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Electrical Energy Conservation Scheme at Home
Merra Grace AlmeriaSittie Ailah AndigRodna Jeliane ClosasSherifa Rossmia KadilClent Mark GaiteraKeren Jollia M. Nuñeza
Why should we reduce our electricity?
•Global warming•Electric Pollution•Increasing prices cause a heightened
sensitivity to price and problems for some household budgets.
Statement of the problem:
1.What are the commonly used electrical gadgets/appliances in the household?
2.Is the introduced scheme effective in reducing electric consumption?
3.What is the prevailing electricity consumption in kilowatt-hour among the households?
METHODOLOGY•Permission was asked from the 6 households to
conduct the research•Formulation of a survey questionnaire and
giving it to the households•Collection of Baseline Data (meter-reading)•Formulation of the Scheme•Verbal communication of the scheme to the
households•Data Collection with the Scheme (meter
reading)•Analysis of Data
Table 1. Scheme in Reducing the Consumption of Electricity
CATEGORIES UPPER-CLASS MIDDLE-CLASS
LOWER-CLASS
Lighting • Turn off when not in use• Open the windows/curtains to allow natural light to come in.
• Turn off when not in use• Open the windows/curtains to allow natural light to come in.
• Turn off when not in use• Open the windows/curtains to allow natural light to come in.
Entertainment • Do not use two appliances t the same time ( laptop & TV)• Unplug when not in use• Turn off the router when not in use.
• Unplug when not in use.
• Unplug when not in use
CATEGORIES UPPER-CLASS MIDDLE-CLASS LOWER-CLASS
Comfort (electric fan, air-conditioning and others)
• Unplug when not in use. • Plant more trees around the house• Have a scheduled usage.
• Unplug when not in use. • Plant more trees around the house• Have a scheduled usage.
• Unplug when not in use. • Plant more trees around the house• Have a scheduled usage.
Kitchen • Do not use electric stove• Refrain from the constant opening of the refrigerator.• Cook rice twice a day• Use microwave instead of oven and minimize use.• When the food starts to boil, put stove to low fire.
• Cook rice twice a day (in the morning- lasting until noon - and in the evening).• When the food starts to boil, put stove to low fire.
• Cook rice twice a day (in the morning- lasting until noon - and in the evening).• When the food starts to boil, put stove to low fire.
CATEGORIES UPPER-CLASS MIDDLE-CLASS LOWER-CLASS
Others (washing machine, iron)
• Iron clothes in one sitting• Maximize the number of clothes in one load (washing machine)
• Iron clothes in one sitting• Wash and fold from the clothesline to minimize ironing
• Iron clothes in one sitting• Wash and fold from the clothesline to minimize ironing
The set of guidelines on Table 1 was formulated based on the commonly-used appliances in the households and those that need large amounts of electricity (i.e., water pump). The guidelines were also based on pre-existing knowledge of common household energy conservation methods.
However, after careful scrutiny, the six households were found to be of middle-class category so the scheme meant for the upper and lower-classes were not tested. To solve this discrepancy, a new scheme (table 2) was formulated.
Table 2. Revised Scheme in Reducing the Consumption of Electricity
CATEGORIES GUIDELINES
Lighting • Turn off lights when not in use• Open the windows/curtains to allow natural light to come in.• If possible use Compactt flourescent lamps (CFL) or LED lamps to replace incandescent and/or flourescent lamps.
Entertainment/Communication • Do not use two appliances at the same time (laptop & TV).• Reduce simultaneous use of several TVs.•Unplug all appliances when not in use.•Turn off router when not in use.• Unplug cell phones as soon as charging is completed.
Table 2. Revised Scheme in Reducing the Consumption of Electricity
CATEGORIES GUIDELINES
Electric Fan/ Aircon • Unplug all appliances when not in use.• When using electric fan, open the windows and minimize use of heavy curtains to allow more air inside.• Have a scheduled usage of air-conditioning unit, put off aircon when not in use.• Plant more trees around the house to have cooler air.
Iron •Iron clothes in one sitting.•If possible, wash and fold clothes which do not need ironing.
Washing Machine • Maximize the number of clothes in one load.
Water Pump • Have a scheduled usage.
Table 2. Revised Scheme in Reducing the Consumption of Electricity
CATEGORIES GUIDELINES
Kitchen • Do not use electric stove, if possible, as this entails more power consumption.• Refrain from constant opening of the refrigerator. • If using rice cooker, cook rice twice a day (in the morning -lasting until noon- and in the evening)• Minimize use of microwave and electric oven.• When the food is boiling, put it to low fire.
• Testing the Scheme
The scheme was tested by collecting meter readings everyday for an additional one week while the same households followed the scheme. Start dates were not simultaneous, what was important was that all the households have completed the one-week prescribed period of meter reading.
ANALYSIS OF DATATable 3. Table showing the kind and quantity of gadgets/ appliances
used and usage in terms of number of hours/day.
APPLIANCES QUANTITY NUMBER OF HOURS/DAY
Refrigerator 7 24/7
Aircon 8 10
Laptop/Computer 12 7
Electric Fan 17 24/7
Water Dispenser 5 3
Microwave 2 2/week
Light Bulb 100 24/7
Washing Machine 3 4/week
Exhaust Fan 1 1/week
Rice cooker 6 2
Electric Stove 2 3
Radio 3 4
Table 3. Table showing the kind and quantity of gadgets/ appliances used and usage in terms of number of hours/day.
APPLIANCES QUANTITY NUMBER OF HOURS/DAY
Power saver 2 24/7
Electric Keyboard 1 3
Flat Iron 5 1/week
Iron (hair) 3 4/week
TV 4 10
•Analysis of Data
Survey results (table 3) indicate that light bulbs, electric fans, laptops/computers, air-conditioning units, and refrigerators are the top five most common features in the household that require electricity. In terms of use, light bulbs, refrigerators and electric fans top the list.
Table 4. Energy Consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh) of the Six Households for Seven Days Without the Scheme
Household
DAY A B C D E F
1 41 74 16 2 84 4.7
2 37 90 14 1 14 4.8
3 35 81 21 2 8 4.3
4 43 22 22 4 57 5.2
5 35 6 35 2 6 4.9
6 32 26 21 1 56 6.4
7 36 130 18 2 14 5.8
Table 4 shows that electricity consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh) ranged from 32-41 kWh in household A , 6-130kWh in household B, 16-35 kWh in household C, 1-2 kWh in household D, 6-84kWh in household E, and 4.3-6.4 in household F.
The much higher consumption in household B suggests that this household has many appliances or many users of appliances but day 5 has a consumption of only 6 kWh which also suggests that during this day the members of the household could be on holiday out of town considering the sudden drop of consumption.
Electricity consumption of household D is considerably lower compared to the other households. This could mean that this household has very few appliances or is very conscious of energy conservation even without this study. The four other households have a rise and fall in terms of kWh used..
Table 5. Energy Consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh) of the Six Households for Seven Days With the Energy Conservation Scheme
Household
DAY A B C D E F
1 36 59 31 2 9 4.6
2 34 18 15 1 5 3.2
3 32 30 14 2 5 2.4
4 38 37 17 2 3 4.3
5 33 22 17 2 6 4.0
6 35 40 17 2 63 2.5
7 34 63 15 2 10 3.4
Table 5 shows that household A has more or less maintained its kWh used in the range of 33-38 while household B from a high kWh usage on day 1 dropped to lower usage on subsequent days although it went up on day 7.
The same is true for household E, which has unusually high consumption on day 6. Households C,D, and F seem to be conscious with energy conservation that kWh are low.
Figure 1. Graph showing the Comparison of Data of the six Households with and without the scheme
Household A Household B Household C Household D Household E Household0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Without Scheme
With Scheme
All households have marked reduction in consumption of electricity following the guidelines in the scheme.
Results suggest that it doesn’t matter if the cooperating household is low income or high income or household with many or few appliances. What is apparent is that the scheme is effective in reducing consumption of electricity.
The data were subjected to a t-test to determine whether the differences in the electricity usage before and after the scheme are significantly different. Households A and F were found to have significant results at 0.5 level of significance.
APPENDIX B.t-Test on paired two sample for means (with and without the scheme).
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
without with
Mean 37 34.57143
Variance 14.33333 3.952381
Observations 7 7
Hypothesized Mean Difference
0
df 6
t Stat 2.380476
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.027366
t Critical one-tail 1.94318
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.054733
t Critical two-tail 2.446912
Household AAt p<0.05, there is significant difference in the household consumption between without and with
Household B
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
without with
Mean 61.28571 38.42857
Variance 1990.238 298.2857
Observations 7 7
Hypothesized Mean Difference
0
df 6
t Stat 1.518288
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.089871
t Critical one-tail 1.94318
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.179742
t Critical two-tail 2.446912
At p>0.05, there is not significant differences in the household consumption between without and with
Household C
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
without with
Mean 21 18
Variance 46.66667 34.33333
Observations 7 7
Hypothesized Mean Difference
0
df 6
t Stat 0.803151
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.226261
t Critical one-tail 1.94318
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.452521
t Critical two-tail 2.446912
At p>0.05, there is no significant difference in the household consumption between without and with
Household D
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
without with
Mean 2 1.857143
Variance 1 0.142857
Observations 7 7
df 6
t Stat 0.420084
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.344526
t Critical one-tail 1.94318
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.689052
t Critical two-tail 2.446912
At p>0.05, there is no significant difference in the household consumption between without and with
Household E
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
without with
Mean 34.14286 14.42857
Variance 962.1429 464.619
Observations 7 7
df 6
t Stat 1.652803
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.074729
t Critical one-tail 1.94318
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.149458
t Critical two-tail 2.446912
At p>0.05, there is no significant difference in the household consumption between without and with
Household F
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
without with
Mean 5.157143 3.485714
Variance 0.51619 0.734762
Observations 7 7
df 6
t Stat 3.568467
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.005903
t Critical one-tail 1.94318
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.011806
t Critical two-tail 2.446912
At p<0.05, there is significant difference in the household consumption between without and with
Conclusion and Recommendation
Over the 2-week observation period, there was notable decrease in the electric consumption of the selected households and significant decrease in two households. Results indicated that households can lower their electricity usage if they follow the scheme and are conscious in making the scheme work.
Recommendation
•Since the baseline data was taken only for one week and the intervention period was also for one week, it is recommended to have a longer period of study covering more number of households in order to come up with more conclusive results.
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