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List of Experiments
EXPERIMENT #1
Introduction to C programming in 8051...................................................2
EXPERIMENT #2
Introduction to Keil & Proteus software...................................................5
EXPERIMENT #3
Test Benc for 8!"51 or 8!C51 microcontroller...............................1!
EXPERIMENT #4
"ow up and down counter on #$% s using 8!"51microcontroller....................................................................................................28
EXPERIMENT #5
Identification of alid and In'alid BC% codes...................................(2
EXPERIMENT #6
)larm s*stem using 8!"51 wit te elp of a single +it +ased
alarm s*stem.EXPERIMENT #7
Interfacing of #%, and Termistor wit 8!"51.................................(!
EXPERIMENT #8
-our a* Traffic #igt "*stem using 8!"51......................................./
EXPERIMENT #9
Interfacing of 8!"51 wit %C otor.......................................................50
EXPERIMENT #1
Interfacing of 8!"51 wit "tepper otor..............................................55
EXPERIMENT #11
Interfacing te 8!"51 microcontroller wit )%C080/ cip.........1
........................................................................................................ (
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1
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$3P$,I$4T 4 1
Intro!"tion to $ pro%r&mmin% in 851
'()eti*e+
To get familiar wit te +asic C programming in 8051 famil* microcontroller
T,eoreti&- .&/%ro"n!+
Bot C language and assem+l* language is used for programming in 8051 +ut ere wewill tal6 a+out C onl*. e +riefl* discuss ere a+out ma7or reasons for using C datat*pes of C 8051 e9tension t*pes time dela* I: programming in C and #ogicoperations in 8051 C.
0&t& Tpes+
-ollowing data t*pes are used in C language. Teir ranges are also gi'en in tis ta+le1;1.
T&(-e 11
851 extension tpes+
(it+
Te s+it 6e*word is a widel* used 8051 C data t*pe designed specificall* to accesssingle +it addressa+le registers. It allows access to te single +it of te "-, register.
2
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.it &n! R+
Te +it data t*pe allows access to single +its of a +it addressa+le memor* spaces 20;2-
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%ata FF num+er of +its to +e sifted left
:!*&nt&%es of $ -&n%"&%e o*er &ssem(- -&n%"&%e+
nli6e assem+l* C as ad'antage of processor;independence and is not
specific to an* particular microprocessor: microcontroller or an* s*stem. Tis
ma6es it con'enient for a user to de'elop programs tat can run on most of te
s*stems.
)s C com+ines functionalit* of assem+l* language and features of ig le'el
languages C is treated as a middle;le'el computer language or ig le'el
assem+l* language
It is fairl* efficient
It supports access to I: and pro'ides ease of management of large em+eddedpro7ects.
Re*ie ;"estions+
1
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$3P$,I$4T 4 2
Intro!"tion to >ei- ? Prote"s soft&re
'()eti*e+
Introduction to Keil software.
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(. "elect 4ew Nision Pro7ect from te Pro7ect enu.
/. 4ame te pro7ect Toggle .5. Clic6 on te "a'e Button.
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. Te de'ice window will +e displa*ed.
. "elect te part *ou will +e using to test wit. -or now we will use te )tmel"emiconductor part 8!"51 or 8!C51.
8. %ou+le Clic6 on te )tmel "emiconductor.
!. "croll down and select te )T8!"51Part.
10. Clic6 K.
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$re&tin% o"re i-e+
1. Clic6 -ile enu and select 4ew.
2. ) new window will open up in te Keil I%$.
8
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(. Cop* te e9ample to te ,igt into te new window. Tis file will toggle Ports 1and 2 continuousl* wit a dela*.
Oinclude Freg51.H
'oid "%ela*unsigned int'oid main 'oidQ
wile1 ::anoter wa* to do it fore'er
Q
P1R0955
P2R0955
"%ela*250
P1R09))
P2R09))
"%ela*250
S
S
'oid "%ela*unsigned int itimeQ
unsigned int i 7foriR0iFitimeifor7R07F1257
S
/. Clic6 on -ile menu and select "a'e )sU
!
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5. 4ame te file Toggle.c
. Clic6 te "a'e Button
. Cange file t*pe to )sm "ource -ile V.c.
8. "elect toggle.c
!. Clic6 )dd +utton
10. Clic6 Close +utton.
10
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11.$9pand te "ource roup 1 in te Tree menu to ensure tat te file was added tote pro7ect.
$re&tin% @EX for t,e P&rt+
1. Clic6 on Target 1 in Tree menu
2. Clic6 on Pro7ect enu and select ptions for Target 1
11
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(. "elect Target Ta+
/. Cange 3tal
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. Clic6 K Button.
8. Clic6 on Pro7ect enu and select ,e+uild all Target -iles.
!. In te Build indow it sould report 0 $rrors s 0 arnings .
10. Wou are now read* to Program *our Part.
1(
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Testin% Pro%r&m in 0e("%%er+
1. Clic6 on %e+ug enu and "elect "tart:"top %e+ug "ession.
2. If *ou use a free 'ersion of Keil te dialog appears. Clic6 K
(. Te Keil %e+ugger sould +e now ,unning.
/. Clic6 on Periperals. "elect I: Ports "elect Port 1. ,epeat for Port 2.
1/
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) new window sould will pop up. Tis represents te Ports and Pins.
5. 4ow press -5 to run te de+ugging.
15
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. To e9it out Clic6 on %e+ug enu and "elect "tart:"top %e+ug "ession or
press icon.
Prote"s oft&re+
Proteus PCB design com+ines te I"I" scematic capture and ),$" PCB la*outprograms to pro'ide a powerful integrated and eas* to use suite of tools forprofessional PCB %esign. )ll Proteus PCB design products include an integrated
sape +ased autorouter and a +asic "PIC$ simulation capa+ilit* as standard. oread'anced routing modes are included in Proteus PCB %esign #e'el 2 and igerwilst simulation capa+ilities can +e enanced +* purcasing te )d'anced"imulation option and:or micro;controller simulation capa+ilities.
Proteus is a single integrated application wit I"I" ),$" and (% iewer modulesappearing as ta++ed modules. Te program ena+les canges on te scematic to +ereflected across PCB B and %esign $9plorer in real time. Proteus stores tedesign %"4 la*out #WT and common data+ase in a single pro7ect file P%"P,X.
Proteus is perfect tool for engineers to test teir microcontroller designs +eforeconstructing a p*sical protot*pe in real time. Tis program allows users to interactwit te design using on;screen indicators and:or #$% and #C% displa*s and ifattaced to te PC switces and +uttons.
Lo&!in% & Miroontro--er it, & ,ex fi-e in prote"s+
"tep1= Place *our components from te li+rar* and ma6e scematic.
1
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"tep2= Place cursor on microcontroller 8!"51 and dou+le clic6 it. ) window will
open on program file option clic6 on folder icon and add director* of *our e9 file
KeilYC51Y$9amplesY
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Re*ie A"estions+
1 ei- ompi-er=
2 ei-=
3 @o e -in/ @ex fi-e on Prote"s s,em&ti=
4 ei- ompi-er=
5 ei- ompi-er is "se! for re&tin% @ex fi-es for miroontro--ers=
18
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$3P$,I$4T 4 (
Test .en, for 8951 or 89$51 miroontro--er
'()eti*e+
%escription of test +enc
$omponents+
8!"51 or 8!C51 microcontroller
8 #$% s
BuLLer
,ela*
,esistors ((0Z 116Z 1106Z8 & 8.26Z1
Capacitors 10u-1 & (0p-2
12
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te registers to +e lost. It will set program counter to all 0 s. In order for te ,$"$Tinput to +e effecti'e it must a'e a minimum duration of 2 macine c*cles. In oterwords te ig pulse must +e ig for a minimum of 2 macine c*cles +efore it isallowed to go low. -igure 2 a and + sow two wa*s of connecting te ,"T pin to
power;on reset circuitr*. -igure 2 + uses a momentar* switc for reset circuitr*.U1
3921
P0.0/AD0 P2.0/A838 22P0.1/AD1 P2.1/A937 23P0.2/AD2 P2.2/A1036 24P0.3/AD3 P2.3/A1135 25P0.4/AD4 P2.4/A1234 26P0.5/AD5 P2.5/A1333 27P0.6/AD6 P2.6/A1432 28P0.7/AD7 P2.7/A15
1 10P1.0/T2 P3.0/RXD2 11P1.1/T2EX P3.1/TXD3 12P1.2/ECI P3.2/ INT04 13P1.3/CEX0 P3.3/INT15 14P1.4/CEX1 P3.4/T06 15P1.5/CEX2 P3.5/T17 16P1.6/CEX3 P3.6/WR8 17P1.7/CEX4 P3.7/RD
19 30X1 ALE
18
29
X2 PSEN10uF 31
EA
5V 30pF 12M! 9 RST GND
40
VCC
8.2" 30pF 20
80C51
0
0
&
30pF
0 12M!
30pF
10uF
5V
8.2"
0
SW PUS$UTT%N0
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U1
3921
P0.0/AD0 P2.0/A838 22P0.1/AD1 P2.1/A937 23P0.2/AD2 P2.2/A1036 24P0.3/AD3 P2.3/A1135 25P0.4/AD4 P2.4/A1234 26P0.5/AD5 P2.5/A1333 27P0.6/AD6 P2.6/A1432 28P0.7/AD7 P2.7/A15
1 10
P1 .0 /T2 P3.0 /RXD2 11P1.1/T2EX P3.1/TXD3 12P1.2/ECI P3.2/INT04 13P1.3/CEX0 P3.3/INT15 14P1.4/CEX1 P3.4/T06 15P1.5/CEX2 P3.5/T17 16P1.6/CEX3 P3.6/WR8 17P1.7/CEX4 P3.7/RD
19 30X1 ALE
18 29X2 PSEN
31EA9RST
40GND
VCC
80C51 20
(
i%"re 2+ Poer'n REET $ir"it
E:+
;$) ?e9ternal access is an input pin and must +e connected to cc or 4%. Te
8051 famil* mem+ers all come wit on;cip , to store programs. "o ;$) pin isconnected to cc. Te 80(1 and 80(2 famil* mem+ers do not a'e on;cip , so
20
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code is stored on an e9ternal , and is fetced +* 80(1:(2. "o ;$) pin must +econnected to 4% to indicate tat te code is stored e9ternall*.
PEN+
;P"$4 ?program store ena+le is an output pin. Tis pin is connected to te $ pin
of te, in 80(1 +ased s*stems.
:LE+
)#$ ?address latc ena+le@ is an output pin and is acti'e ig in 80(1 +aseds*stems.
Ports 1 2 &n! 3+
Te four 8;+it I: ports P0 P1 P2 and P( eac uses 8 pins. )ll te ports upon ,$"$Tare configured as output read* to +e used as input ports.
P+
Port 0 is also designated as )%0;)% allowing it to +e used for +ot address anddata. en connecting an8051:(1 to an e9ternal memor*
5V
port 0 pro'ides +ot address and 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 U1data. Te 8051 multiple9es
39 21
address and data troug port 0 0 P0.0/AD0 P2.0/A838 22P0.1/AD1 P2.1/A937 23to sa'e pins. )#$ indicates if P0
P0.2/AD2 P2.2/A1036 24
P0.3/AD3 P2.3/A1135 25P0.4/AD4 P2.4/A12
as address or data. 34 26P0.5/AD5 P2.5/A1333 27P0.6/AD6 P2.6/A1432
28
en )#$R0 it pro'idesP0.7/AD7 P2.7/A15
1 10P1.0/T2 P3.0/RXD2 11
data %0;%. P1.1/T2EX P3.1/TXD
3 12P1.2/ECI P3.2/INT04 13P1.3/CEX0 P3.3/INT1
en )#$R1 it as 5 14P1.4/CEX1 P3.4/T06 15P1.5/CEX2 P3.5/T1
address )0;).7 16
P1.6/CEX3 P3.6/WR8 17P1.7/CEX4 P3.7/RD
19 30
It can +e used for input or output X1 ALE
18 29X2 PSENi%"re 3 31
eac pin must +e connected EA9RST
GNDe9ternall* to a 10K om pull;up 40 VCC
resistor. Tis is due to te fact 80C5120
tat P0 is an open drain unli6eP1 P2 and P(. Tis is sown in figure (.
P1 &n! P2+
Bot P1 and P2 are used as simple I: pins.
P3+
Port ( can +e used as input or output. Port ( as te additional function of pro'idingsome e9tremel* important signals. Te* are listed in figure /.
21
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i%"re 4
8 LE0s p&ne-+
-or 'isual representation of data from microcontroller we use 8 #$%s panel on tetest +enc. Tese are connected from te microcontroller in ?sin6 in@ configuration.Te anodes of #$%s are pro'ided 5 %C suppl* troug ((0Z resistors and tecatodes are connected to te microcontroller ports troug female eader.
V5
0
10uF
5V
8.2"
0
0
5V
0
10" 10" 10" 10" 10" 10" 10" 10"
U1
39P0.0/AD0 P2.0/A8
2138 22
P0.1/AD1 P2.1/A937 23P0.2/AD2 P2.2/A1036 24P0.3/AD3 P2.3/A11
35 25P0.4/AD4 P2.4/A12
34 26P0.5/AD5 P2.5/A13
33 27P0.6/AD6 P2.6/A14
32 28P0.7/AD7 P2.7/A15
330 1P1.0/T2 P3.0/RXD
10330 2 11
P1.1/T2EX P3.1/TXD330 3 12P1.2/ECI P3.2/INT0330 4 13P1.3/CEX0 P3.3/ INT1330 5 14P1.4/CEX1 P3.4/T0
330 6 15P1.5/CEX2 P3.5/T1
330 7 16P1.6/CEX3 P3.6/WR
330 8 17P1.7/CEX4 P3.7/RD
19X1 ALE
3018 29
X2 PSEN
31EA
30pF 9RST
12M!
GND40
VCC
30pF
2080C51
5V
0
i%"re 5
22
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:IB e*en e%ment 0isp-&+
;"egment %ispla* consists of se'en indi'idual coloured #$% s
called te segments witin one single displa* pac6age. Inorder to produce te re[uired num+ers or
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inducing rapid mo'ements in te diapragm of te +uLLer. In electronic +uLLers tese'i+rations are made +* an oscillator circuit wic dri'es a pieLo to produce te sound.BuLLers ma* +e )C operated or %C operated. In our test +enc we are using %C
+uLLer. It as a +uilt;in dri'er circuit and re[uires onl* a %C 'oltage to dri'e it.or6ing wit a 2/ %C suppl* 'oltage tis tin* unit can suppl* sound le'els of o'er
!5 dB at a (0 cm distance. Te unit will operate well wit 5 TT# 'oltages drawingonl* around 2 m). It will terefore ma6e an e9cellent +ell or warning alarm fordigital s*stems.
5V
0
10" 10" 10" 10" 10" 10" 10" 10"U1
5V
0
$U&&ER
10uF 30pF
5V
8.2" 30pF
0
0
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3921
P0.0/AD0
P2.0/A838 22
P0.1/AD1 P2.1/A937 23P0.2/AD2 P2.2/A1036 24P0.3/AD3 P2.3/A1135 25P0.4/AD4 P2.4/A1234 26P0.5/AD5 P2.5/A1333 27P0.6/AD6 P2.6/A14
32 28P0.7/AD7 P2.7/A151
10P1.0/T2
P3.0/RXD2
11
P1.1/T2EX P3.1/TXD3 12
P1.2/ECI P3.2/INT04 13
P1.3/CEX0 P3.3/INT15 14
P1.4/CEX1 P3.4/T06 15
7 16P1.6/CEX3 P3.6/WR
3308 P1.7/CEX4 P3.7/RD 17
19 X1 ALE 30
18
29
X2 PSEN31
9 EA
12M! RST
GN
D
40 VCC
80C51 20
5V
0
i%"re 7
ICB Re-&+
) rela* is an electricall* operated switc tat uses anelectromagnet to mo'e te switc from off to on
position instead of a person mo'ing a switc. It is anelectromagnetic de'ice wic is used to isolate twocircuits electricall* and connect tem magneticall*.Te* are often used to interface an electronic circuitwor6ing at a low 'oltage to an electrical circuitwic wor6s at 'er* ig 'oltage.
i%"re 8
2/
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$onstr"tion &n! suall* it doesn]tmatter if te rela* ta6es 1ms or 100ms to turn off.
255V 0
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39P0.0/AD0 P2.0/A8
2138 22
P0.1/AD1 P2.1/A937 23P0.2/AD2 P2.2/A1036 24P0.3/AD3 P2.3/A1135 25 1"P0.4/AD4 P2.4/A1234 26P0.5/AD5 P2.5/A13
33 27P0.6/AD6 P2.6/A1432 28P0.7/AD7 P2.7/A15
1P1.0/T2 P3.0/RXD
10
2 11 '1P1.1/T2EX P3.1/TXD3 12 2N1069P1.2/ECI P3.2/INT04 13P1.3/CEX0 P3.3/INT15 14P1.4/CEX1 P3.4/T06 15P1.5/CEX2 P3.5/T17 16P1.6/CEX3 P3.6/WR 08 17P1.7/CEX4 P3.7/RD
19X1 ALE
3018 29
X2 PSEN
10uF 31EA30pF 9RST5V 12M!
GND
40VCC
8.2" 30pF
20
0 80C51
0
5V
0
i%"re 9
Re*ie ;"estions+
1
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5V
0
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2
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$3P$,I$4T 4. /
,o "p &n! !on o"nter on LE0s "sin% 8951miroontro--erB
'()eti*e+
e are sowing up and down counter on led s wic are solded on test +enc.
$omponents+
8!"51 microcontroller
8 #$% s
8 resistors ((0Z
Connecting wires
Power suppl* 5
T,eoreti&- .&/%ro"n!+
In digital logic and computing a counter is a de'ice wic stores and sometimesdispla*s te num+er of times a particular e'ent or process as occurred often inrelationsip to a cloc6 signal. In practice tere are two t*pes of counters=
>p counters wic increase increment in 'alue
%own counters wic decrease decrement in 'alue
In electronics counters can +e implemented [uite easil* using register;t*pe circuits
suc as te flip;flop and a wide 'ariet* of classifications e9ist=
)s*ncronous ripple counter ^ canging state +its are used as cloc6s to
su+se[uent state flip;flops.
"*ncronous counter ^ all state +its cange under control of a single cloc6.
>p:down counter ^ counts +ot up and down under command of a control input.
$ac is useful for different applications. >suall* counter circuits are digital in nature
and count in natural +inar*. ccasionall* tere are ad'antages to using a counting
se[uence oter tan te natural +inar* se[uence suc as te +inar* coded decimal
counter a linear feed+ac6 sift register counter or a ra*;code counter. Counters are
useful for digital cloc6s and timers and in o'en timers C, cloc6s etc.
Proe!"re+
rite up and down counter code in Keil software. Create its e9 file.
Burn te program on microcontroller wit te elp of +urner.
a6e test +enc wit #$% s resistors capacitors and 8!"51.
)fter +urning program insert microcontroller in its +ase in test +enc.
Connect pins of port1 to #$% s troug 7umper wires.
Pro'ide power suppl* from trainer to test +enc.
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28
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Wou will see com+ination of +inar* num+ers +eing displa*ed on #$% s fromdown to up 0000 to 1001 and ten up to down 1001 to 0000.
$$o!e+
OincludeFreg51.H'oid main'oidQ
unsigned int9 forQ
P1R0900
for9R09F/00009
P1R0901
for9R09F/00009
P1R0902
for9R09F/00009P1R090(
for9R09F/00009
P1R090/
for9R09F/00009
P1R0905
for9R09F/00009
P1R090
for9R09F/00009
P1R090for9R09F/00009
P1R0908for9R09F/00009
P1R090!
for9R09F/00009
P1R0908
for9R09F/00009
P1R090
for9R09F/00009
P1R090
for9R09F/00009
P1R0905
for9R09F/00009P1R090/
for9R09F/00009
P1R090(
for9R09F/00009
P1R0902
for9R09F/00009
P1R0901
for9R09F/00009
P1R0900
for9R09F/00009
S
2!
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S
,em&ti+
Res"-ts+
Te counter is displa*ing on #$% s num+ers from 0000 to 10010 to ! inascending and ten descending order according to te code de'eloped. e can use itin man* applications.
Re*ie ;"estions+
1 In ,i, onfi%"r&tion LE0s &re onnete! to form o"nter=
(0
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2 LE0s i-- %-o ,en t,e reei*e from miroontro--er -o%i 1 or -o%i =
3 @o &n "p o"nters (e m&!e=
4
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$3P$,I$4T 4 5
I!entifi&tion of C&-i! &n! In*&-i! .$0 o!es
'()eti*e+
Identif* te 'alid BC% and in'alid BC% codes +* using a microcontroller 8!51.
$omponents+
i. 8!"51 icrocontroller.
ii. /#"/ %ecoder.
iii. "e'en "egment %ispla* common anode.
i'. Power "uppl* 5.
T,eoreti&- .&/%ro"n!+
Te codes mostl* used toda* are in +inar* +ut te* are in special form called BC%.But depending upon te no of inputs some BC% codes generate 'alid num+er +utoter displa* in'alid no at a displa*ing unit li6e se'en segment.
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i%"re 1
ain difference in use of a+o'e displa*s is tat segment is common catode groundat 1 pin or segment is common anode 5 at 1 pin. Te pin configuration can +e seen
in te dataseet of segment displa*.
7447 0eo!er+
It is te common concept tat e'er*ting in realit* needs some support and tatsupport run tat ting in realit*. Te ting wic interfaces a unit wit realit* or
practicall* wit real wor6 is called dri'er. "imilarl* se'en segment displa*s alsore[uire a dri'er for its operation in realit* or real world. Te dri'er used for te se'ensegment is // an IC t*pe sape. Tis dri'er also called a decoder wic con'ertste BC% in tat manner so tat on appl*ing te 'alid BC% te 'alid num+er at se'ensegment displa* is displa*ed. // is a dri'er as well as decoder for dri'ing se'ensegment displa* of common anode configuration and //8 is decoder and dri'er for
common catode t*pe se'en segment displa*.
Proe!"re+
i. ade te circuit according to scematic sown in figure.
ii. 4ow write te C;code for in'alid BC% codes tat correspond to +inar*num+ers from 1010 to 1111.
iii. Compile te program in Keil and +urn it into 8!"51 using +urner.
i'. Insert te programmed microcontroller into its +ase on test +enc.
'. Cec6 connections +etween "e'en segment displa* and decoder and +etweendecoder and microcontroller.
'i. Pro'ide power suppl* to test +enc troug trainer.
'ii. +ser'e and record te random figures tat are formed on "e'en segmentdispla* for eac in'alid BC% code.
,em&ti
((
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i%"re 2
$$o!e for *&-i! .$0 o!es+
OincludeFreg51.Hoid mainQ
unsigned car LforLR0LFR/0000LQ
P1R0900 :: P1 is set as port for sending te data.
forLR0LFR/0000LP1R0901
forLR0LFR/0000L
P1R0902
forLR0LFR/0000L
P1R090(
forLR0LFR/0000L
P1R090/
forLR0LFR/0000L
P1R0905
forLR0LFR/0000L
P1R090forLR0LFR/0000L
P1R090
forLR0LFR/0000L
P1R0908
forLR0LFR/0000L
P1R090!
forLR0LFR/0000L
S
S
$$o!e for In*&-i! .$0 o!es+
(/
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OincludeFreg51.Hoid mainQ
unsigned car LforLR0LFR/0000L
QP1R090) :: P1 is set as port for sending te data.forLR0LFR/0000LP1R090B
forLR0LFR/0000L
P1R090C
forLR0LFR/0000L
P1R090%
forLR0LFR/0000L
P1R090$
forLR0LFR/0000L
P1R090-forLR0LFR/0000L
S
S
Re*ie ;"estions+
1
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$3P$,I$4T 4
:-&rm sstem "sin% 8951 it, t,e ,e-p of & sin%-e (it (&se!&-&rm sstemB
'()eti*e+
%esign of alarm s*stem using 8!C51 wit te elp of single +it +ased alarm s*stem.
$omponents+
Test +enc of 8!"51
2 ,esistors ((0Z
BuLLer
#$%
T,eoreti&- .&/%ro"n!+
)n alarm s*stem is needed to pre'ent an* +ad condition or situation wic we don twant to face. en alarm de'ice is installed ten we can a'oid unsuita+lecircumstances as we can use a fire alarm antiteft alarm de'ice etc. "o we need analarm s*stem wic can +e implemented for antiteft purpose. )n alarm de'ice ors*stem gi'es an audi+le 'isual or an* oter form of signal during a pro+lem or an*una'oida+le circumstances. Te* are often connected wit a +uLLer or siren. Te*a'e a capa+ilit* of causing a figt or fligt response in umans. In tis condition a
person will panic and eiter flee te percei'ed danger or attempt to eliminate it. Tis+uLLer ma6es sound wen te force is applied to te force sensiti'e resistor. Tis actsas an alarm s*stem and it is connected troug te ,- module so it can +e called aswireless alarm s*stem. en some force is applied to te force sensiti'e resistor tesignal is transmitted to te recei'er and te +uLLer ma6es sound wic ser'es as analarm. Te alarm +lows for 2 sec and ten it is off.
Proe!"re+
rite a code for te single +it +ased alarm s*stem using 8!"51 in 6eilsoftware.
Burn te program on 8!"51 using +urner.
Insert te programmed 8!"51 into its +ase on test +enc..
Connect te +uLLer and resistor to port P2A1.
Connect te led and resistor to P2A2
Ta6e te port P2A0 as a input.
en te input is connected to low logic led will +e 4 gi'ing te indicationof correct alarm.
en te input is connected to ig logic +uLLer will +e 4 gi'ing teindication of wrong alarm.
$$o!e+
OincludeFreg51.H
s+it inputRP2A0s+it +uLLerRP2A1
(
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s+it ledRP2A2'oid mainQ
wile1
Q
ifinputRR0Q
ledR0
+uLLerR1
S
else ifinputRR1
Q
+uLLerR0
ledR1
S
S
S
,em&ti+
5V
10" 10" 10" 10" 10"
5V
0
$U&&ER 330
10uF30pF
5V 12M!
8.2" 30pF
0
0
0
i%"
re 1
(
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0
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U121
P0. 0/AD0 P2.0/A8 22P0. 1/AD1 P2.1/A9 23P0. 2/AD2 P2.2/A10 24P0. 3/AD3 P2.3/A11 25P0. 4/AD4 P2.4/A12 26P0. 5/AD5 P2.5/A13 27P0. 6/AD6 P2.6/A14 28
P0. 7/AD7 P2.7/A1510
P1. 0/T2 P3.0/RXD 11P1. 1/T2EX P3.1/TXD 12P1. 2/ECI P3.2/ INT0 13P1. 3/CEX0 P3.3/INT1 14P1. 4/CEX1 P3.4/T0 15P1. 5/CEX2 P3.5/T1 16P1. 6/CEX3 P3.6/WR 17
P1. 7/CEX4 P3.7/RD 30
X1 ALE29
X2 PSEN
EARST
GND
VCC
80C5120
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Res"-t+
"etting te 'alue at 0 led will +e 4 indicating correct code .ile setting 'alue at
1 +uLLer will +e 4 indicating wrong code.
Re*ie ;"estions+
1B
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$3P$,I$4T 4
Interf&in% of L0R &n! T,ermistor it, 8951
$omponents+
#%,
Termistor
aria+le resistors 2
((0Z resistor 1
#$%s 2
10u- capacitor
%C 'oltmeter
Torc
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ligt dependent resistors are semiconductors wen used as a poto;resistor te* areused onl* as a resisti'e element and tere are no P4 7unctions. )ccordingl* te de'iceis purel* passi'e.
Tere are two t*pes of potoconductor and ence potoresistor=
1 Intrinsi p,otoresistor+
Tis t*pe of potoresistor uses a potoconducti'e material tat in'ol'es e9citation ofcarge carriers from te 'alence +ands to te conduction +and.
2 Extrinsi p,otoresistor+
Tis t*pe of potoresistor uses a potoconducti'e material tat in'ol'es e9citation of
carge carriers +etween an impurit* and te 'alence +and or conduction +and. It
re[uires sallow impurit* dopants tat are not ionised in te presence of ligt.
$9trinisc potoresistors or potocells are generall* designed for long wa'elengt
radiation ; often infra;red +ut to a'oid termal generation te* need to +e operated atlow temperature
.&si p,otoresistor str"t"re
)ltoug tere are man* wa*s in wic ligt dependent resistors or poto resistors
can +e manufactured tere are naturall* a few more common metods tat are seen.
$ssentiall* te potoresisitor or potocell consists of a resisti'e material sensiti'e to
ligt tat is e9posed to ligt. Te poto resisti'e element comprises section of te
material wit contacts at eiter end.
) t*pical structure for a ligt dependent or poto resistor uses an acti'esemiconductor la*er tat is deposited on an insulating su+strate. Te semiconductor is
normall* ligtl* doped to ena+le it to a'e te re[uired le'el of conducti'it*. Contacts
are ten placed eiter side of te e9posed area. itin te +asic poto resistor or
potocell structure te resistance of te material itself is a 6e* issue. To ensure te
resistance canges resulting from te ligt dominate contact resistance is minimiLed.
To acie'e tis te area around te contacts is normall* ea'il* doped to reduce te
resistance in tis region. In man* instances te area +etween te contacts is in te
form of a Lig Lag or inter digital pattern. Tis ma9imiLes te e9posed area and +*
6eeping te distance +etween te contacts small it reduces te spurious resistance
le'els and enances te gain.
P,otoresistor or p,otoe-- it, inter!i%it&- ont&t p&ttern
/0
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It is also possi+le to use a pol*cr*stalline semiconductor tat is deposited onto asu+strate suc as ceramic. Tis ma6es for a 'er* low cost ligt dependent resistor.
P,otoresistor &pp-i&tions
Te potoresistor or ligt dependent resistor is attracti'e in man* electronic circuit
designs +ecause of its low cost simple structure and rugged features. ile it ma* not
a'e some of te features of te poto;diode and poto;transistor it is ideal for man*
applications. )s a result te poto;resistor is widel* used in circuits suc as
potograpic meters flame or smo6e detectors +urglar alarms card readers controls
for street ligting and man* oters.
T,ermistor
) resistor made of semiconductors a'ing resistance tat 'aries rapidl* andpredicta+l* wit temperature is called termistor. Te termistor is a resistor woseresistance strongl* depends on temperature sowing a nonlinear ;I caracteristic.
"pecific to tis temperature dependence compared wit tat of fi9ed linear resistorsis te fact tat for a temperature 'ariation wit one degree te 'alue of te termistorsresistance canges +* tens of percent. In oter words it is possi+le tat witin anarrow temperature range te termistor would al'e or dou+le its resistance 'alue.
T,ermistor ssm(o-
%ecrease or increase in resistance is closel* correlated wit te t*pe of te termistorwic can +e=
a 4egati'e temperature coefficient 4TC
+ Positi'e temperature coefficient PTC.
Termistors s*m+ols are sown in -igure.
/1
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Dr&p, of NT$ &n! PT$
Prinip-e of
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Proe!"re
Tere are te following steps in'ol'ing in tis e9periment.
L0R
a6e connections of #%, wit 8!"51 test +enc as sown in te figure.
Place a ((0Z resistor in series wit #%, and connect an #$% in parallel.
Connect a %C 'oltmeter in parallel to te #$% for measuring 'oltages for te4 state and -- state of #$%.
+tain re[uired le'els of ligt for wic #$% glows and for wic it sta*s
-- +* inserting a 'aria+le resistor in series wit te #%,. Increasing te
resistance will reduce te intensit* le'el of ligt for wic #$% glows.
easure te 'oltages +* %C 'oltmeter witout trowing ligt on #%,. Te
'oltage sould lie +etween 0 to 0.8 for tis condition and #$% sould
remain --.
easure te 'oltages +* %C 'oltmeter again +* trowing re[uired intensit* of
ligt on #%,. Te 'oltage sould lie +etween 2 to 5 for tis condition and
#$% sould glow.
,ecord te 'oltages against te two intensit* le'els of ligt in ta+le.
inute ligt less tan /0 )t ligt effect 2000 lu9
lu9
0.(52.22
$9periment can +e repeated for different ligt intensities +* canging 'alue of'aria+le resistor.
/(
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i%"re 1
T,ermistor
a6e connections of termistor wit 8!"51 test +enc as sown in te figure.
Place a ((0Z resistor in series wit parallel com+ination of 10u- capacitor
and termistor. )lso connect an #$% and %C 'oltmeter in parallel for
measuring 'oltages for te 4 state and -- state of #$%.
+tain re[uired le'els of eat:temperature for wic #$% glows and for
wic it sta*s -- +* inserting a 'aria+le resistor in series wit te #%,
instead of ((0 Z resistor. Increasing te resistance will reduce te intensit*
le'el of eat for wic #$% glows.
easure te 'oltages +* %C 'oltmeter at room temperature witout eating.
Te 'oltage sould lie +etween 0 to 0.8 for tis condition and #$% sould
remain --.
easure te 'oltages +* %C 'oltmeter again +* eating to +oiling point. Te'oltage sould lie +etween 2 to 5 for tis condition and #$% sould glow.
,ecord te 'oltages against te two temperature le'els in ta+le.
,oom Temperature 25 C )t eating effect 100 C
0.(12.1!
//
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i%"re 2
$$o!e
"ame code is used for #%, and termistor wen tese are connected to an* pin of I:port.Oinclude Freg51.H
s+it a+itRP1A0 ::input reference from #%, or termistor
s+it loc61RP1A5 ::input to te application to turn on or off
'oid main'oid
Q
wile1
Q
ifa+itRR1
loc61R0 ::means use te +it at te ground side of application
elseloc61R1
S
S
Re*ie ;"estions
1
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JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
3
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$9periment 4o 8
o"r
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$ir"it 0i&%r&m+
$$o!e+
Oinclude Freg51.H'oid main'oidQ
unsigned int9 forQ
P0R09/P2R09!2P(R092/
for9R09F55(59
for9R09F55(59
P0R0952P2R09!2P(R092/for9R09F55(59
for9R09F55(59
P0R098!P2R09!/P(R092/
for9R09F55(59
for9R09F55(59
P0R090!P2R09!!P(R092/
for9R09F55(59
for9R09F55(59P0R098!P2R09!/P(R092/
for9R09F55(59
for9R09F55(59P0R09/!P2R0922P(R0925
/8
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for9R09F55(59
for9R09F55(59
P0R09/!P2R09/2P(R092
for9R09F55(59
for9R09F55(59
P0R09/!P2R0922P(R0925for9R09F55(59
for9R09F55(59
P0R09/!P2R09!2P(R09/8
for9R09F55(59
for9R09F55(59
P0R09/!P2R09!2P(R09!0
for9R09F55(59
for9R09F55(59
P0R09/!P2R09!2P(R09/8
for9R09F55(59
for9R09F55(59P0R0952P2R09!2P(R092/
for9R09F55(59
for9R09F55(59
S
S
Re*ie ;"estions+
1.
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Experiment No 9
Interf&in% of 8951 it, 0$ Motor
'()eti*e+
Te o+7ecti'e of tis e9periment is to interface %C motor wit 8!"51 microcontrollerand control te speed of %C motor.
EA"ipment ReA"ire!+
)T8!"51 icrocontroller
pto;isolator I#%/
%arlington Transistor TIP120
%iode 14/00/
,esistors ((0Z 106Z 1006Z
Capacitor 0.1>f
"imple %C otor
Components for 8!"51 test +enc circuitr*
T,eoreti&- .&/%ro"n!+
IB 0$ Motor+
Te %C otor is te most commonl* used actuator for producing continuousmo'ement and wose speed of rotation can easil* +e controlled ma6ing tem idealfor use in applications were speed control ser'o t*pe control and:or positioning is
re[uired. ) %C motor consists of two parts a ?"tator@ wic is te stationar* part anda ?,otor@ wic is te rotating part. Te result is tat tere are +asicall* tree t*pes of%C otor a'aila+le.
.r"s,e! Motor+
Tis t*pe of motor produces a magnetic field in a wound rotor te part tat rotates+* passing an electrical current troug a commutator and car+on +rus assem+l*ence te term ?Brused@. Te stators te stationar* part magnetic field is produced
+* using eiter a wound stator field winding or +* permanent magnets. enerall*+rused %C motors are ceap small and easil* controlled.
.r"s,-ess Motor+
Tis t*pe of motor produce a magnetic field in te rotor +* using permanent magnetsattaced to it and commutation is acie'ed electronicall*. Te* are generall* smaller
+ut more e9pensi'e tan con'entional +rused t*pe %C motors +ecause te* use
?
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:IB 0$ Motor it,in% &n! $ontro-+
Te ma9imum current tat can +e sourced or sun6 from an 8051 microcontroller is 15m) at 5'. But a %C otor need currents 'er* muc more tan tat and it need'oltages ' 12' 2/' etc. depending upon te t*pe of motor used. )noter pro+lem is
tat te +ac6 emf produced +* te motor ma* affect te proper functioning of temicrocontroller. %ue to tese reasons we can t connect a %C otor directl* to amicrocontroller.
To o'ercome tese pro+lems
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i%"re 1
0is&!*&nt&%e of t,is ontro- met,o!+
ile controlling te speed of a %C motor wit a single transistor as man*ad'antages it also as one main disad'antage te direction of rotation is alwa*s tesame it s a ?>nidirectional@ circuit. In man* applications we need to operate temotor in +ot directions forward and +ac6. To control te direction of a %C motor te
polarit* of te %C power applied to te motor s connections must +e re'ersedallowing its saft to rotate in te opposite direction.
Proe!"re+
1. $[uip icrocontroller 8!"51 wit te e9ternal cloc6 and reset circuitr*.
2. Connect pin1 of ptoisolator I#%/ to 5 troug ((0Z resistor and its pin 2to P2A0 of icrocontroller.
(. Connect pin / of ptoisolator I#%/ to +ase of %arlington transistor TIP120wile its pin 5 is connected to 12.
/. Connect freeweeling diode 14/00/ 0.1u- capacitor and %C motor inparallel wit one terminal connected to 12 and te oter terminal connected
to Collector terminal of TIP120.5. Program te microcontroller turn on power supplies and o+ser'e results.
52
,em&ti+
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10" 10" 10" 10" 10" 10" 10" 10"
30pF
5V 10uF
30pF12M!
8.2"
0 0
$ $o!e+
OincludeFreg51.H
OincludeFstdio.H
'oid dela*int
'oid main
Q
doQ
P2 R 0901dela*100P2 R 0900dela*100
S
wile1
S
'oid dela*int 6
Q
int i7foriR0iF6iQ
for7R07F1007
QS
S
S
5V
12V
2
0
0 0.1uF
U1 330 1N40041
39 P0.0/AD0 P2.0/A8 21
38
P0.1/AD1 P2.1/A9 22 '1
37 P0.2/AD2 P2.2/A10 23 10"36 P0.3/AD3 P2.3/A11 2435 P0.4/AD4 P2.4/A12 2534 P0.5/AD5 P2.5/A13 2633 P0.6/AD6 P2.6/A14 27 TIP122
32 P0.7/AD7 P2.7/A15
28 12V
1P1.0/T2 P3.0/RXD
10 IS%1
2 11 %PT% IS%LAT%R 100"P1.1/T2EX P3.1/TXD
3 12P1.2/ECI P3.2/INT04
P1.3/CEX0 P3.3/INT1 13
5 14P1.4/CEX1 P3.4/T06 15P1.5/CEX2 P3.5/T17 16
8 P1.6/CEX3 P3.6/WR 17P1.7/CEX4 P3.7/RD 0
19 30X1 ALE
18 29X2 PSEN
31EA9RST
40 GND
VCC
80C51 20
5V
0
i%"re 2+ Interf&in% 0$ motor it, 89$51
5(
M1M%T%R DC
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Res"-t+
Te motor stepping se[uence was o+ser'ed as follows=
P2.0:I4 otor "tatus
0 o'es C#CKI"$1 "tops
Re*ie ;"estions+
1
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Experiment # 1
Interf&in% of 8951 it, tepper Motor
'()eti*e+
Te o+7ecti'e of tis e9periment is to interface stepper motor wit 8!"51microcontroller and to control te speed of te motor.
EA"ipment ReA"ire!+
)T8!"51 icrocontroller
otor %ri'er >#4200( IC
>nipolar "tepper otor
,esistors /.6Z
Components for 8!"51 test +enc circuitr*
T,eoreti&- .&/%ro"n!+
IB tepper Motor+
) stepper motor is a widel* used de'ice tat translates electrical pulses intomecanical mo'ement. In applications suc as dis6 dri'es dot matri9 printers andro+otics te stepper motor is used for position control. "tepper motors commonl*a'e a permanent magnet rotor also called te saft surrounded +* a stator.Tereare also steppers called 'aria+le reluctance stepper motors tat do not a'e a Protor. Te most common stepper motors a'e four stator windings tat are paired wit
a center;tapped common. Tis t*pe of stepper motor is commonl* referred to as afour;pase unipolar stepper motor. Te center tap allows a cange of current directionin eac of two coils wen a winding is grounded tere+* resulting in a polarit*cange of te stator.
) "tepper otor is +asicall* +rusless s*ncronous %C otor. Te total rotation ofte motor is di'ided into steps. Te angle of a single step is 6nown as te stepperangle of te motor.
:IB To p,&se tepper Motors+
Tere are two +asic winding arrangements for te electromagnetic coils in a twopase stepper motor= +ipolar and unipolar.
.ipo-&r stepper motor+
Te +ipolar stepper motor usuall* as four wires coming out of it. >nli6e unipolarsteppers +ipolar steppers a'e no common center connection. Te* a'e twoindependent sets of coils instead. Te* can +e distinguised from unipolar steppers +*measuring te resistance +etween te wires. ne sould find two pairs of wires wite[ual resistance. If *ou 'e got te leads of *our meter connected to two wires tat arenot connected i.e. not attaced to te same coil *ou sould see infinite resistance orno continuit*.Bipolar stepper motors a'e no center tap and a'ing e[ual coilresistances.
55
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i%"re 1+ Bipolar stepper motor coils
Knipo-&r stepper motor+
) unipolar stepper motor as one winding wit center tap per pase. "ince in tisarrangement a magnetic pole can +e re'ersed witout switcing te direction ofcurrent te commutation circuit can +e made 'er* simple e.g. a single transistor foreac winding. T*picall* gi'en a pase te center tap of eac winding is madecommon= gi'ing tree leads per pase and si9 leads for a t*pical two pase motor.ften tese two pase commons are internall* 7oined so te motor as onl* fi'eleads. indings of tis motor can +e identified +* toucing te terminal wirestogeter in P motors. If te terminals of a coil are connected te saft +ecomesarder to turn. ne wa* to distinguis te center tap common wire from a coil;endwire is +* measuring te resistance. ,esistance +etween common wire and coil;endwire is alwa*s alf of wat it is +etween coil;end and coil;end wires. %ue to te easeof operation unipolar stepper motor is commonl* used. e are using it in tise9periment too.
i%"re 2+ >nipolar stepper motor coils
.IB 0ri*in% Knipo-&r tepper it, 89$51+
>nipolar stepper motors can +e used in 'arious modes. Tree of most common are tea'e %ri'e -ull %ri'e and
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"-- 0ri*e+
In tis mode two electromagnets are energiLed at a time so te tor[ue generated will+e larger wen compared to a'e %ri'e. Tis dri'e is commonl* used tan oters.Power consumption will +e iger tan oter modes.
"-- 0ri*e teppin% eA"ene
tep : . $ 0
1 1 1 0 0
2 0 1 1 0
( 0 0 1 1
/ 1 0 0 1
@&-f 0ri*e+
In tis mode alternati'el* one and two electromagnets are energiLed so it is acom+ination of a'e and -ull dri'es. Tis mode is commonl* used to increase te
angular resolution of te motor +ut te tor[ue will +e less a+out 0 at its alf stepposition. e can see tat te angular resolution dou+les wen using #4200() as a 2.;6Z series +ase resistor for eac %arlington pair for operationdirectl* wit TT# or 5; C" de'ices. In te motor dri'ing circuit >#4200(reduces +ac6 $-.
Proe!"re+
1. $[uip icrocontroller 8!"51 wit te e9ternal cloc6 and reset circuitr*.
2. Connect input pins 1 to / of >#4200( dri'er IC P2A0 to P2A( respecti'el* andalso to 5 suppl* troug /.6Z resistors.
5
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(. "ort center tap common wire of +ot windings of unipolar stepper motorand connect to 5 suppl*.
/. Connect remaining two ends of eac winding one +* one to collectors of poto%arlington pairs in >#4200() i.e. pins 1( to 1 of >#4200(.
5. Program te microcontroller turn on power supplies and o+ser'e results.
,em&ti+
5V5V
10" 10" 10" 10" 10" 10" 10" 10"
30pF
5V 10uF
30pF12M!
8.2"
0 0
0
4.7" 4.7"
0 4.7"
4.7"M1
U1 U4 M%T%R STEPPERULN2003A
39P0.0/AD0 P2.0/A8
21 11$ 1C
16
38 22 2 15P0.1/AD1 P2.1/A9 2$ 2C37 23 3 14P0.2/AD2 P2.2/A10 3$ 3C
36 24 4 13P0.3/AD3 P2.3/A11 4$ 4C35 25 5 12
34 P0.4/AD4 P2.4/A12 26 6 5$ 5C 11P0.5/AD5 P2.5/A13 6$ 6C33 27 7 10P0.6/AD6 P2.6/A14 7$ 7C
32 28P0.7/AD7P2.7/A15
9C%MGND
1 P1.0/T2 P3.0/RXD 102 P1.1/T2EX P3.1/TXD 11
83 12
P1.2/ECI P3.2/INT04 135 P1.3/CEX0 P3.3/INT1 14
6 P1.4/CEX1 P3.4/T0 15 5VP1.5/CEX2 P3.5/T1
7 16P1.6/CEX3 P3.6/WR
8 P1.7/CEX4 P3.7/RD
17
19
30
X1 ALE18 29
31X2 PSEN 0
EA9RST
40G
ND
VCC
80C51 20
5V
0
i%"re 3+ Knipo-&r stepper motor interf&in% it, 89$51 "sin% !ri*er KLN23
$ $o!e+
OincludeFreg51.HOincludeFstdio.H
'oid dela*int
'oid main
Q
do
Q
P2 R 090( ::0011dela*1000
P2 R 090 ::0110dela*1000P2 R 090C ::1100
58
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dela*1000
P2 R 090! ::1001dela*1000
S
wile1
S
'oid dela*int 6
Q
int i7foriR0iF6iQ
for7R07F1007
QS
S
S
Res"-t+
Te motor stepping se[uence was o+ser'ed as follows=
Res"-tin% eA"enetep : . $ 0
1 0 0 1 1
2 0 1 1 0
( 1 1 0 0
/ 1 0 0 1
Re*ie ;"estions+
1
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JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
5
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Experiment # 11
Interf&in% t,e 8951 miroontro--er it, :0$84 ,ip
'()eti*e+
Te o+7ecti'e of tis e9periment is to interface )%C080/ cip wit 8!"C51microcontroller and to displa* te result on #C%.
EA"ipment ReA"ire!+
)T8!"51 icrocontroller
)%C080/ IC
1V2 #C% %ispla*
Potentiometer 106Z
Capacitor 150p-
Components for 8!"51 test +enc circuitr*
T,eoreti&- .&/%ro"n!+
In em+edded s*stem it is essential tat microcontrollers ta6e analog input. "ensorsand transducers used in industr* are analog in nature. It is needed to con'ert teanalog output from te sensors to digital so tat te corresponding signal can +e
processed +* te controller. Tese are generall* used in control operation andinstrumentation in industries. )%Cs are used e'er*were wen we a'e to processstore or transmit an analog signal in digital form.
)%Cs are used in T tuner cards and for digital data processing in microcontrollers inte form of on cip 8 +it 10 +it )%Cs. Commercial )%Cs are also used as integratedcircuits. Con'ertors wit a resolution of 8 to 2/ +its are used and its sample fre[uenc*is in order of some K
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digital con'ertor i.e. it can ta6e onl* one analog signal. )n )%C as n +it resolution+inar* form were n can +e 810121 or e'en 2/ +its. )%C 080/ as 8 +itresolution. Te iger resolution )%C gi'es smaller step siLe. "tep siLe is smallestcange tat can +e measured +* an )%C. -or an )%C wit resolution of 8 +its testep siLe is 1!.5(m 5:255.
Te time ta6en +* te )%C to con'ert analog data into digital form is dependent onte fre[uenc* of cloc6 source. )%C080/ can +e gi'en cloc6 from e9ternal source. Italso as an internal cloc6.
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clearing its screen setting te cursor position controlling displa* etc. Te dataregister stores te data to +e displa*ed on te #C%. Te data is te )"CII 'alue of tecaracter to +e displa*ed on te #C%.
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LCD DB7DB6DB5DB4DB3DB2DB1DB0
ER/WRS
VEEVCCVSS
1413121110987
654
321
10" 10" 10" 10" 10"10" 10" 10"
5V 5V
0 U1
39P0.0/AD0 P2.0/A8
2138 22
0 P0.1/AD1 P2.1/A937 23P0.2/AD2 P2.2/A1036 24P0.3/AD3 P2.3/A1135 25P0.4/AD4 P2.4/A1210" 34 26P0.5/AD5 P2.5/A13P%T 33 27P0.6/AD6 P2.6/A14U6 32 28P0.7/AD7 P2.7/A15
6(IN D$0
18 1P1.0/T2 P3.0/RXD
107 17 2 11
)IN D$1 P1.1/T2EX P3.1/TXD10" 16 3 12D$2 P1.2/ECI P3.2/INT09 15 4 13
0 VREF/2 D$3 P1.3/CEX0 P3.3/INT114 5 14D$4 P1.4/CEX1 P3.4/T04 13 6 15
CL*IN D$5 P1.5/CEX2 P3.5/T119 12 7 16CL*R D$6 P1.6/CEX3 P3.6/WR150pF 11 8 17
D$7 P1.7/CEX4 P3.7/RD2RD3 5 19 30WR INTR X1 ALE1 18 29
CS AGN
D
X2 PSEN
GND20
VCC/VREF31
EA9
0 RST
10
GND
ADC08048
30pF 40VCC5V 10uF
5V
20
30pF12M! 80C51
8.2"5V
0
0 0 0
i%"re+ :0$84 interf&in% it, 8951 to !isp-& res"-ts on L$0
$ $o!e+
OincludeFreg51.H s+itrs R P2A0 s+it rw RP2A1 s+it en R P2A2
s+it rd R P2A( s+it wrR P2A/ s+it intr RP2A5 'oid initJlcd
'oid lcdJcommunsigned car 'alue1 'oidlcdJdataunsigned car 'alue2 'oid
lcdJmsgunsigned car Vc 'oiddela*unsigned int ms
'oid adcJinit 'oidadcJread'oid Con'erterunsigned car '/
unsigned car asciiJlutb R 012(/58!)BC%$- 'oidmainQ
P0 R 0900
P1 R 09--
P2 R 0900
/
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initJlcdadcJinitlcdJcomm0980lcdJmsg)%CRwile1
QadcJread
S
S
'oid adcJinit
Q
wr R 1rd R 1
intr R 1 S 'oid adcJread
Q
unsigned car' wr R 0
wr R 1wileintr RR 1rd R 0
' R P1Con'erter'intr R 0
S
'oid Con'erterunsigned car '/
Q
::;;;Con'erter to analog input 'oltagefloat gunsigned int dt
g R '/ V5:255 d R g R g ; d
t R V 100 lcdJcomm0985
lcdJdatadD09(0
lcdJdata].]
lcdJdatat:1010D09(0
lcdJdatat10D09(0
lcdJdata]]lcdJcomm09C0
lcdJmsg%R
lcdJdata'/:10010D09(0lcdJdata'/:1010D09(0lcdJdata'/10D09(0lcdJcomm09ClcdJmsg
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'oid initJlcd
Q
lcdJcomm09(8
dela*10
lcdJcomm090$
dela*10lcdJcomm0901
dela*10
lcdJcomm090
dela*10
lcdJcomm0980
dela*10
S
'oid lcdJcommunsigned car 'alue1
Q
P0 R 'alue1rs R 0rw R 0en R 1dela*1en R 0
S
'oid lcdJdataunsigned car 'alue2
Q
P0 R 'alue2
rs R 1
rw R 0
en R 1dela*1 ::;;;;1ms dela*
en R 0
S
'oid lcdJmsgunsigned car Vc
Q
wileVc ER 0
Q
lcdJdataVcc
S
S
'oid dela*unsigned int ms
Q
unsigned int i7foriR0iFRmsifor7R07FR1207
S
Res"-ts+
Te following result appeared on #C%in accordance wit te analog data gi'en to
)%C080/ = %R051
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Re*ie ;"estions+
1
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