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EMEP Monitoring Strategy
EMEP Monitoring Strategy
Status and challenges, with main focus on the EECCA region
Wenche Aas and Kjetil TørsethEMEP/CCC (NILU)
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
The EMEP vision;
To be the main science based and policy-driven instrument for international cooperation in atmospheric monitoring and modelling activities, emission inventories and projections, and integrated assessment to help solve transboundary air pollution problems in Europe
Artic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Slovenia
Hungary
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Finland
Sweden
Georgia
Norway
Belarus
Czech Rep. Ukraine
Denmark
Moldova
Germany
Yugoslavia
Austria
Bulgaria
Liechtenstein
Turkey
Italy
Monaco
Cyprus
Switzerland
Malta
Netherlands
Greece
Belgium
F.Y.R.ofMacedonia
Luxembourg
Albania
France
Bosnia andHerzegovina
Spain
Croatia
Portugal
IrelandUnited Kingdom
Romania
Russian Federation
Iceland
Kara SeaBarents Sea
North Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea Caspian Sea
Aral Sea
Canada
of America
Kyrgyzstan
Kazakhstan
AzerbaijanArmenia
Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan Tajikistan
EMEP Topics
•Acidification and Eutrophication
•Photochemical oxidants
•Heavy metals
•Persistent Organic Pollutants
•Particulate matter
UN-ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (50 Parties) - 8 Specific protocols, where the first is
European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) (41 Parties)
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
Monitoring Strategy 2004-2009Monitoring Strategy 2004-2009 Adopted in december 2004
Three levels approach
Level 1 Basic (1.st priority for new Parties)
Level 2 Supersites (added to level 1 sites)
Level 3 Research driven supersites
Parties responsibility to implement the
Strategy
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
Monitoring programme:Level 1•Main ions in precipitation and in air •heavy metals in precipitations•ozone •PM10 and PM2.5 mass •meteorology
at ca 125 sites
Level 2, supersite (joint EMEP/GAW)• POPs• Heavy metals in air and aerosols• VOC• EC/OC, OC speciation• Mineral Dust• PM speciation incl. gas particle ratio
+ all level 1 activities
15-20 sitesBoth levels are mandatory by all Parties
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
Programme Parameters Minimum time resolution
Level-3 sites (monitoring at these sites do not require all level-1 and level-2 parameters) Dry deposition flux of Nand S SO2, NH3, HNO3 (SO4
--, NH4+, NO3
-) Hourly/Daily Dry deposition flux of O3
O3 Hourly/Daily
Hydrocarbons C6-C12 Hourly/Daily NOy chemistry NO, NO2, PAN, organic nitrates Hourly/Daily
OC speciation Both water soluble and water insoluble OC
Hourly/Daily
“Black carbon” BC Hourly/Daily Size/number distribution dN/dlogDp Hourly/Daily Light scattering Aerosol optical depth Hourly/Daily Vertical profiles O3 soundings, PM lidar, Hourly/Daily Mercury speciation TGM, RGM and TPM Daily/Weekly Congener-specific POPs PCBs, PAHs, PCDDs and PCDFs Daily/Weekly Multi-compartment (air, soil, water)
POPs and Hg Daily/Weekly
Monitoring programme, Level 3Monitoring programme, Level 3
Optical properties Scattering and absorption coefficients
Research driven and voluntary,
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
Positive consequencesPositive consequences Many countries have initiated national revision plans, the
general impression is that most Parties intend to comply with requirements.
The strategy is used as an important instrument towards the funding authorities. CCC may assist when needed.
Generally large interest from research groups to get involved in EMEP measurements.
A better link between the traditional monitoring community and the research groups has been established
Particulate matter observations are in very good progress
Support to establish EMEP level 1 sites in some EECCA countries
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
ChallengesChallengesLevel 1 Some Parties have given little response. Probably due
to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe
Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement programme of level 1
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
New EMEP sites in the EECCA regionNew EMEP sites in the EECCA region
MD: Leovo
UA: Danube delta
KZ: Borovoye
GE: Abastumani
AR: In process
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
New sites that will be establish: New sites that will be establish:
Georgia: Abastumani
Moldova: Leovo Kazakhstan: Borovoye
Support from:CAPACT http://www.unece.org/ie/capact
Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
CAPACT project (2004 –2007):CAPACT project (2004 –2007):
“Capacity Building for Air Quality Management and the Application of clean Coal Combustion Technologies in Central Asia”
http://www.unece.org/ie/capact/
Objective
The project will address the technological gaps and raise awareness of air quality management within the institutions in Central Asia. (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)
Improved policies for air quality management (emission, monitoring, reporting etc).
Investments in technologies for cleaner combustion of coal.
Improved national energy policies.
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
ChallengesChallengesLevel 1 Some Parties have given little response. Probably due
to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe
Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement program of level 1
Level 2 POPs and Hg monitoring receives little attention Photooxidats receives little attention (but EU directive
addressing PAHs offers assistance) Full chemical speciation of particles is difficult. It’s
costly and there are problems to harmonise methodology (i.e for EC/OC)
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
~ 70 samples(NILU 2006)~30 samples
(NMR 2007-2008)
~2*50 samples (NFR 2006-2008)
~ 50 samples(INTAS 06-08)?
Interlinked POP passive sampling campaigns have been initiated to improve the poor spatial coverage at present:GAPS study
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
Intensive PM level 2 measurementsIntensive PM level 2 measurementsJune 2006 and January 2007
Chemical speciation
Size/nr distribution
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
New EU projects that will support the EMEP programme:New EU projects that will support the EMEP programme:
http://www.neu.ceh.ac.uk/
http://www.eusaar.net/
EUCAARI
GEOMON GGlobal lobal EEarth arth OObservation and bservation and MonMonitoringitoring
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
Comments to the Report of the monitoring networks in the EECCA region: Measurement programme
Only RU and BY that measure in rural areas. But it is not complete level 1 measurements at any sites. UA, MD,GE and KZ will measure in the near future.
Quality assurance and standardized methods At present most countries follow the methods recommended by
old Russian standards. But the EMEP manual is now translated to Russian, and the new sites will implement the methods recommended here.
Several Participants at EMEP and GAW training courses
Data reporting Very little data reported to international bodies (EMEP, GAW,
EANET). At present it is only RU and BY that report data to EMEP
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
Expectations, EECCA countries Expectations, EECCA countries
A very important region High emissions Strategic area for hemispheric transport issues Little monitoring today
Expected that most countries will sign the EMEP protocol soon.
Need to establish EMEP level 1 sites in each country. Support can be found, i.e from foreign aid money, EU, UNECE. Training and capacity building is necessary.
Beeing part of an international monitoring programme, as on transboundary air pollution, will in addition, give competence and awarness on other envirionmental issues
Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006
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