Enlightenment & Exploration I.Intro II.Enlightenment A.Philosophes 1.Common Beliefs 2.Science...

Enlightenment & ExplorationI. IntroII. Enlightenment

A. Philosophes1. Common

Beliefs2. Science3. Government

III. Age of DiscoveryA. SpainB. FranceC. England

IV. Conc.

Key Terms• Immanuel Kant• Isaac Newton• John Locke• Compact Theory• Spirit of the Laws• Montesquieu• Deism• Cortéz• Ponce de León• de La Salle• Jamestown• John Smith• French/Indian War

Enlightenment

• German Philosopher• He “defined” the

Enlightenment

Immanuel Kant(1724-1804)

Common Beliefs

1. Question EVERYTHING & apply rational/ scientific thought to the world

2. Deism

Deism(Religious Philosophy)

• Saw God as a “divine watchmaker” who created the universe but then never interfered on earth again

• Supported religious toleration & freedom

• Both Jefferson & Franklin were influenced by Deism

Science

• “Discovered” the law of gravity.

• Explained how the Universe was organized by using rational laws.

Isaac Newton

(1642-1727)

GovernmentCompact Theory

1. All have natural rights of life, liberty & property.

2. To protect rights, people establish a government with limited powers.

3. The people have the right to revolt if the government oversteps its powers.

John Locke

(1632-1704)

Government

• Goal: Protect people’s liberty from the government

• How: “Power should be a check to power…”

Montesquieu Montesquieu (1689-1755)(1689-1755)

Separation of Powers/Checks & Balances

Legislative Branch

Executive Branch

Judicial Branch

Separation of Powers/ US Constitution

Legislative Branch Executive Branch

Judicial Branch

Spanish ExplorerChristopher Columbus

(1451-1506)

“Discovered” America

Hernando Cortés

• Found wealth at Aztec city of Tenochtitlán.

• Successfully conquered Aztecs.

(1485-1547)(1485-1547)

• Led 500 soldiers who landed at Vera Cruz, Mexico in 1519.

Another Spanish Explorer

Ponce de León

(1450-1521)

Explored Florida; others established St. Augustine (first European settlement in the US).

French Explorer

Explored & established posts along the Mississippi. He named the region that he explored...

In honor of his king (Louis XIV)

LOUISIANA

Robert Cavalier Sieur (Lord) De La Salle

(1643-1687)

French Explorer

• A fur trader/explorer.

• Founded Fort Detroit (1701) which eventually flourished as a fur trading post.

Antoine Cadillac(1658-1730)

English Settlements

Jamestown, VA

(1607)

The first “successful” permanent English settlement in North America

Jamestown’s Troubles

May 1607 144 Settlers

January 1608 38 left alive

John SmithDecember 1608 200 Settlers

June 1609 188 left alive

December 1609 500 Settlers

Smith Leaves

May 1610 100 Settlers

Economic Boom

Tobacco Plant

Tobacco Dominates Economy & Life

Smokers in England

Cultivating Tobacco

Population of North America in 1750

French 50,000

English 1,200,000

Years Of Warfare

• King William’s War (1689-1697)

• Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713)

• King George’s War (1744-1748)

• French/Indian War (1754-1763)

Destruction of Lower Town, Quebec, by English Bombardment

by Richard Short, 1759 Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

French/Indian War(1754-1763)

• French & Indian Allies vs. British & Indian Allies• French & British fought for control of North

America.

• Eventually, France was defeated & was kicked out of North America.

North America after the French/Indian War

France lost its overseas empire.

Enlightenment & ExplorationI. IntroII. Enlightenment

A. Philosophes1. Common

Beliefs2. Science3. Government

III. Age of DiscoveryA. SpainB. FranceC. England

IV. Conc.

Key Terms• Immanuel Kant• Isaac Newton• John Locke• Compact Theory• Spirit of the Laws• Montesquieu• Deism• Cortéz• Ponce de León• de La Salle• Jamestown• John Smith• French/Indian War