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B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E
Energy – efficient refrigeration
Household Refrigerating Appliances
IEC 62552-1,-2,-3 Edition 1
5th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10th to 11th June 2013
Universität Bonn
June 10th 2013
Friedrich Arnold
Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte
GmbH
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 2
Household Refrigerating Appliances - Characteristics and Test Methods
Performance standards currently used
Energy Labels
Revision of the EN 62552 (Europe)
New global performance standard (IEC 62552-1,-2,-3)
▪ History
▪ Shortcomings of the current standard
▪ Most important modifications within the new standard
▪ Part 1 General requirements
▪ Part 2 Performance requirements
▪ Part 3 Energy consumption and volume
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 3
Performance Standards, Current situation
Europe EN ISO 15502 / IEC 62552
USA ANSI/AHAM HRF 1-2007
Japan JIS C9801: 2006
Australia / New Zealand AS/NZS 4474
Different test conditions
- Ambient temperature
- Compartment temperatures
- Load
- Door openings
Different energy consumption values (Labels are not comparable)
Different energy efficiency schemes
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 4
Europe
Turkey
USA Australia China
Japan South Korea
Energy labels
Europe new
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 5
EU Energy- Label (introduction 1995)
EEI Thresholds
A+++ < 22 %
A++ < 30 %
A+ < 42 % 1.7.2014 EEI < 42
A < 55 % 1.7.2010 EEI < 55
B < 75 %
C < 90 %
D < 100 % 1999 EEI < 100
E < 110 %
F < 125 %
G > 125 %
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 6
New global performance standard – History (1)
According the introduction of different appliance types several standards were defined
ISO 7371 Household refrigerating appliances
(Refrigerators with/without low-temperature compartment)
ISO 5155 Household refrigerating appliances
(Frozen food storage cabinets and food freezer)
ISO 8187 Household refrigerating appliances
(Refrigerator – freezers)
ISO 8561 Household frost-free refrigerating appliances
(Refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, frozen food storage
cabinets and food freezers cooled by internal forced air circulation)
These standards were used in Europe as EN ISO xxxx standards
ISO 15502 was available in 2005 (summarization and revision of these 4 standards)
EN ISO 15502 currently used for EU Energy Label and Eco Design Regulation
Responsibility for household refrigerating appliances changed from ISO (ISO15502) to IEC (IEC62552)
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 7
New global performance standard – History (2)
Basic idea was to develop one performance standard for household cooling
appliances which will be used worldwide for energy efficiency classes (label) and
minimum efficiency performance limits
Within IEC TC59M a working group was established
Delegates from Germany, Italy, UK, The Netherlands, USA, Japan, Australia, New
Zealand, Brazil, China and other countries joined this working group
All appliance types currently on the market were analysed and tested to define a
robust procedure for the determination of the energy consumption
The draft of the new global standard was finished in March 2013
In May 2013 start of CDV is planned
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 8
Shortcomings of the current standard
▪ A relatively large uncertainty is present in the energy consumption test (Cold appliance European Ring Test, report TNO-MEP R2001/108)
▪ The energy consumption is measured at a single ambient temperature (25°C) (Significant differences between products at other temperatures are not taken into consideration)
▪ The fresh food target temperature is relatively high (5°C)
▪ Circumvention is relatively easily possible and not prevented by the standard
▪ Volume measurements are sensitive to interpretation differences
▪ The storage temperature tests are very lengthy
▪ The test procedures are not suited for frost-free appliances with variable
defrosting algorithms
▪ The freezing capacity determination is complicated and can take an
extreme amount of time
▪ No performance test defined for the cooling capacity of refrigerators
▪ Testing costs are relatively high
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 9
New global performance standard – modifications (1)
Complete rewrite of the current standard IEC 62552
Correction or elimination of numerous weak or ambiguous points
Many additions and changes over time and new features in the appliances are taken into
consideration
Modification energy consumption testing
Appliance is tested in empty condition (currently loaded with packages)
- Already current praxis in other standards (e.g. in USA, Australia/New Zealand)
- Various experiments have shown a reasonable agreement between loaded an unloaded tests
- As a result a significant reduction of the uncertainty in the test results is expected
- Test time will be shortened since the thermal capacity of the frozen food compartment is
very much reduced
- The thermal capacity itself has only a minor impact to the energy consumption
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 10
New global performance standard – modifications (2)
Modification to energy consumption testing
Tests are to be performed at two ambient temperatures (16°C and 32°C instead of 25°C only)
- Circumvention is significantly more difficult
- It will automatically lead to a better ranking of products which control their compartments
well at all ambient temperatures
- The rated energy consumption will be calculated by a combination of that 16°C and 32°C
- The weighting factor between these two results is not defined in the standard and can
be different depending on the region
The fresh food compartment temperature is reduced to 4°C
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 11
New global performance standard – modifications (3)
Modification to energy consumption testing
A new adaptive test algorithm is introduced
- This adaptive test algorithm defines the time needed for a stable and reproducible test
- Algorithm achieves very short test times for regular behaving products
- Test time for appliances with irregular control behaviour will be automatically increased
- Algorithm is also applicable to frost-free appliances. Incremental energy resulting from
a defrost is separately measured and added to the stationary result
- This new procedure will reduce the uncertainty and the costs of the tests
Modification of the temperature performance testing
Storage temperature tests are still performed with packages
- Warmest package must meet the -18°C criterion at all ambient temperatures rated
- Load scheme is drastically simplified. Only 0.5 kg packages used
- Reproducibility problems between test labs concerning interpretation issues are reduced
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 12
New global performance standard – modifications (4)
Modification of the temperature performance testing
New cooling capacity performance test is introduced for fresh food compartments
- Addresses a general consumer concern that efficient appliances could not have the
cooling capacity to refrigerate a reasonable load within a certain time
The freezing capacity test has been converted to a freezing time test
- Time needed to freeze a predefined load is registered
- The typical trial and error process is eliminated
- The new test time algorithm reduces the time required for a storage temperature test to
typically two or three days (current standard requires several more days)
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 13
New global performance standard – modifications (5)
Other relevant modifications
Volumes measurement will be based what we call the “cooled volume”
- Net volume of current standard is prone to interpretation differences
- Fundamental problem is that net or usable volume is very difficult to define
Appliance can be used with various configurations
- Simplification in volume determination will lead to a reduced uncertainty in the
measurement and les reproducibility issues between test labs
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 14
New global performance standard – structure
IEC 62552-1,-2,-3
Part 1: General requirements
Scope, definitions, instrumentation, test room and set up
Part 2: Performance requirements
Performance tests and requirements
Part 3: Energy consumption and volume
Energy consumption and volume determination
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 15
Part 1: General Requirements
Definitions and general aspects
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
4 Classification
5 Marking
6 Technical and commercial product information
7 Instructions (informative)
Annex A (normative) Test room and instrumentation
Annex B (normative) Preparation of an appliance for testing and general measurement procedures
Annex C (normative) Test packages
Annex D (normative) Determination of compartment average air temperature
Annex E (normative) Details of identification symbols
Annex F (normative) Items to be included in the test report
Annex G (normative) Wine Storage Appliances
8 Bibliography
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 16
Part 1: New / changed modifications
Pantry compartment 14°C – 20°C, 17°C
Zero star compartment ≤ 0°C, 0°C
Wine storage compartment 5°C – 20°C, 12°C
Only one test package size used, 500g (50x100x100mm)
Location of temperature sensors
▪ Storage test: with / without packages
location of M-packages predefined
▪ Energy test: without packages
number and location of sensors is predefined for all compartments
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 17
Part 1: Symbols
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 18
Part 1: Operating cycle definitions
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 19
Part 1: Location of temperature sensors (example)
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 20
Part 2: Location of freezer test packages, including M packages
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 21
Part 1: Standard bottle, wine storage appliances
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 22
Part 1: Temperature measurement points, wine storage appliances
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Part 2: Performance Requirements
1 Scope
2 Performance requirements and tests covered in this part
3 General test conditions
4 Storage test
5 Cooling capacity test - new
6 Freezing capacity test
7 Automatic ice-making capacity test
Annex A (normative) Pull-down test - new
Annex B (normative) Wine storage appliances and compartments; Storage test
Annex C (normative) Temperature rise test
Annex D (normative) Water vapour condensation test
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 24
Part 2: New / changed modifications
Loading requirements are simplified
New analysis procedure for determination of stable operating conditions and
energy consumption
-> independent from the operator,
-> exactly described for the various tests and test condition
-> tool (Excel file) will be available to determine stable operation conditions
-> optimization of test time (tested for all existing appliance types)
Freezing capacity
-> predefined mass (criteria 3,5 kg/100 l), load to be cooled from 25°C to -18°C
-> the specific freezing capacity in [kg/12 h] will be calculated
Cooling capacity
-> predefined mass (criteria 4,5 kg/100 l), load to be cooled from 25°C to 10°C
Pull down
-> determine the time taken to meet pull-down temperatures for all compartments
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 25
Part 2: Compartment temperatures, storage test
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Part 2: Test and M packages, cooling capacity test
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 27
Part 2: Pull-down temperatures
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 28
Part 3: Energy consumption and volume (1)
Definitions and general aspects
1 Scope
2 Definitions
3 Appliance test steps for determination of energy and volume
4 Target temperatures for energy determination
5 Determination of energy consumption
6 circumvention
7 Uncertainty of measurement
8 Test report
Annex A (normative) Set up for energy testing
Annex B (normative) Determination of stable power and temperature
Annex C (normative) Defrost and recovery energy and temperature change
Annex D (normative) Defrost interval
Annex E (normative) Interpolation of results
Annex F (normative) Energy consumption of specified auxiliaries
Annex G (normative) Determination of load processing energy efficiency
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 29
Part 3: Energy consumption and Volume (2)
Annex H (normative) Determination of volume
Annex I (informative) Worked examples of energy consumption calculations
Annex J (informative) Development of the IEC global test method for refrigerating appliances
Annex K (normative) Analysis of an refrigerating appliance without steady state between defrosts
Annex L (informative) Verification issues and application of this standard for regulatory purposes
Annex M (informative) Derivation of ambient temperature correction formula
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 30
Part 3: Energy consumption – most important modifications
Ambient temperatures 16°C and 32°C (currently 25°C only)
Freezer compartment
-> Unloaded
-> At least 5 temperature measuring points are placed inside the freezer compartment
-> Position of the temperature measuring points are predefined
-> Average compartment temperature has to be considered
Target temperatures for the different compartment types
Pantry 17 °C new zero star 0 °C new
Wine storage 12 °C new 1 star - 6 °C
Cellar 12 °C 2 star - 12 °C
Fresh food 4 °C (5°C) 3 and 4 star - 18 °C
Chill 2 °C (3°C)
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 31
Part 3: Energy consumption – determination of stable temperature
Case SS1: No defrost control cycle or where stability is established for a period between defrosts
Determination of the
temperature slope and
temperature spread:
Comparison of 3 successive
blocks, covering at least
5 temperature control
cycles.
Acceptance criteria
-Total test period ≥ 6 h
- Spread of temperature < 0.25K
- Slope of temperature < 0.025K/h
- Spread of power
total test period < 12h => < 1%
total test period 12 to 36h => f(time)
total test period > 36h => < 3%
- Slope of power < 0.25 %/h
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 32
Part 3: Energy consumption – determination of stable power
Case SS1: No defrost control cycle or where stability is established for a period between defrosts
Determination of the
power slope and
power spread:
Comparison of 3 successive
blocks, covering at least
5 temperature control
cycles.
Acceptance criteria
-Total test period ≥ 6 h
- Spread of temperature < 0.25K
- Slope of temperature < 0.025K/h
- Spread of power
total test period < 12h => < 1%
total test period 12 to 36h => f(time)
total test period > 36h => < 3%
- Slope of power < 0.25 %/h
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 33
Part 3: Determination of defrost and recovery energy and temperature change
Blocks D and F need to be compared
and have to fulfil the steady state criteria
Acceptance criteria
- D and F ≥ 3 temperature control cycles
- D and F ≥ 3 h length
- Spread of temperature < 0.5K
- Spread of power < 2% or 1 W
- additional requirements ...
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 34
Part 3: Energy consumption
Evaluation of the energy consumption
Energy consumption =
Steady state energy consumption + defrost and recovery energy consumption
Measuring methods are specified as well for:
- specified auxiliaries
- processing efficiency
specified mass of water have to be cooled to a steady state condition
Total energy consumption
E total = f { E annual 16°C, E annual 32°C }
f is a regional factor evaluating the annual energy at 16°C and 32°C. This factor is not
defined by the standard and may vary by region (in connection with the regional energy label)
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 35
Part 3: Energy consumption, refrigerator with a defrost control cycle
if stability can not be established using case SS1
Acceptance criteria for X
and Y:
▪ ≥ 4 temperature control
cycles (same number)
▪ ≥ 4 h in length
▪ ratio of length 0.8 to 1.25
▪ spread of temperature for
< 0.5K (per compartment)
▪ spread of power < 2% or
1 W
▪ initial defrost and recovery
period is valid acc. AnnexC
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 36
Part 3: Energy consumption
Required test time
Due to the fact, that freezer compartments will be tested unloaded, the test time for
fridge- freezers and freezers will be significantly shorter (adjustment of temperatures).
Whereas the test time for simple fridges especially high efficient appliances, will be longer,
mainly due to the strict requirements for the determination of steady state conditions.
The test time will range between about 10 and 40 hours, according the complexity and
efficiency of the appliance.
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 37
Part 3: Determination of volume
The volume determination is compared to the current procedure simplified.
New principle: The cooled volume will be considered
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 38
Part 3: Circumvention
B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10° to 11° June 2013, Folie: 39
Influence of the New Standard to Energy Labels and Energy Efficiency Limits
Since the test procedure and test conditions for the determination of the energy consumption
are quite different compared to the currently used standards the values for energy
consumption will be different for all existing energy labels
All energy label systems need to be adjusted to the new test procedure
All energy efficiency limits must be adjusted to the new test procedure
China distributed already a draft for the their new energy label which includes the maost
important definitions of the new standard (freezer unloaded, 16°C and 32°C ambient
temperature, etc.)
Australia announced via an official paper that it is planned to use the new standard in line with
the revision of their energy label in 2015
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List of references
Drafts and standards:
59M/33/CD: IEC 62552-1 Ed.1, Household refrigerating appliances - Characteristics and test methods - Part 1: General requirements
59M/45/CD: IEC 62552-2 Ed.1, Household refrigerating appliances - Characteristics and test methods - Part 2: Performance requirements
59M/46/CD: IEC 62552-3 Ed.1, Household refrigerating appliances - Characteristics and test methods - Part 3: Energy consumption
and volume
IEC 62552, Edition 1.0, 2007-12
CECED / Brussels and test institut Re/Gent ,Helmond, The Netherlands
Re/gent Note: 12320 / CE10 / V2, 21/11/2012
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