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ELCT 401:
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS II
INSTRUCTOR: PROF. YASSER HEGAZY
YASSER.HEGAZY@GUC.EDU.EG
Course Information and Introduction to
Operational Amplifiers
1
Course Outline
• Operational Amplifiers.
• Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis (AC Circuits)
• Power Calculations in AC circuits.
• Frequency Dependent Circuits
• Circuit Analysis in the Laplace Domain.
2
Study Plan Week Topic Laboratories Tutorials
Remarks
Week I Introduction
Week II Operational Amplifiers Start of all Labs Start of All tutorials
Week III Applications of OPAMPS
Week IV Circuit Elements in Phasor Domain
Week V AC Analysis
Week VI AC Power Calculations (I)
Midterm Exam ( no teaching )
Week VII AC Power Calculations (II) No lecture for
IET and MET
Week VIII Resonance
Week VIIII Filters No lecture for MCTR
Week X Circuit Analysis in “S” Domain No lectures for
IET and MET
Week XI Examples on “S” Domain No lecture for MCTR
Kindly note that lectures won’t be delivered in the following dates: Monday 20 March (midterm exams), Thursday 13 April (holy
Thurs.), Monday 20 April (Sham Elnasim)
3
Course Activities
• Lectures
• Monday 1st slot – H14 (IET)
• Monday 2nd slot – H14 (MET)
• Thursday 3rd slot – H13 (MCTR 1)
• Thursday 4th slot – H13 (MCTR 2)
• Tutorials.
One slot weekly, according to your schedule
• Laboratories.
One slot weekly, according to your schedule
4
Marking Scheme
• Assignments. 10 %
• Quizzes. 10 %
• Laboratories. 15 %
• Practical Project. 05 %
• Midterm Exam. 20 %
• Final Exam. 40 %
5
Resources
1.0 Text book
• Electric Circuits by, Nilsson & Riedel. 9th Edition
Chapters 5, 9 , 10 , 13, 14 and 15.
. Fundamental of Electric Circuits, by Alexander & Sadiku
Chapters 5, 9 , 10 , 11, 14 and 15.
2.0 Lab manual
• Posted on the course webpage.
3.0 Webpage:
• All course information will be available online at
http://eee.guc.edu.eg/
6
CHAPTER I
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
7
Objectives
• To introduce Operational Amplifiers as linear circuit elements.
• To identify the I-V characteristics of the operational amplifiers.
• To write KCL and KVL equations for the common amplifier
circuits.
• To solve circuits including one or more operational amplifiers.
• To calculate the gain of cascaded amplifiers’ circuits.
8
Op Amps
• Op Amp is short for operational amplifier.
• Amplifiers provide gains in voltage or current.
• Operational amplifiers or op amps are very useful electronic
components
• They are called “operational'' amplifiers, because they can be
used to perform arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication) with signals.
• In fact, op amps can also be used to integrate and differentiate
signals.
• The op amp is considered a 3-terminal linear circuit element.
9
Pin Assignment
10
Microscopic View of LS 741 OpAmp
11
Pin Assignment
• Pin # 2: Inverting input ( Vn)
• Pin # 3: Non-inverting input ( Vp)
• Pin # 6: The output( Vo )
• Pins # 4 & 7 : ±VCC(±5, ±10, ±13, ±15, ±20V)
• VCC are external voltage sources required to activate
the internal components of the operational amplifier
and to set the limits of the output voltage Vo such that:
-VCC ≤ Vo ≤VCC
12
Applications of Op Amps
• Op amps can be configured in many different ways
using resistors and other components.
• Most configurations use feedback.
• Op amps can provide a buffer between two circuits.
• Op amps can be used to implement integrators and
differentiators.
• Low-pass and band-pass filters.
13
The Op Amp Symbol
14
+
–
Non-inverting input
Inverting input
Ground
High Supply Vcc
Low Supply (-Vcc)
Output
Input – Output Characteristics
►Linear part
• Vo = A Vin
• A is the open loop gain.
• A has a fixed value
determined by the
manufacture.
• A ≥10,000
►Saturation
• Vo = ±Vcc
15
The Op Amp Model
• An operational amplifier is modeled as a voltage-controlled voltage
source.
16
+
– Inverting
input
Non-inverting
input Rin
vp
vn
+
–
A(v+ –
v– )
vo
Vo has a maximum value of Vcc, Vin≤ Vcc/A ≤ 2 mV
The input current in the order of nA
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