons the possible consequences of permitting a leaking starting airvalve to remain in this condition for a extended period of time.
Identify those factors leading to such leakage.
State how leakage can be avoided in practice.
Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007.
State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.
Explain how the causes stated in Q.2 (a) may be determined.
Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.
State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.
Done Sr 3 2009.
Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,
With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines:
(a) Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions;
(b) Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure;
(c) Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out
(d) Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure.
Done SR 1 2009
Page 11
EKM PAPERS
Aug 2009
Question March 2009, Emergy set 2006
Describe with the aid of sketches a turbocharger lubrication system; stating the type of bearing employed
Question March 2009. Sr 7 2005.
Recent experience has shown persistence damage occurring on seating faces of main engine exhaust valve, which is not confined to any particular unit.
State with reason the possible causes
State the short term action to be taken in order to minimize engine operational problem
State with reason how future incident of this nature could be minimized
Question
At a certain speed vibration occurs in a turbocharger.
State with reasons the possible causes
Explain how the cause can be detected and corrected
Explain how the risk of future incidents can be minimized
Question JAN 2007
State four operational conditions that may lead to vibration of main transmission shafting.
Suggest methods to reduce the vibration levels that occur in main transmission shafting.
Question JAN 2007
(a) Sketch diagrammatically a device for controlling the viscosity of the fuel oil to the injectors.
(b) State the value at which the viscosity should be maintained.
(c) If the viscosity controller were to be inoperative what means may then be employed to operate the engine satisfactorily.
Page 12
EKM PAPERS
Question Sr 2 2008.
State the indication during engine operation that good combustion is taking place.
State the indication during engine operation that defective combustion is taking place.
List with reasons 5 possible causes of defective combustion giving the rectifying action in each case.
Question Sr 2 2008.
State the indication of a leaking cylinder starting air valve.
Suggest with reasons the possible consequences of permitting a leaking starting airvalve to remain in this condition for a extended period of time.
Identify those factors leading to such leakage.
State how leakage can be avoided in practice.
July 2009
Question Sr 1 2008. April 2006, Class 4 Sr.No.9 2005
With reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain:
(a) Why flyweights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine.
(b) How dead band effects are reduced
(c) How hunting is reduced
(d) How the output torque is increased.
Done Nov 2009
Question SR 7 2008, July 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006.
With reference to medium speed engine cylinder liners:
Explain the cause and effects of polishing or glazing;
Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring. And explain how it is fitted in the liner;
Page 13
EKM PAPERS
Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine;
Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is maintained.
Done Nov 2009
Question SR 4 2009, 2006 OCT
(a) Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic Control system.
(b) Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.
Done Nov 2009
Questions March 2009, 8 2008. Sr 9 2007
Give a list of the properties or test by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use.
Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content.
Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation.
Done Nov 2009
Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007. Sr 7 2005.
State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.
Explain how the causes stated in Q.2(a) may be determined.
Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.
State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.
Done Nov 2009
Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006
State the action to be taken in the event of a scavenge fire;
Page 14
EKM PAPERSState the action to be taken after scavenge fire has been extinguished
What are the principle causes of fouling and Fires in the Scavenge Air Spaces
What are the Indications of a fire?
What Fire fighting & Preventive measures would you take?
Done Nov 2009
Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov, Sr 3 March 2006
Fatigue is one of the main causes of crankshaft failure.
(a) Indicate on a sketch the most likely location of a fatigue crack.
(b) Explain how a fatigue failure is identified.
(c) Describe how a fatigue crack may be initiated
(d) Describe with the aid of sketches, the methods used to inhibit fatigue cracks.
Done Nov 2009
Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006
a) Describe the various types of indicator diagram and discuss the relevance of this method of determining engine performance
b) Suggest how engine performance may be assessed other than by taking indicator cards
Done Nov 2009
2009 June
1Question. JUNE 2009
You have been appointed as the Second Engineer of an eight years old vessel; recently purchased by your shipping company. Write a report to the engineering superintendent covering the inspection of main propulsion machinery carried out by you to ensure its trouble free operation.
2Question JUNE 2009, SR 3, 2 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008. Sr 3 March 2006
Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil
Page 15
EKM PAPERSBacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which you are serving as 2nd eng
Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intend to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents
3Question. JUNE 2009
Misalignment of main shafting bearing engine and propeller causes bearing overload and shaft stress.
State the difficulties associated with checking shaft alignment and the reasons whyresult are unreliable due to external factors.
Explain with a simple sketch how a bearing load is assessed
Explain how uneven loading could be rectified.
4Question JUNE 2009, Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006
(a) Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates.
(b) List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each.
5Question JUNE 2009, Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006
Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons.
Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore.
Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices
6Question JUNE 2009, Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007,
(a) A set of indicator diagram including draw cards has been taken for a main diesel engine; examine critically, the following if the compression curve is normal:
(i) The maximum pressure is lower,
(ii) The maximum pressure is higher
(iii)The expansion curve is lower
(iv)The expansion curve is higher .Page 16
EKM PAPERS
(b) Describe how the faults as mentioned above can be rectified.
7Questions JUNE 2009, SR 4, 1 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008. 2006 OCT
Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.
Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing
8Question JUNE 2009, Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007, 2006 OCT.
With reference to turbo-chargers:
(a) State how the performance may be assessed;
(b) State how the optimum performance may be maintained;
(c) Explain how two-stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to the machinery avoided if a serious crack is discovered in the turbine end casing such that the turbo-charger may no longer be operated.
9Question JUNE 2009, Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007. 2006 OCT, Sr 6 2005
In engine rooms that are operated under UMS conditions describe with the aid of sketches how the following are monitored
(a) The perforation of a high pressure fuel pipe
(b) The imminence or possibility of scavenge fire
(c) Condition that may be conducive to a crank case explosion
Sr 4 April 2009
1Questions SR 4, 2 2009, SR 8 2008. Emergy set 2006
As second engineer you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator card (diagram)
From the large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand ship
Describe your initial checks and preparations
State with reason the types of card you would consider necessary and explain the procedure for obtaining these.
Page 17
EKM PAPERSState in order of importance the additional information required with the card
State your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder power
State the procedure for Power calculation and Fault diagnosis
2Question 4 2009, Sr 6 2005.
With reference to recent ratification of MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI, ships will be required to burn low sulphur (1.5%) fuel oil. Discuss the properties of cylinder liner lubricant for compatibility with this type of fuel and the on board management of operating the engines with two different types of fuel for main engine.
3Question SR 4 2009, 2006 OCT
(a) Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic Control system.
(b) Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.
4Question Sr 4 2009, 2006 Sept
Identify the principal factors responsible for fouling of the gas side of turbo chargers?
What are the effects of running engines with fouled turbo chargers & how it is identified?
5Questions SR 4 2009, 11, 9 2008. 2006 Sept
While operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel.
As 2nd Engineer Officer explain the immediate action which should be taken to ensure safe operation of the engine.
State, with reasons, the possible places where water could enter the fuel system
State with reason the standing Instructions you As 2nd Engineer Officer would issuewith respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problemsdue to water in the fuel.
Page 18
EKM PAPERS6Questions SR 4 2009, 2006 Sept
Write short notes on the following giving reasons and remedies:
Crank case explosion.
ME #1 unit exhaust temperature high
7Questions JUNE 2009, SR 4, 1 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008. 2006 OCT
Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.
Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing
Done JUNE 2009
8Question JUNE 2009, Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007, 2006 OCT.
With reference to turbo-chargers:
(a) State how the performance may be assessed;
(b) State how the optimum performance may be maintained;
(c) Explain how two-stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to the machinery avoided if a serious crack is discovered in the turbine end casing such that the turbo-charger may no longer be operated.
Done JUNE 2009
9Question JUNE 2009, Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007. 2006 OCT, Sr 6 2005
In engine rooms that are operated under UMS conditions describe with the aid of sketches how the following are monitored
(a) The perforation of a high pressure fuel pipe
(b) The imminence or possibility of scavenge fire
(c) Condition that may be conducive to a crank case explosion
Done JUNE 2009
Sr 3 March 2009
1Question March 2009, Emergy set 2006Page 19
EKM PAPERS
Describe with the aid of sketches a turbocharger lubrication system; stating the type of bearing employed
2Question March 2009. Sr 7 2005.
Recent experience has shown persistence damage occurring on seating faces of main engine exhaust valve, which is not confined to any particular unit.
State with reason the possible causes
State the short term action to be taken in order to minimize engine operational problem
State with reason how future incident of this nature could be minimized
3Question SR 4, March 2009
(a) Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic Control system.
(b) Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.
Answer.
Done SR 4 2009
4Questions March 2009, 8 2008. Sr 9 2007
Give a list of the properties or test by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use.
Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content.
Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation.
5Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007. Sr 7 2005.
State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.
Explain how the causes stated in Q.2(a) may be determined.
Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.
Page 20
EKM PAPERSState the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.
6Question March 2009
With ref to large t/c state
Why blades are loosely attached to turbine rotors
How axial movement of blade is prevented
How blade vibration is damped over a vide rage of speed.
With reason state what material are used for rotor and blades of turbine and compressor
7Questions SR 3 2009
Inspection of the main engine in the ship to which you have recently been appointedas chief Engineer reveals that a number of cylinders are suffering from burning andcracking of the piston crowns and burning of the upper parts of the liner.State, with reasons, the possible causes of such damage.Explain how you would determine the cause of such damage.State the standing instructions, which should be issued with respect to operation and maintenance of the engine in order to ensure that similar damage may be avoidedin the future.
8Question SR 3, 2 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008. Sr 3 March 2006Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oilBacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which you are serving as 2nd engWrite a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intend to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidentsDone June 2009
Sr 2 Feb 2009
1Questions April Feb 2009, SR 8 2008.
As Second Engineer, you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator cards fromthe large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand ship.(a) Describe your initial checks and preparations.(b) State, with reasons- the types of cards you would consider necessary and explain the procedures for obtaining these.(c) State, in order of importance, the additional information required with the cards.(d) State your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder power.
Page 21
EKM PAPERSDone April 2009
2Question Feb 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008.
Write a report to your company sup outlining the breakdown of a diesel gen engine and suggest remedial measures to prevent recurrence of similar trouble
3Question March, 2 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008.Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oilBacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which you are serving as 2nd engWrite a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intend to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents.Done March 2009
4Question SR 2 2009With reference to turbocharger.a) Explain why when surging occurs the speed of the turbocharger is seen to change slightlyb) Give examples of defects likely to result in surgingc) Explain in simple terms what occurs in a turbocharger and the diesel engine as speed/power increases, and base on this an explanation of what matching of a turbocharger with an engine impliesd) State the advantages of fitting uncooled turbochargers
5Question SR 2 2009. 2006 July Sr 5Sketch and describe the construction and action of either a hydraulic governor or an electrical governor suitable for a main propulsion engine.State the main faults to which the governor described above are prone to.The action to be taken if immediate correction cannot be achieved and the engine must be operated.
6Question SR 2 2009, Sr 8 2007. Sr 3 March 2006With reference to a particular make of main propulsion unit, describe how the engine is reversed manually and discuss the problems involved and the safety precautions which would be required if the control were operated remote from the machinery space.State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.
Page 22
EKM PAPERS
7Question SR 2 2009, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006Describe the precaution necessary during the initial running - in of an Auxiliary Engine run on HFO, which is newly installed or has had a major overhaul.Explain the possible causes of oxidation of lubricating oil.State the frequency with which oil samples should be taken for analysis.
8Question SR 2 2009. Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006With reference to Turbochargers;Explain how corrosion can occur on the gas side of a turbocharger casing.Describe the process and safeguards necessary when water washing the air side.Explain the possible disadvantage of water washing the gas side.
Sr 1 Jan 2009
1Questions Jan 2009, SR 10 2008.
It is reported to you that the vessel you are about to join as Second Engineer has recently suffered a number of top end bearing failures.
(a) State, with reasons, the information and documents you would require in order to enable you to assess the cause of such failures.
(b) State, with reasons, possible causes of top end bearing failures.
(c) State, with reasons, the procedures you would institute in order to minimize the risk of future failures.
2Questions SR 1 2009, Sr 10 2008.
During morning inspection after an overnight period, of UMS operation the followingchanges were detected:
(ii) An alteration in engine speed.
(iii) A change in exhaust temperature spread pattern.
(a) Explain, with reasons, the possible causes of such changes.
(b) Indicate how normal operations might be restored.
3Questions Jan 2009, Sr 10 2008.
Crankshaft deflections taken from a large slow speed engine show an apparent alignment problem.
(a) (i) Describe the investigation to find the actual degree of misalignment,
Page 23
EKM PAPERS(ii) State FOUR possible causes of the misalignment.
(b) State the influence of changes of hull loading, sea water temperature and the temperature of the deck on crankshaft alignment.
(c) State why bearing wear may be a result of misalignment rather than a cause.
4Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008, Jan 2006
With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed 4stroke engines
Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating condition
Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out
Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure.
Describe as second engineer your strategy for preventing bolt failure
5Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007.
State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.
Answer-
Done March 2009
6Questions SR 4, 1 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008.
Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.
Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing
Answer.
Done April 2009
7Question Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007
With reference to turbocharger
State how the performance may be assessed
State how the optimum performance may be maintained
Page 24
EKM PAPERSExplain how 2stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to machinery avoided if serious cracks in the turbine end casing such that the turbocharger may no longer be operated.
Answer.
Done April 2009
8Question Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007.
In engine rooms that are operated under UMS conditions describe with the aid of sketches how the following are monitored
(a) The perforation of a high pressure fuel pipe
(b) The imminence or possibility of scavenge fire
(c) Condition that may be conducive to a crank case explosion
Answer.
Done April 2009
Dec Sr 12 2008 same as Sr 1 2009.
Sr 11 Nov 2008
1Questions Nov, 9, 8, 3, 2008, Sr 8 2007. Jan 2006
State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine
Question
Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunkpiston engine
Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows:
i) Water is present
ii) Alkalinity has fallen
iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably
iv) Carbon content has increased
2Questions SR 11, 9 2008, Jan 2006
a) A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subject to cracking during thepreceding four months
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EKM PAPERS
i) Explain possible reasons for this cracking
ii) State with reasons the instructions you, as Chief or 2nd Engineer, would issue in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover cracking
Cylinder liner wear has increased appreciably during the past six months.
Write a brief report to the Engineering Superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes, the immediate action taken to deal with the problemand the action you, as Second Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidents
3Question SR 11, 9 2008.
Difficulty has been experienced in maintaining engine speed at set value
State 3 possible causes
State how each of these causes may be detected
Describe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of ME plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipment
4Question SR11, 9 2008.
With reference to fouling on the gas side of turbochargers, state
What are the common causes and nature of the deposits?
How it effects engine operation
How it is reduced in practice,
5Question. SR 11, 9 2008, Sr 8 2007, Jan 2006
Explain the term ignition quality as applied to marine fuel oils;
State, with reasons, the properties of the fuel which can influence ignition quality;
(c) State how an unexpected change in ignition quality would manifest itself in an operating engine.
Explain in detail how an engine would be adjusted in order to burn a fuel having a different ignition quality.
6Questions SR 11, 9 2008. Jan 2006Page 26
EKM PAPERS
With reference to torsional vibrations in a main propulsion installation based on medium speed engine gear box and controllable pitch propeller
Explain how the vibrations any be caused
b) State the possible effects and damage that could result
c) Discuss the methods employed to minimise the potential problems associated with torsional vibration
d) Describe how the natural frequency of the system could be modified.
7Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,
With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines:
(a) Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions;
(b) Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure;
(c) Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out
(d) Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure.
Done SR 1 2009
8Questions SR 11, 9 2008. Sr 12 2007.
With reference to crankcase diaphragm glands:
Explain why effectiveness deteriorates in service;
Describe the procedure for renewal of parts so that efficiency is restored;
Describe how effectiveness is restored if spares are unavailable;
Explain the functions of the upper and lower sections.
9Questions SR 4 2009, 11, 9 2008.
Whilst operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel.
(a) State, with reasons, the immediate action you as Second Engineer would take to ensure the safe operation of the main engine.
(b) State, with reasons, the possible places where water could enter the fuel system.
(c). State, with reasons, the standing instructions you as Second Engineer would Page 27
EKM PAPERSissue with respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problems due to water in the fuel.
Answer
Done Sr 4 2009.
SR 10 2008
1Questions Jan 2009, SR 10 2008.
It is reported to you that the vessel you are about to join as Second Engineer has recently suffered a number of top end bearing failures.
(a) State, with reasons, the information and documents you would require in order to enable you to assess the cause of such failures.
(b) State, with reasons, possible causes of top end bearing failures.
(c) State, with reasons, the procedures you would institute in order to minimize the risk of future failures.
Done Jan 2009
2Questions SR 1 2009, Sr 10 2008.
During morning inspection after an overnight period, of UMS operation the followingchanges were detected:
(ii) An alteration in engine speed.
(iii) A change in exhaust temperature spread pattern.
(a) Explain, with reasons, the possible causes of such changes.
(b) Indicate how normal operations might be restored.
Done Jan 2009
3Questions Jan 2009, Sr 10 2008.
Crankshaft deflections taken from a large slow speed engine show an apparent alignment problem.
(a) (i) Describe the investigation to find the actual degree of misalignment,
(ii) State FOUR possible causes of the misalignment.
(b) State the influence of changes of hull loading, sea water temperature and the temperature of the deck on crankshaft alignment.
(c) State why bearing wear may be a result of misalignment rather than a cause.Page 28
EKM PAPERS
Done Jan 2009
4Questions Sr 10 2008.
With reference to the cylinder lubrication of a large slow speed engine:
(a) Explain, with the aid of a sketch, the operation of a cylinder lubricator, indicating how quantity adjustments may be conducted;
(b) State the advantages of the relative vertical positions of cylinder lubricatingquills used by different engine manufacturers;
(c) Describe TWO features that assist the spread of the oil;
(d) Describe how you, as Second Engineer would assess liner wear and decide when renewal is necessary;
(e) State the effect of low sulphur fuels on cylinder lubrication.
5Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,
With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines:
(a) Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions;
(b) Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure;
(c) Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out
(d) Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure.
Done Jan 2009
6Questions
(a) With the aid of a block diagram describe the operation of an electronic governor for an internal combustion engine.
(b) State THREE problems to which such a governor is prone and explain how EACH becomes evident.
(c) In the event of the governor on a direct drive engine becoming inoperative state the action you, as Second Engineer, would take in order to ensure safe operation of the engine.
7QuestionsPage 29
EKM PAPERS
With reference to large turbochargers state:
(a.) Why the blades are loosely attached to the turbine rotors?
(b) How axial movement of the blades is prevented?
c) How blade vibration is damped over a wide range of speeds?
(d) What materials are used for rotor and blades of turbines and compressors? Give reasons.
Done April 2009
8Questions
Inspection of the main engine shows that a number of cylinders are suffering from burning and cracking of the piston crowns and burning of the upper parts of the liner.
(a) State, with reasons, the possible causes of such damage,
(b) Explain the action-a Second Engineer Officer should take in order to determine the actual cause of such damage.
(c) State the standing instructions which a Second Engineer Officer should issue with respect to operation and maintenance of the engine in order to ensure that similar damage may be avoided.
Done April 2009
9Questions
(a) Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil.
(b) Explain how an incident of bacterial attack on the main lubricating oil charge of a crosshead engine may be assessed.
(c) Describe the procedure for returning a main engine lubricating oil system to service following a bacterial attack.
Done April 2009
Sr 9 2008
Sr 9 2008 Same as Sr 11 Nov 2008
Sr 8 2008
1Questions March 2009, 8 2008. Sr 9 2007
Page 30
EKM PAPERSGive a list of the properties or test by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use.
Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content.
Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation.
Done March 2009
2Question SR 1, 8 2008.
(a) Outline the possible events leading to an explosion in the crankcase of a diesel engine.
(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the operation of a mist detector.
(c) State how overheating might be indicated other than by a mist detector.
(d) Explain how the severity of a crankcase explosion is limited.
(e) Explain how the severity of a crankcase explosion is limited.
(f) Emission of flame has in the past caused severe burns to personnel during a crankcase explosion, despite the addition of flame traps. Discuss the procedure in the event of overheating being indicated.
3Questions SR 8 2008. 2006 Sept
State how a cylinder liner is checked for wear?
How these measurements are recorded?
What types of wear takes place in a cylinder liner?
Where does the maximum wear take place &why?
4Questions SR 8 2008.
(a) Sketch the profiles of ahead and astern cams for a main engine fuel injector.
(b) Show, using a simple sketch, how the cams are mounted on the shaft?
5Questions Nov 9 8 3 2008, Sr 8 2007.
(a) State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is tobeused for a trunk piston main engine.
Page 31
EKM PAPERS(b) Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunk piston engine.
(c) Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil charge cannot immediately be replaced and analysis; shows:
(1) Water is present;
(2) Alkalinity, has fallen;
(3)Viscosity has changed appreciably;
(4)Carbon content has increased.
Done Sr 11 Nov 2008.
6Questions SR 4, 2 2009, SR 8 2008.
As Second Engineer, you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator cards fromthe large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand ship.
(a) Describe your initial checks and preparations.
(b) State, with reasons- the types of cards you would consider necessary and explain the procedures for obtaining these.
(c) State, in order of importance, the additional information required with the cards.
(d) State your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder power.
Done SR 4 April 2009
7Question Feb 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008.
Write a report to your company sup outlining the breakdown of a diesel gen engine and suggest remedial measures to prevent recurrence of similar trouble
Done Feb 2009
8Question March, 2 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008.
Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil
Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which you are serving as 2nd eng
Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intend to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents.
Done March 2009Page 32
EKM PAPERS
Sr 7 2008
1Question SR 7 2008.
Following a recent turbocharger overhaul it is observed that the scavenge air pressure is lower than it was previously and the engine power output is also reduced.
State, with reasons, the possible causes of the problem.
State, with reasons, what engine operational information should be gathered in order to enable the possible cause of the problem to be detected.
Explain how the defect may be rectified.
State the instructions, which should be issued with respect to future turbocharger overhauls in order to prevent similar incidents.
2Question SR 7 2008.
The vessel which you are about to join as Second Engineer has recently suffered three main bearing failures. State, with reasons for your answer, EACH of the following:
The information and documents you would require in order to e ;able you to assess the cause of such failures;
Possible causes of main bearing failures;
The procedures you would institute in order to minimise the risk of future failures;
3Question SR 7 2008, July 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006.
With reference to medium speed engine cylinder liners:
Explain the cause and effects of polishing or glazing;
Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring. And explain how it is fitted in the liner;
Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine;
Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is maintained.
4Question SR 7, 3, 2008, 2006 Aug.
Page 33
EKM PAPERSWith reference to piston rings
State the causes of breakage
State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage
Explain the possible consequence W.R.T. performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings
5Question SR 7, 3 2008, 2 2006 Aug.
It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away. What is done to rectify this condition?
6Question SR 7, 4 2008, Sr 12 2007. 2006 Sr 6.
What is the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems as applied to a compression ignition engine
Sketch and describe one of these systems
What additional air charging arrangement may be provided for use when the main engine is being started or run at slow speed?
Question SR 4 2008. 2006 Sr 6
An auxiliary engine exhibits a tendency to hunt to such an extent that the engine speed varies and prohibit the connection of the machine to the switch board
Discuss the possible causes of hunting
Explain how the problem of hunting may be rectified
7Questions SR 7, 4 2008. 2006 Aug Sr 6
Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain
Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operationof engine give possible reasons for failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension
Sr 6 2008
Question Sr 6 2008.Page 34
EKM PAPERS
During a river passage the propeller of a light ship is rotating at dead slow revolutions ahead when it strikes a large floating object causing a momentary drop in engine revolutions. As the Second Engineer of the vessel describe in report format the inspection of the vessel's propulsion and transmission system, that you would supervise to ensure it is safe for the vessel to continue its voyage Assume that the vessel is anchored and that no outside assistance is available.
Question SR 7, 3, 2008, 2006 Aug.
With reference to piston rings:
a) State with reasons the causes of breakage.
b) State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage.
Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings.
Done Sr 7 2008.
Question SR 7, 4 2008, Sr 12 2007. 2006 Sr 6.
Explain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.
What additional air charging arrangements may be provided for use when the main engine is being started or run at low speeds?
Explain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.
Done SR 7 2008.
Question
In the case of a main propulsion engine explain the indications and possible effects which might be expected from:
(a) Insufficient bearing clearance,
(b) Excessive bearing clearance and
(c) Crankshaft misalignment
Question
Valves of some main engine exhaust temperatures displayed in the engine control Page 35
EKM PAPERSroom differ from those displayed on the engine for the same cylinders.
Explain how it may be determined which readings are inaccurate.
State possible reasons for these inaccurate readings.
Explain how the location of the faults may be detected.
State the periodic checks which should be undertaken to ensure that remote engine instrumentation is reading accurately.
Questions SR 7, 4 2008.
Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain
Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operationof engine give possible reasons for failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension.
Done SR 7 2008.
Question SR 4 2008. 2006 Sr 6
An auxiliary engine exhibits a tendency to hunt to such an extent that the engine speed varies and prohibit the connection of the machine to the switch board
Discuss the possible causes of hunting
Explain how the problem of hunting may be rectified
Done SR 4 2008
Sr 4 2008
Question SR 4, 2, 2008, 2006 Aug Sr 6.
If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?
Question SR 7, 4 2008, Sr 12 2007. 2006 Sr 6.
Explain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.
What additional air charging arrangements may be provided for use when the main engine is being started or run at low speeds?
Page 36
EKM PAPERSExplain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.
Done SR 7 2008.
Question SR 4 2008.
With reference to crankshafts and piston crowns outline the main stresses to which the parts are subjected.
In each case explain how the stresses are generated and how they vary in magnitude and direction during one cycle
Question SR 4 2008.
Describe using sketches a top end bearing arrangement designed to minimize risk of oil film overload
Explain why successful lubrication of top end bearing is difficult to achieve in practice
Question
Explain why cleanliness through out the turbocharger system is critical to engine performance.
Describe the in service cleaning procedure for gas and air side indicating safety procedure.
Question SR 4 2008. 2006 Sr 6
An auxiliary engine exhibits a tendency to hunt to such an extent that the engine speed varies and prohibit the connection of the machine to the switch board
Discuss the possible causes of hunting
Explain how the problem of hunting may be rectified
Done SR 7 2008.
Questions SR 7, 4 2008.
Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain
Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operationof engine give possible reasons for failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension.
Page 37
EKM PAPERSDone SR 7 2008.
Sr 3 2008.
Question Sr 3 2008. 2006 July Sr 5,
a) Describe with the aid of a sketch, the arrangement of valves and passages for a four stroke engine cylinder head, listing materials used.
With reference to [a] indicate where cracking might be expected stating the likely cause.
Explain the different factors that tend to cause distortion of 4stroke cylinder head.
Explain how the effects described in [c] are minimized.
Question Sr 3 2008.
State how each of the following defects become apparent
Describe its effect
Leaky air inlet exhaust valves, air starting valve, cracked liner, broken piston ring.
Questions Nov 9 8 3 2008, Sr 8 2007.
(a) State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is tobeused for a trunk piston main engine.
(b) Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunk piston engine.
(c) Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil charge cannot immediately be replaced and analysis; shows:
(1) Water is present;
(2) Alkalinity, has fallen;
(3)Viscosity has changed appreciably;
(4)Carbon content has increased.
Done Sr 11 Nov 2008.
Question Sr 3 2008. 2006 AugPage 38
EKM PAPERS
It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away. What is done to rectify this condition?
Question SR 4, 2, 2008, 2006 Aug Sr 6.
If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?
Done Sr 4 2008.
Question SR 7, 3, 2008, 2006 Aug.
With reference to piston rings:
a) State with reasons the causes of breakage.
b) State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage.
Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings.
Done Sr 7 2008.
Question Sr 3 2008.
Describe the examination carried out before dismantling main Bearings, How are mainbearings removed from the bearing pocket?
Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007.
State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.
Explain how the causes stated in Q.2 (a) may be determined.
Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.
State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.
Done Sr 3 2009.
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EKM PAPERS
Sr 2 2008.
Question Sr 2 2008.
Explain why the use of residual fuels for the operation of large slow speed or of medium speed engines may be responsible for the following problems with turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades and how, in each case, the problem can be minimised.
Build up of deposits;
Hot corrosion;
Erosion
Question Sr 2 2008.
Explain how static and dynamic imbalance of crankshaft can be overcome.
Discuss the method employed to obtain primary reciprocating balance in an engine and why they are not completely successful
Describe engine addition which may be fitted to overcome problem as resulting from primary or secondary imbalance.
Question Sr 2 2008.
Discuss the importance of correct cylinder lubrication in a diesel engine explaining the possible consequences of both over and under lubrication.
Describe the qualities required in a cylinder lubricant for use in an engine burning high viscosity heavy fuel oil.
Difficulties in achieving correctly timed injection
Question Sr 2 2008.
State the indication during engine operation that good combustion is taking place.
State the indication during engine operation that defective combustion is taking place.
List with reasons 5 possible causes of defective combustion giving the rectifying action in each case.
Question Sr 2 2008.
Page 40
EKM PAPERSState the indication of a leaking cylinder starting air valve.
Suggest with reasons the possible consequences of permitting a leaking starting airvalve to remain in this condition for a extended period of time.
Identify those factors leading to such leakage.
State how leakage can be avoided in practice.
Question SR 3, 1 2009, Sr 2, 3 2008. Sr 12, 9 2007.
State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.
Explain how the causes stated in Q.2 (a) may be determined.
Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.
State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.
Done Sr 3 2009.
Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,
With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines:
(a) Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions;
(b) Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure;
(c) Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out
(d) Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure.
Done SR 1 2009
Sr 1 2008.
Question Sr 1 2008. 2006 OCT
(a) Sketch a cylinder relief valve suitable for a large slow speed engine
(b) Describe its salient design features
(c) State the purpose of fitting such a device
(d) State the possible circumstances when the relief valve may lift and indicate the action to be taken to prevent damage to the engine.
Page 41
EKM PAPERS
Question Sr 1 2008. April 2006,
With reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain:
(a) Why flyweights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine.
(b) How dead band effects are reduced
(c) How hunting is reduced
(d) How the output torque is increased.
Question Sr 1 2008. Sr 9 2005
Define the meaning of the term critical speed range as applied to diesel engine
Explain why an engine should not be operated continuously in or near this range
Explain the effect of critical speed is reduced
Question Sr 1 2008. Sr 9 2005
Identify the factors which could be responsible for initiation and propagation of explosions in air start system
Explain how the possibility of an explosion in an air start system is minimized
Describe the devices required for air start systems, which are intended to dissipate the energy of an explosion
Question Sr 1 2008.
(a) (i) Describe with the aid of a sketch, a main engine exhaust valve which is hydraulically operated.
(ii) Explain the operation of this valve
(b) State the materials used for the seat and valve described in Q.(a)
Question SR 1, 8 2008.
(a) Outline the possible events leading to an explosion in the crankcase of a diesel engine.
Page 42
EKM PAPERS(b) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the operation of a mist detector.
(c) State how overheating might be indicated other than by a mist detector.
(d) Explain how the severity of a crankcase explosion is limited.
(e) Explain how the severity of a crankcase explosion is limited.
(f) Emission of flame has in the past caused severe burns to personnel during a crankcase explosion, despite the addition of flame traps. Discuss the procedure in the event of overheating being indicated.
Question Sr 1 2008.
With reference to fuel storage
Explain the meaning of the term flash point;
State the reasons for the minimum flash point stipulation for fuel in storage, stating the permitted figure;
Describe, with the aid of a sketch, an approved closing device for double bottom fuel tank sounding pipes which are situated in the machinery space;
Explain why this type of device is necessary.
Question sr 1 2008.
Describe, with the aid of sketches, a charge air cooler and for removal of trappingmoisture.
Describe the procedure for cleaning both air and watersides of a charge air cooler;
Question Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007
With reference to turbocharger
State how the performance may be assessed
State how the optimum performance may be maintained
Question
Explain how 2stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to machinery avoided if serious cracks in the turbine end casing such that the turbocharger may no longer be operated.
Answer.
Done April 2009
Page 43
EKM PAPERS
Sr 12 2007.
Question Sr 12 2007.
Describe how main bearing wear down of a large 2stroke crosshead engine is checked?
Describe how a set of crankshaft deflection should be taken
Describe the precautions, which must be taken to ensure that crankshaft deflection readings are as accurate as possible.
State why deflection would be taken even though bearing wear down had been checked.
Question Sr 12 2007.
During remote maneuvering of the main engine the engine fails to turn over on starting air:
State, with reasons, the possible causes of such failure..
Explain how the faults stated in (a) might be traced and rectified.
(i) State, with reasons, the exact procedure to be adopted in order to enable the engine to be started in the desired manner if failure is in part of the remote control system. .
(ii) State the engine type to which this procedure relates.
Question Sr 12 2007.
As a recently appointed Second Engineer you are requested to survey the crosshead of a main engine following an unscheduled repair due to bearing failure.
(a) Outline the information you would request prior to the survey.
(b) Describe the survey procedure you would adopt stating, with reasons, the areas which should receive particularly close attention.
(c) State, with reasons, what information you would request and the operations you would require to observe after reassembly of the crosshead
Question SR 7, 4 2008, Sr 12 2007. 2006 Sr 6.
Explain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.
What additional air charging arrangements may be provided for use when the main engine is being started or run at low speeds?
Page 44
EKM PAPERSExplain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.
Done SR 7 2008.
Question Sr 12 2007.
Why inlet and exhaust valves invariably open in to the cylinder.
Why some valves are water-cooled and others are not.
Define with reasons the material used in valve production.
State why clearance is generally provided between cams and followers
Question Sr 12 2007.
STATE the possible reasons for an engine camshaft drive chain becoming slack duringnormal service.
Show why camshaft timing requires attention even though the chain tension has been correctly adjusted.
State how camshaft timing is adjusted to compensate for chain stretch.
Question Sr 12 2007.
Explain why crankcase diaphragm glands effectiveness deteriorates in service.
Describe briefly the Overhaul of the gland
How rod scoring by gland is avoided
Why scarper ring are provided
Sr 8 2007
Question Sr 8 2007, Sr 3 March 2006
With reference to a particular make of main propulsion unit, describe how the engine is reversed manually and discuss the problems involved and the safety precautions which would be required if the control were operated remote from the machinery space.
Page 45
EKM PAPERSQuestion Sr 8 2007. Sr 3 March 2006
a) Describe the various types of indicator diagram and discuss the relevance of this method of determining engine performance
b) Suggest how engine performance may be assessed other than by taking indicator cards
Question Sr 8 2007, 2006 July Sr 5
With reference to large starting air receivers:
Explain where corrosion is likely to occur and state why it occurs in these regions;
State how the incidence of corrosion in air receivers might be minimized;
If serious corrosion is detected in a starting air receiver and that receiver must be used explain how you, as Second Engineer, would determine the maximum pressure to which the receiver should be subjected;
Question Sr 8 2007
Describe how a crankpin bearing of a 2stroke main propulsion engine is opened up for inspection
What are the various causes of wear down of the bearing?
Question Sr 8 2007
Evaluate the influence, of the following factors upon cylinder and piston ring wearrates:
(a) Position of rings in relation to piston crown,
(b) Spread and proximity of coolant passages from liner wall
(c) Flow rate and specific heat of coolant
(d) Chromium plating of ring faces
Question Sr 8 2007
State the reasons for the progressive slackness of an engine camshaft drive chain in service.
State the effect chain stretch has on engine timing and performance.
Page 46
EKM PAPERSDescribe how correct timing is restored when chain stretch becomes excessive.
Question Sr 8 2007
W.R.T. large fabricated bedplates explain
With reasons why longitudinal strength and rigidity is important in spite of the contributions made by the ship structure
With sketches show how combustion load imposed on piston and cylinder heads are transmitted and absorbed by the bedplates
Sr 7 2007
Question SR 4, 2, 2008, 2006 Aug Sr 6.
If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?
Question SR 7, 4 2008, Sr 12 2007. 2006 Sr 6.
Explain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.
What additional air charging arrangements may be provided for use when the main engine is being started or run at low speeds?
Explain, with the aid of sketches, the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems.
Done SR 7 2008.
Question SR 4 2008. 2006 Sr 6
An auxiliary engine exhibits a tendency to hunt to such an extent that the engine speed varies and prohibit the connection of the machine to the switch board
Discuss the possible causes of hunting
Explain how the problem of hunting may be rectified
Done SR 4 2008.
Page 47
EKM PAPERS
Questions SR 7, 4 2008.
Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain
Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operationof engine give possible reasons for failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension.
Done SR 7 2008.
Question SR 7, 3, 2008, 2006 Aug.
With reference to piston rings:
a) State with reasons the causes of breakage.
b) State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage.
Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings.
Done Sr 7 2008.
Question Sr 3 2008.
Describe the examination carried out before dismantling main Bearings, How are mainbearings removed from the bearing pocket?
Done Sr 3 2008.
Question Sr 3 2008
It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away. What is done to rectify this condition?
Done Sr 3 2008
JULY Sr. No. 6 2007
Question
Following a recent turbocharger overhaul it is observed that the scavenge air pressure is lower than it was previously and the engine power output is also reduced.
State, with reasons, the possible causes of the problem.Page 48
EKM PAPERS
State, with reasons, what engine operational information should be gathered in order to enable the possible cause of the problem to be detected.
Explain how the defect may be rectified.
State the instructions, which should be issued with respect to future turbocharger overhauls in order to prevent similar incidents.
Done SR 7 2008.
Question
The vessel which you are about to join as Second Engineer has recently suffered three main bearing failures. State, with reasons for your answer, EACH of the following:
The information and documents you would require in order to e ;able you to assess the cause of such failures;
Possible causes of main bearing failures;
The procedures you would institute in order to minimise the risk of future failures;
Answer.
Done SR 7 2008.
Question July 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006, SR 7 2008.
With reference to medium speed engine cylinder liners:
Explain the cause and effects of polishing or glazing;
Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring. And explain how it is fitted in the liner;
Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine;
Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is maintained.
Done SR 7 2008.
Question
Explain the term Variable Injection Timing (VIT) when applied to fuel pumps and state why a change in timing of fuel injection may be required.
Describe, with the aid of sketches, a VIT fuel pump and explain how the change in timing is achieved whilst the pump is in operation.
Page 49
EKM PAPERSExplain how it may be determined that individual fuel pumps are injecting the correct quantity of fuel with the correct timing at a particular pump setting.
Question
As a recently appointed Second Engineer you are requested to survey the crosshead of a main engine following an unscheduled repair due to bearing failure.
(a) Outline the information you would request prior to the survey.
(b) Describe the survey procedure you would adopt stating, with reasons, the areas which should receive particularly close attention.
(c) State, with reasons, what information you would request and the operations you would require to observe after reassembly of the crosshead
Done Sr 12 2007.
Question
With reference to a 2 stroke, slowspeed main propulsion engine air starting system:
State, with reasons, THREE safety features incorporated in an air start system;
State, with reasons, why an engine may fail to turn over on-air;
Explain how the cause of an engine failing to turn over on air may be determined.
Question
A report on the analysis of the main crosshead engine crankcase lubricating oil indicates the following contaminants or property changes. In EACH of the following cases give reasons for the possible causes of the contamination or property change,explaining how the actual cause would be detected; .
The presence of fresh water;
White metal fragments;
Reduced alkalinity reserve;
Reduced anti oxidation reserve.
Question
With respect to medium speed auxiliary power generating 4 stroke medium speed diesel engines:
Page 50
EKM PAPERSExplain how the cylinder liners are effectively lubricated.
Explain how the standby engine is maintained in a condition ready to be started immediately;
Describe how the engine is changed from HFO operation to DO operation when running.
Question
(a) Describe the operation of an oil mist detector.
(b) Explain how the location and arrangement of crankcase oil mist sampling pipes can influence the performance of an oil mist detector.
(c) Explain the action that you would take in order to provide safeguard against the risk of a crankcase explosion whilst the engine was operating, should the oil mist detector become inoperative.
Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007
Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007
You have been appointed as Second Engineer to a new vessel that experiences severe aft end vibration. The problem is thought to emanate from the propeller. Describe the cause of vibration and suggest possible remedies including the selection of a new propeller with a different number of blades.
Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, July 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006, SR 7 2008.
With reference to medium speed engine cylinder liners:
Explain the cause and effects of polishing or glazing;
Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring. And explain how it is fitted in the liner;
Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine;
Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is maintained.
Done SR 7 2008.
Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006
(a) Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates.
(b) List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state Page 51
EKM PAPERSthe purpose of each.
Done JUNE 2009
Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006
Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons.
Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore.
Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices
Done JUNE 2009
Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007,
(a) A set of indicator diagram including draw cards has been taken for a main diesel engine; examine critically, the following if the compression curve is normal:
(i) The maximum pressure is lower,
(ii) The maximum pressure is higher
(iii)The expansion curve is lower
(iv)The expansion curve is higher .
(b) Describe how the faults as mentioned above can be rectified.
Done JUNE 2009
Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006
Describe the precaution necessary during the initial running - in of an Auxiliary Engine run on HFO, which is newly installed or has had a major overhaul.
Explain the possible causes of oxidation of lubricating oil.
State the frequency with which oil samples should be taken for analysis.
Question Sr. No. 5 JUNE 2007, Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006
With reference to Turbochargers;
Explain how corrosion can occur on the gas side of a turbocharger casing.Page 52
EKM PAPERS
Describe the process and safeguards necessary when water washing the air side.
Explain the possible disadvantage of water washing the gas side.
Sr. No. 4 April 2007
Sr. No. 9 Nov, July Sr 5 2006
With reference to timing chains:
Explain the causes of increasing chain slackness in service, using sketches to illustrate your answer;
State each of the following:
The effects of increased chain length;
The method or assessing percentage Increase In length
Describe how the effects of elongation are corrected;
How correct tension is restored
State why a limit is placed on percentage chain elongation;
State what measures you, as Chief Engineer, would consider necessary after the Correction procedure in Q.(c) has been completed and the engine is running
Question
Explain how analysis of used lubricating oil can be used as a health-monitoring tool for diesel machinery.
Describe how vibration measurement can be used with a main engine turbo-charger
For fault analysis.
For condition monitoring for maintenance.
As a substitute to opening up machinery for survey.
Question
Explain why the following problems occurs in turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades, their effects on turbocharger operation and remedies:
Deposits;
Hot corrosion;
Erosion.Page 53
EKM PAPERS
Done
Question
With reference to large slow speed diesel engines discuss with reasons, the following:-
The increasing use of long stroke cross head engines.
The introduction of two-stage turbo-charging.
Question
Give a reasoned explanation why some marine diesel engines might continue to run ahead on the astern cams following a reversal of the controls. Sketch and describe an arrangement designed to prevent this happening.
Questions SR 1 2009, SR 11, 9, 2, 2008,
With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines:
(a) Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions;
(b) Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure;
(c) Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out
(d) Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure.
Done SR 1 2009
Question Sr 4 2007, Sr 10 2005
Describe how large slow speed engines are structured to withstand the following:
Forces due to combustion load
Guide force
Inertia force
Sr No 3 MARCH 2007Page 54
EKM PAPERS
Question
With reference to main thrust bearing of the pivoting pad type, explain with sketches where necessary -
The principle of operation of the bearing.
How these clearances are adjusted?
The critical clearances and why they are critical?
Why such bearings sometime overheat although the clearances are adequate?
How is the lubrication film between faces of collar and thrust pad maintained?
Question Sr 8 2007
State the reasons for the progressive slackness of an engine camshaft drive chain in service.
State the effect chain stretch has on engine timing and performance.
Describe how correct timing is restored when chain stretch becomes excessive.
Done Sr 8 2007
Question
What are the provision for operating impulse and constant pressure exhaust turbo-charged engines with a disabled turbo-blower?
Question
With reference to diesel engines fitted on board ships, discuss -
Sludge formation in lubricating oil systems,
Role of additives in lubricating oils,
Steps taken to ensure that treated oils are maintained in their optimum condition,
Adverse effects on bearing metal due to incompatibility of lubricating oil.
Question
Give a reasoned explanation why some marine diesel engines might continue to run ahead on the astern cams following a reversal of the controls.
Page 55
EKM PAPERS
Sketch and describe an arrangement designed to event this happening.
Done Sr 4 2007
Questions SR 4, 1 2009, Sr 9 2007. SR 8 2008.
Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.
Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing.
Done SR 4 2009
Question
State FOUR reasons for persistent slackening of holding down bolts of a main engine.
(i) State the advantages of using non-metallic chocking for main engines.
(ii) State FOUR precautions to be observed when fitting non-metallic chocks in order to ensure accurate choking.
(c) State the periodic checks to be made in order to assess the effectiveness of anengine chocking system.
Question Sr 12 2007.
During remote maneuvering of the main engine the engine fails to turn over on starting air:
State, with reasons, the possible causes of such failure..
Explain how the faults stated in (a) might be traced and rectified.
(i) State, with reasons, the exact procedure to be adopted in order to enable the engine to be started in the desired manner if failure is in part of the remote control system. .
(ii) State the engine type to which this procedure relates.
Done Sr 12 2007.
Question
Outline the advantages, disadvantages of a planned maintenance scheme for a diesel Page 56
EKM PAPERSengine.
State the advantages of condition monitoring as a method of deciding when engine component overhaul is necessary.
(c) Suggest the means that are normally available
(i.e. without the need for elaborate or expensive equipment) to check the conditionof a diesel engine as a guide to when maintenance is actually needed.
Sr No 2 FEB 2007
Question
With reference to UMS engine remote control and monitoring system:
(a) In the event of complete failure of such monitoring and; control systems state,with reasons, how you; as Second Engineer, would organize the engine room Staff to ensure safe operation of the engine during:
(i) Normal deep sea conditions,
(ii) Maneuvering,
State, with reasons, SIX important engine parameters which should be manually
monitored following failure of the UMS system
Explain how the cause of failure of the UMS system may be traced-
Question
(a) Describe how crankshaft alignment is checked
Identify with-reasons the causes of crankshaft misalignment
State How the measurements are recorded
Question
(a) Define the following conditions relating to lubricating oil
(i) Oxidation (ii) Emulsification (iii) Acidity
Explain how each of the conditions in Q (a) is controlled by maintenance
Suggest possible consequences if the conditions in Q (a) change and no corrective action is taken.
Page 57
EKM PAPERS
Question
(a) If an auxiliary diesel generator over-speeds and runs away while off the load, explain: -
(i) How it can be stopped,
(ii) What is likely to be the reasons for the failure.
(b) Give-details of what cheeks are made after the machine has been stopped: (i) Mechanically, (ii) Electrically.
Question
With reference to main engine starting and reversing:
Define the function of air distributors,
Give reasons why air distributors are not fitted to some large direct reversing engines.
Question Sr 4, 1 2009, 9 2007
With reference to turbocharger
State how the performance may be assessed
State how the optimum performance may be maintained
Explain how 2stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to machinery avoided if serious cracks in the turbine end casing such that the turbocharger may no longer be operated.
Answer.
Done April 2009
Question
Electrical power is provided from alternators driven by auxiliary diesel engines.
Using a sketch to illustrate your answer, describe a suitable governor.
Give an account of the governor action to increase the power delivered by the engine in response to a large electrical load increase while also restoring and maintaining the correct frequency.
Explain each of the following:
The necessity for droop;
Page 58
EKM PAPERSHow droop is affected.
JAN 2007
Question 4 2009
With reference to recent ratification of MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI, ships will be required to burn low sulphur (1.5%) fuel oil. Discuss the properties of cylinder liner lubricant for compatibility with this type of fuel and the on board management of operating the engines with two different types of fuel for main engine.
Done 4 2009
Question JAN 2007, Sr 10 2005
How can an explosion occur in the starting air line of an internal combustion engine and how can the possibility of such an occurrence be reduced?
Sketch and describe devices, which may be fitted to reduce the severity of such an explosion.
State the attention which air starting valves should be given before stand by
Question JAN 2007
The vessel you have recently joined as Second Engineer has suffered from frequent damage to fuel injectors in the form of burned nozzles.
State, with reasons, THREE possible causes of burned injector nozzles.
Explain how you would investigate the cause of the problem.
Explain the procedures you would institute in order to minimize future problems of this nature.
Question
At a certain speed vibration occurs in a turbocharger.
State with reasons the possible causes
Explain how the cause can be detected and corrected
Explain how the risk of future incidents can be minimized
Page 59
EKM PAPERS
Question JAN 2007
State four operational conditions that may lead to vibration of main transmission shafting.
b) Suggest methods to reduce the vibration levels that occur in main transmission shafting.
Question JAN 2007
(a) Sketch diagrammatically a device for controlling the viscosity of the fuel oil to the injectors.
(b) State the value at which the viscosity should be maintained.
(c) If the viscosity controller were to be inoperative what means may then be employed to operate the engine satisfactorily.
Question JAN 2007
Upon joining a vessel whose sister ship has suffered a scavenge fire, you as secondengineer are asked to reduce the possibility of such an occurrence on the present vessel
(a) Describe the action that should be taken
2006-2005 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006
With reference to medium speed engine cylinder liners:
Explain the cause and effects of polishing or glazing;
Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring. And explain how it is fitted in the liner;
Explain the action of an anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine;
Describe how effective cylinder lubrication is maintained.
Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov, Sr 3 March 2006
Fatigue is one of the main causes of crankshaft failure.Page 60
EKM PAPERS
(a) Indicate on a sketch the most likely location of a fatigue crack.
(b) Explain how a fatigue failure is identified.
(c) Describe how a fatigue crack may be initiated
(d) Describe with the aid of sketches, the methods used to inhibit fatigue cracks.
Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006
(a) Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates.
(b) List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each.
Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006
Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons.
Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore.
Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices
Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006
Describe the precaution necessary during the initial running - in of an Auxiliary Engine run on HFO, which is newly installed or has had a major overhaul.
Explain the possible causes of oxidation of lubricating oil.
State the frequency with which oil samples should be taken for analysis.
Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov 2006
With reference to Turbochargers;
Explain how corrosion can occur on the gas side of a turbocharger casing.
Describe the process and safeguards necessary when water washing the air side.
Explain the possible disadvantage of water washing the gas side.
Page 61
EKM PAPERS
Question Class 2 Sr. No. 9 Nov, July Sr 5 2006
With reference to timing chains:
Explain the causes of increasing chain slackness in service, using sketches to illustrate your answer;
State each of the following:
The effects of increased chain length;
The method or assessing percentage Increase In length
Describe how the effects of elongation are corrected;
How correct tension is restored
State why a limit is placed on percentage chain elongation;
State what measures you, as Chief Engineer, would consider necessary after the Correction procedure in Q.(c) has been completed and the engine is running
Question Class 2 2006 OCT
Write a report to your company's Superintendent Engineer outlining the stoppage at sea to replace the main engine liner, which had developed a crack and suggest remedial measures to prevent a recurrence of similar trouble.
Question Class 2 2006 OCT
(a) Sketch a cylinder relief valve suitable for a large slow speed engine
(b) Describe its salient design features
(c) State the purpose of fitting such a device
(d) State the possible circumstances when the relief valve may lift and indicate the action to be taken to prevent damage to the engine.
Question Class 2 2006 OCT
Describe in detail the causes and conditions that;
(a) Create an explosive atmosphere in a crankcase.
(b) Initiate a primary explosion.
(c) Propagate a secondary explosion.
State how hazardous conditions can be avoided.
Page 62
EKM PAPERS
Question 2006 OCT
(a) Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic Control system.
(b) Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.
Question Class 2 2006 OCT, Sr 6 2005
(a) State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of an engine failing to turn over when the engine control is moved to the start position.
(b) Explain how the cause of an engine failing to turn over on air may be traced.
(c) Explain how local manual control is achieved in the event of failure of the remote control system fitted to a marine diesel engine.
(d) State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine
Question Class 2 2006 OCT
Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.
Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing
Question Class 2 2006 OCT
With reference to turbo-chargers:
(a) State how the performance may be assessed;
(b) State how the optimum performance may be maintained;
(c) Explain how two-stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to the machinery avoided if a serious crack is discovered in the turbine end casing such that the turbo-charger may no longer be operated.
Question Class 2 2006 OCT, Sr 6 2005
In engine rooms that are operated under UMS conditions describe with the aid of Page 63
EKM PAPERSsketches how the following are monitored
(a) The perforation of a high pressure fuel pipe
(b) The imminence or possibility of scavenge fire
(c) Condition that may be conducive to a crank case explosion
Question Class 2 2006 Sept
With reference to a large diesel engine piston:
What stresses act on a piston during operation?
What are the causes of burning & cracking of piston crown?
How positive circulation of coolant is achieved?
Why piston crown may be given a slight taper?
Question Class 2 2006 Sept
Explain how following condition effect the power developed by an engine:
Elongation of camshaft chain
Broken top 2 piston ring
Worn fuel pump plungers;
Question Class 2 2006 Sept
As compared to other bearings in a large marine diesel engine, give reasons- why top end bearings are
More prone to failure
Have larger diameter in proportion to length
Question Class 2 2006 Sept
Identify the principal factors responsible for fouling of the gas side of turbo chargers?
What are the effects of running engines with fouled turbo chargers & how it is identified?
Page 64
EKM PAPERS
Question Class 2 2006 Sept
While operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel.
As 2nd Engineer Officer explain the immediate action which should be taken to ensure safe operation of the engine.
State, with reasons, the possible places where water could enter the fuel system
State with reason the standing Instructions you As 2nd Engineer Officer would issuewith respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problemsdue to water in the fuel.
Question Class 2 2006 Sept
Write short notes on the following giving reasons and remedies:
Crank case explosion.
ME #1 unit exhaust temperature high
Question Class 2 2006 Sept
State how a cylinder liner is checked for wear?
How these measurements are recorded?
What types of wear takes place in a cylinder liner?
Where does the maximum wear take place &why?
Question Class 2 2006 Sept, Class 4 Sr.No.9 2005
State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine
Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunkpiston engine
Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows:
i) Water is present
ii) Alkalinity has fallen
iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably
Page 65
EKM PAPERSiv) Carbon content has increased
Question Class 2 2006 Aug
With reference to piston rings
State the causes of breakage
State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage
Explain the possible consequence W.R.T. performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severly worn rings
Question Class 2 2006 AugIt is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away. What is done to rectify this condition?
Question Class 2 2006 Aug Sr 6
If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?
Question Class 2 2006 Aug Sr 6
What is the difference between pulse and constant pressure turbo-charging systems as applied to a compression ignition engine
Sketch and describe one of these systems
What additional air charging arrangement may be provided for use when the main engine is being started or run at slow speed?
Question Class 2 2006 Aug Sr 6
Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain
Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operationof engine give possible reasons for failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension
Page 66
EKM PAPERSQuestion Class 2 2006 Aug Sr 6
An auxiliary engine exhibits a tendency to hunt to such an extent that the engine speed varies and prohibit the connection of the machine to the switch board
Discuss the possible causes of hunting
Explain how the problem of hunting may be rectified
Question 2006 July Sr 5
Suggest probable causes for
Knocking in Engine:
Low oil pressure
Loss of power
Knocking in Engine:
Question Class 2 2006 July Sr 5
With reference to large starting air receivers:
Explain where corrosion is likely to occur and state why it occurs in these regions;
State how the incidence of corrosion in air receivers might be minimized;
If serious corrosion is detected in a starting air receiver and that receiver must be used explain how you, as Second Engineer, would determine the maximum pressure to which the receiver should be subjected;
Question Class 2 2006 July Sr 5
With reference to the crankshaft and running gear of an engine, explain EACH of thefollowing:
Static balance
Dynamic balance;
Torque reaction couple;
Question Class 2 2006 July Sr 5
Describe with the aid of a sketch, the main engine ancillary equipment for Page 67
EKM PAPERSautomatic monitoring and regulation of fuel viscosity.
Explain the operation of equipment described in Q. (a)
For an engine which is maneuvered on distillate fuel but operated on heavy residualfuel at sea State, as 2nd engineer, the standing orders you would issue for the procedure to be adopted when changing from distillate fuel to heavy residual fuel and vise versa.
Question Class 2 2006 July Sr 5, Class 4 Sr No 8 2005
a) Describe with the aid of a sketch, the arrangement of valves and passages for a four stroke engine cylinder head, listing materials used.
With reference to [a] indicate where cracking might be expected stating the likely cause.
Explain the different factors that tend to cause distortion of 4stroke cylinder head.
Explain how the effects described in [c] are minimized.
Question Class 2 2006 July Sr 5
Sketch and describe the construction and action of either a hydraulic governor or an electrical governor suitable for a main propulsion engine.
State the main faults to which the governor described above are prone to.
The action to be taken if immediate correction cannot be achieved and the engine must be operated.
Question Class 2 2006 July Sr 5
Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a main engine cylinder relief valve.
List FOUR conditions which may cause the valves sketched in Q to lift.
Explain the method used to set the valve described above;
Emergy set 2006
Question Class 2 Emergy set 2006
As second engineer you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator card (diagram)
From the large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand shipPage 68
EKM PAPERS
Describe your initial checks and preparations
State with reason the types of card you would consider necessary and explain the procedure for obtaining these.
State in order of importance the additional information required with the card
State your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder power
State the procedure for Power calculation and Fault diagnosis
Question Class 2 Emergy set 2006
Describe with the aid of sketches a turbocharger lubrication system; stating the type of bearing employed
Question Class 2 Emergy set 2006
The ship on which you are serving as chief engineer has suffered sudden failure-of a turbocharger bearing at sea. Write a letter to the ship owner/manager concerning the incident and stating the action undertaken in bringing the turbocharger back into service
Question Class 2
The analysis of oil may be used as a method of monitoring the condition of the equipment that it lubricates.
Explain briefly how shore analysts might test the oil.
State the type of information that would be expected.
Give possible reasons for an excess of:
Iron;
Copper
Antimony
Tin;
Silica
Question Class 2 2006
Explain the term Variable Injection Timing (VIT) when applied to fuel pumps and Page 69
EKM PAPERSstate why a change in timing of fuel injection may be required.
Describe, with the aid of sketches, a VIT fuel pump and explain how the change in timing is achieved whilst the pump is in operation.
Explain how it may be determined that individual fuel pumps are injecting the correct quantity of fuel with the correct timing at a particular pump setting.
Question Class 2 2006
With reference to crankshafts, explain EACH of the following:
The cause and effects of torsional vibration;
Explain the term critical speed indicating why it can be a problem;
The term Fatigue cracking and state, with reasons, TWO factors of crankshaft operation, which have greatest influence on the likelihood of fatigue cracking;
How a detuner or torsional vibration damper can reduce the effects of torsional vibration.
Question Class 2 April 2006
Question
Discuss the precaution and protections with the aid of sketch that are provided to minimize the possibility of a diesel engine crank case explosion and transmission of dangerous flame into the machinery spaces
Question Class 2 April 2006
How fuel is injected into the cylinder of a heavy oil 2stroke cycle I.C. engine andhow is it ignited.
Show by timing diagram at what point of the stroke injection of the fuel begins andend
Name the engine to which your answer refers
Question Class 2 April 2006
Describe With the aid of Sketches a M\E injection pump capable of variable injection timing
Explaining how the fuel injection timing and quantity of the fuel injected is varied.
Page 70
EKM PAPERSState why injection might need to be changed
Question Class 2 April 2006
With reference to fouling on the gas side of turbochargers, state
What are the common causes and nature of the deposits?
How it effects engine operation
How it is reduced in practice,
Question Class 2 April 2006
With reference to fuel as used for main engine operations:
State why the ordering of bunkers should be by reference to a defined specificationrather than simply by viscosity;
Explain how on board test for EACH of the following are carried out.
a- Viscosity.
b- Flash point.
c- Water content.
d- Compatility.
Explain the possible significance of an abnormally high bunker delivery temperaturein relation to the viscosity of the fuel ordered.
Question Class 2 April 2006, Class 4 Sr.No.9 2005
With reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain:
(a) Why flyweights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine.
(b) How dead band effects are reduced
(c) How hunting is reduced
(d) How the output torque is increased.
Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006
You have been appointed as 2nd engineer of an 8years old vessel, recently purchasedby your shipping company write a report to the engineering superintendent covering
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EKM PAPERSthe inspection of main propulsion machinery carried out by you to ensure its trouble free operation
Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006
Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil
Bacterial activity has been detected write a letter question is incomplete
Question - Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006, Class 4 Sr EMERGENCY SET
With reference to T/C-
a) Explain why when surging occurs the speed of the turbocharger is seen to change slightly
b) Give examples of defects likely to result in surging
c) Explain in simple terms what occurs in a T\C and the diesel engine as speed/power increases, and base on this an explanation of what matching of a turbocharger with an engine implies
d) State the advantages of fitting uncooled turbochargers
Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006
With reference to a particular make of main propulsion unit, describe how the engine is reversed manually and discuss the problems involved and the safety precautions which would be required if the control were operated remote from the machinery space.
Question Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006
State the action to be taken in the event of a scavenge fire;
State the action to be taken after scavenge fire has been extinguished
What are the principle causes of fouling and Fires in the Scavenge Air Spaces
What are the Indications of a fire?
What Fire fighting & Preventive measures would you take?
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EKM PAPERSQuestion Class 2 Sr 3 March 2006
a) Describe the various types of indicator diagram and discuss the relevance of this method of determining engine performance
b) Suggest how engine performance may be assessed other than by taking indicator cards
Question Class 2 Feb 2006
During the past four months since you have joined the ship as C/E a number of main engine exhaust valves have suffered cracking and corrosion at the seating faces. Write a report to the Superintendent covering the following points:
a) An explanation detailing how the, problem became evident
b) Your action upon recognising the extent and seriousness of the problem
c) Your reasoned views regarding the possible causes of the problem
d) your recommendations to avoid future incidents
Question Class 2 Feb 2006
One of the main engine turbocharger on the vessel which you are serving as 2nd eng has suffered a sudden and unexpected failure
Explain the incident and give a reasoned proposed action to be under taken to bringthe T\C back into service
Question Class 2 Feb 2006
What is meant by power balancing with respect to reciprocating engines?
Why is balance desirable and how is it obtained in the case of a large marine engine
What difficulties may be experienced in balancing a medium speed engine and how these difficulties are overcome?
Question Class 2 Feb 2006
Describe how main bearing wear down of a large 2stroke crosshead engine is checked?
Describe how a set of crankshaft deflection should be taken
Describe the precautions, which must be taken to ensure that crankshaft deflection readings are as accurate as possible.
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State why deflection would be taken even though bearing wear down had been checked.
Question Feb 2006, Sr 10 2005, Class 4 Sept 2006, Sr 6 2006
Sketch and describe a fuel injector for a slow speed marine diesel engine
Explain the operation of the fuel valve
Describe the defects to which Injector are prone
How can injection be improved when a low speed engine is to operate at prolonged load
Explain how it operates and what determine the point at which injection occurs
Question Class 2 Feb 2006, Sr 8 2005
With reference to the burning of heavy residual fuel in the main engine:
(a) State with reasons FOUR modification which need to be made as compared with thesame engine burning distillate fuels
(b) As Chief Engineer state with reason SIX properties you would require to see in the specification for residual fuel indicating the effect EACH of these properties might have with respect to the storage and burning of the fuel
Question Class 2 Jan 2006
State, with reasons, THREE properties required of a crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine
Question
Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunkpiston engine
Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows:
i) Water is present
ii) Alkalinity has fallen
iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably
iv) Carbon content has increased
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EKM PAPERSQuestion Class 2 Jan 2006
a) A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subject to cracking during thepreceding four months
i) Explain possible reasons for this cracking
ii) State with reasons the instructions you, as Chief or 2nd Engineer, would issue in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover cracking
Cylinder liner wear has increased appreciably during the past six months.
Write a brief report to the Engineering Superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes, the immediate action taken to deal with the problemand the action you, as Chief Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidents
Question Class 2 Jan 2006
Describe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of ME plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipment
Question Class 2 Jan 2006
Explain the term ignition quality as applied to marine fuel oils;
State, with reasons, the properties of the fuel which can influence ignition quality;
Explain in detail how an engine would be adjusted in order to burn a fuel having a different ignition quality.
Question Class 2 Jan 2006
With reference to torsional vibrations in a main propulsion installation based on medium speed engine gear box and controllable pitch propeller
Explain how the vibrations any be caused
b) State the possible effects and damage that could result
c) Discuss the methods employed to minimise the potential problems associated with torsional vibration
d) Describe how the natural frequency of the system could be modified.
Question Class 2 Jan 2006
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EKM PAPERSWith reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed 4stroke engines
Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating condition
Explain how bolt failure may be hastened when maintenance is carried out
Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure.
Describe as second engineer your strategy for preventing bolt failure
Question Class 2 Jan 2006
With reference to crankcase diaphragm glands:
Explain why effectiveness deteriorates in service;
Describe the procedure for renewal of parts so that efficiency is restored;
Describe how effectiveness is restored if spares are unavailable;
Explain the functions of the upper and lower sections.
Question Class 2 Jan 2006
While operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel.
As 2nd Engineer Officer explain the immediate action which should be taken to ensure safe operation of the engine.
State, with reasons, the possible places where water could enter the fuel system.
State with reason the standing Instructions you As 2nd Engineer Officer would issuewith respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problemsdue to water in the fuel.
Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005
State how a scroll (helical) type of pump is set after overhaul
State the reasons that necessitate pump overhaul.
Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005
Describe how large slow speed engines are structured to withstand the following:
Forces due to combustion load
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EKM PAPERSGuide force
Inertia force
Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005
How can an explosion occur in the starting air line of an internal combustion engine and how can the possibility of such an occurrence be reduced?
Sketch and describe devices, which may be fitted to reduce the severity of such an explosion.
State the attention which air starting valves should be given before stand by
Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005
It is discovered that delivery of air from turbocharger has fallen even though engine fuel control has not changed state with reason
The causes of such reduced delivery
The effect of this reduced air supply on the engine
The immediate action to be taken
How future incident might be minimized
Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005
Discuss possible defects which can occur in top end bearing of heavy oil engines and describe methods to obviate such defects.
Why is it considered necessary to supply high pressure lubricating oil to top end bearing.
Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005
With reference to torsional vibrations in a main propulsion installation based on medium speed engine gear box and controllable pitch propeller
Explain how the vibrations any be caused
b) State the possible effects and damage that could result
c) Discuss the methods employed to minimise the potential problems associated with torsional vibration
d) Describe how the natural frequency of the system could be modified.Page 77
EKM PAPERS
Question Class 2 Sr 10 2005
Sketch a cross section through a piston rod stuffing box.
Define, with the aid of sketches, the function of, and difference between sealing rings and scraper rings.
Identify with reasons, those details which should receive particular attention during overhaul of the complete assembly
Question Class 2 Sr 9 2005
Define the meaning of the term critical speed range as applied to diesel engine
Explain why an engine should not be operated continuously in or near this range
Explain the effect of critical speed is reduced
Question Class 2 Sr 9 2005
Identify the factors which could be responsible for initiation and propagation of explosions in air start system
Explain how the possibility of an explosion in an air start system is minimized
Describe the devices required for air start systems, which are intended to dissipate the energy of an explosion
Question Class 2 Sr 9 2005
(a) Describe a transverse bow thrust unit using a controllable pitch propeller. Mention should be made of how it is supported and how the strength of thrust and reverse thrust are achieved.
(b) State. with reasons, a suitable prime mover for the controllable pitch propeller.
(c) State whether the thrust unit delivers a relatively low pressure head with highvolume output or high pressure head with low volume output.
Question Class 2 Sr 9 2005
(a) Describe the events leading to a crankcase explosionPage 78
EKM PAPERS
(b) State how overheating might be indicated other than by mist detector
(c) State how the severity of a crankcase explosion is limited
(d) Emission of flame has in the past caused severe burns to personnel during a crankcase explosion, despite the addition of flame traps. Discuss the procedure in the event of overheating being indicated.
Question Class 2 Sr 9 2005
With reference to turbocharger
State how the performance may be assessed
State how the optimum performance may be maintained
Explain how 2stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to machinery avoided if serious cracks in the turbine end casing such that the turbocharger may no longer be operated.
Question Class 2 Sr 8 2005
Electrical power is provided from alternators driven by auxiliary diesel engines.
Using a sketch to illustrate your answer, describe a suitable governor.
Give an account of the governor action to increase the power delivered by the engine in response to a large electrical load increase while also restoring and maintaining the correct frequency.
Explain each of the following:
The necessity for droop;
How droop is affected.
Question Class 2 Sr 8 2005
Sketch and describe a pneumatic control system for controlling temperature of main engine lubricating oil outlet of the cooler and
Explain why air supplied to the pneumatic control system must be free from dust andwater
Describe how above impurities are removed
State the consequences if the air supplied is contaminated
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Question Class 2 Sr 8 2005
With reference to cylinder of a large slow speed engine:
Explain with the aid of a sketch, the operation of a cylinder lubricator, indicating how quantity adjustment may be conducted
Explain the positioning of cylinder liner quills
Describe TWO features that assist the spread of the oil
Describe how you, as 2nd Engineer, would assess a cylinder liner wear and decided when renewal is necessary
Describe the effects of varying fuel quality on cylinder liner wear and state how this may be dealt with.
Question Class 2 Sr 8 2005
Describe, with reasons, the profile for each of the following types of cams.
Jerk type fuel pumps.
Exhaust valves.
Air starts distributors
Question Class 2 Sr 8 2005
Describe how each of the following procedure may be accomplished by bridge control equipment for a direct reversing 2 stroke diesel engine
Setting the direction of rotation
Starting
Controlling speed
Question Class 2 Sr 7 2005
Recent experience has shown persistence damage occurring on seating faces of main engine exhaust valve, which is not confined to any particular unit.
State with reason the possible causes
State the short term action to be taken in order to minimize engine operational problem
State with reason how future incident of this nature could be minimized
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EKM PAPERS
Question Class 2 Sr 7 2005
State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control.
Explain how the causes stated in Q.2(a) may be determined.
Explain the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure ofthe remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.
State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.
Question Class 2 Sr 7 2005
(a) It is discovered that one tie rod in a direct drive crosshead engine has failedin service, explain:-
(i) The possible reasons for this failure.
(ii) How the failed rod can be removed.
(b) Explain the consequences of operating an engine with a broken tie rod.
c) Explain the effects of over tightening a tie bolt
Question Class 2 Sr 6 2005
With reference to recent ratification of MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI, ships will be required to burn low sulphur (1.5%) fuel oil. Discuss the properties of cylinder liner lubricant for compatibility with this type of fuel and the on board management of operating the engines with two different types of fuel for main engine.
Question Class 2 Sr 4 2005
During a routine crankcase inspection, a main engine top end bearing is found to bewiped and subsequent inspection shows that the pin is badly scored.
Explain in detail the action, which should be taken to enable the engine to be safety operated so that the vessel may reach a port where effective repair facilities are available.
State with reasons the factors, which influence the speed at which the engine may be safely operated.
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EKM PAPERS
Question Class 2 Sr 4 2005
With reference to a vessel on a five year time charter:
After 4 weeks the chief engineer officer has received complaints that the vessel isnot maintaining charter speed, explain how CEO would investigate and attempt to remedy the situation.
b- The charterer has requested the use of a lower quality fuel as his cost for bunkers are excessive. Out line the advice the CEO would offer to the owners on this request.
Question Class 2
Sketch an engine starting air system.
Describe how the engine air system sketched operates.
State, with reasons, TWO safety features which are incorporated in the Air system sketched
Question Class 2
With reference to crankshafts and piston crowns outline the main stresses to which the parts are subjected.
In each case explain how the stresses are generated and how they vary in magnitude and direction during one cycle
Question Class 2
With reference to piston rings
State with reasons the causes of breakage
State, with reasons, which ring clearances are critical
Question Class 2
Enumerate the causes of vibration
Describe procedures by which it may be reduced
State the possible effects of vibration
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EKM PAPERS
Question Class 2
Define the essential conditions which must be satisfied by the air supply for pneumatic control system
Sketch a control air supply arrangement
Question Class 2
How a crankpin bearing removed
What are the various causes of bearing wear down?
Question incomplete
Question Class 2
State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine.
Sketch and describe a system of control for maneuvering a main diesel engine from the bridge and show local control may be effected in case of breakdown of the system.
In the event of the main engine remote control system becoming inoperative, describe how the main engine is changed to local control.
Question Class 2
Explain why the use of residual fuels for the operation of large slow speed or of medium speed engines may be responsible for the following problems with turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades and how, in each case, the problem can be minimised.
Build up of deposits;
Hot corrosion;
Erosion
Question Class 2 Jan 2005
Describe, with the aid of a sketch, one section of a large slow speed engine crankshaft which has been assembled by shrinkage of webs into journal pins.
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EKM PAPERS
Explain how a five degree twist might be caused to a shaft assembled by shrinkage.
State the possible effects of a five degree twist in the crankshaft assembly and draw conclusions as to whether the engine should be operated and any adjustments that may be necessary for continued operation. Assume that the incident has occurred at a port with no repair facilities.
Question Class 2
With ref to large fabricated bedplates explain
With reasons why longitudinal strength and rigidity is important inspite of the contribution made by ships structure
With sketches how the combustion loads imposed on piston and cylinder heads are transmitted to and absorbed by bedplate
Question Class 2
The vessel you have recently joined as Second Engineer has suffered from frequent damage to fuel injectors in the form of burned nozzles.
State, with reasons, THREE possible causes of burned injector nozzles.
Explain how you would investigate the cause of the problem.
Explain the procedures you would institute in order to minimize future problems of this nature.
Question Class 2
At a certain speed vibration occurs in a turbocharger.
State with reasons the possible causes
Explain how the cause can be detected and corrected
Explain how the risk of future incidents can be minimized
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