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Entity Relationships for the Bibliographic Universe
Jacquie Samples
September 7,2010
FRBR
FRBRFunctional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
Conceptual model Not a set of rules Uses an entity relationship model, rather than
descriptive analysis, without a structural model Abstraction of how we can think about
bibliographic records to facilitate relationships between data elements and between data and users
Outlined in a 1998 report from the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)
FRBR Working for the User
“FRBR is a user-centered model, explicitly relating its organization of entities and attributes to the users tasks identified by the 1998 IFLA modification to the Paris Principles (find, identify, select, and obtain).
From: Antelman, K. (Oct. 2004). Identifying a Serial Works as a Bibliographic Entity. Library Resources & Technical Services, 48(4), 238.
FRBR User TasksFind
to locate either a single entity or a set of entities as the result of a search using an attribute or relationship of the entity
Identifyto confirm that the entity described corresponds to the entity sought, or to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics
Selectto choose an entity that meets the user's requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc., or to reject an entity as being inappropriate to the user's needs
Obtainto acquire an entity through purchase, loan, etc., or to access an entity electronically through an online connection
FRBR - Modeling the Bibliographic Universe
Utilizes an entity-relationship framework: Entities (a class of things)Relationships (associations among entities)Attributes (characteristics of the entities)
Group 1 Entities – Works, Expressions, Manifestations and Items
Group 2 Entities – Persons, Corporate Bodies, Families
Group 3 Entities – Subjects
Childress, Eric, CO-ASIS&T Program, Columbus, OH. 21 July 2005. What’s FRBR?
Entity Relationships and FRBRThe first stage of information system
design uses these models during the requirements analysis to describe information needs or the type of information that is to be stored.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity-relationship_model
Artistperforms
Song
NameTitle
was performed byhas has
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
one
many
Physical – Recording of Content
Intellectual/Artistic Content
Group1 Entities
Childress, Eric, CO-ASIS&T Program, Columbus, OH. 21 July 2005. What’s FRBR?
The Work in FRBR
“A work is an abstract entity; there is no single material object one can point to as the work. We recognize the work through individual realizations or expressions of the work, but the work itself exists only in the commonality of content between and among the various expressions of the work”
FRBR p. 17. http://archive.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr_2008.pdf
9
Vocabulary
“Book”
–Door prop(item)
–“publication” at bookstore any copy
(manifestation)Tillet, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 2009. FRBR: Things You Should Know,
But Were Afraid To Ask
10
Vocabulary
“Book”
–Who translated?(expression)
–Who wrote?(work)
Tillet, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 2009. FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask
What is a “book”?
• Item• Manifestatio
n
• Expression
• Work
I have lost my book.
We should order that book.
I'd like to read that book in French.
That movie is based on my favourite book.
Riva, Pat. CLA 2010 Conference, Edmonton, Alberta. 2 June 2010. IFLA’s Conceptual Models and RDA
12
Examples1. Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books
Collection?
2. Digitized version of the Oxford University Press text published in 2008?
3. French translation?
4. London Symphony Orchestra 2005 performance?
5. Hamlet?
Item
Manifestation
Expression
Expression
Work
Tillet, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 23009. FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask
More Examples of Group 1 Entities
Harry Potter Example http://www.frbr.org/eg/hp-goblet-1.html#
Hitchen, Alison, and Ellen Symons. "Preparing Catalogers for RDA Training." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 47 (2009): 691-707.
Relationships
http://www.loc.gov/cds/downloads/FRBR.PDF
Group 2 Entities
Persons and corporate bodies, responsible for the custodianship of Group 1’s intellectual or artistic endeavor.
source: IFLA, http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr_current3.htm
16
Group 2 Entities
Literary ExpressionSongs of Innocence and Experience
PersonBlake, William, 1757-1827
Created byCreates
Artistic ExpressionSongs of Innocence and Experience
Cre
ate
d
by Cre
at
es
FRADFunctional Requirements for Authority DataUser tasks
Find: Find an entity or set of entities corresponding to stated criteria
Identify: Identify an entity
Clarify (Justify): Document the authority record creator’s reason for choosing the name or form of name on which an access point is based.
Contextualize (Understand): Place a person, corporate body, work, etc. in context Example: WorldCat Identities: http://worldcat.org/identities/
Group 3 Entities
Subjects of Group 1 or Group 2’s intellectual endeavor, and include:
conceptsobjectseventsplaces
source: IFLA, http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr_current3.htm
20
Group 3 Entities
WorkSongs of Innocence and Experience
PersonBlake, William, 1757-1827
Created byCreates
Concept/Topic
WorkApproaches to Teaching Blake
PersonGleckner, Robert F.
Is Is
Ab
ou
t
Is Subject
of
Has Subject
FRBR/FRAD User tasks in RDA Bibliographic Data Authority Data
FindIdentifySelectObtain
Find IdentifyClarify (Justify)Understand
(Contextualize)
Why FRBR?Why do you need to understand this?
RDA is based on this conceptual modelRDA uses these terms and languageTo make the catalog work best for patrons
If you don’t understand this,It will be difficult to navigate the RDA textIt will harder to use cataloger’s judgment in contextYou won’t form 77X fields correctlyTo use RDA, you have to understand these
concepts and terms, because we can’t cover everything in training (unless you want training to last the rest of your lives)
23
Why Do Libraries Need FRBR?Improve the user experience in locating
informationGuide systems designs for the futureGuide rule makers
Cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries
Position information providers to better operate in the Internet environment and beyond
Tillet, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 2009. FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask
CreditsMany of these slides are based on those
developed by Erin Stalberg for a course developed for UNC-CH SILS: INLS 721, Organization of Materials II
BibliographyAntelman, K. (Oct. 2004). Identifying a Serial Works as a
Bibliographic Entity. Library Resources & Technical Services, 48(4), 238.
Childress, Eric, CO-ASIS&T Program, Columbus, OH. 21 July 2005. What’s FRBR?
Riva, Pat. CLA 2010 Conference, Edmonton, Alberta. 2 June 2010. IFLA’s Conceptual Models and RDA
Tillet, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 2009. FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask
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