View
7
Download
5
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
© 2
004
Cop
yrig
ht b
y ko
rea
pow
er e
ngin
eerin
g co
mpa
ny, I
nc.
www.kepco-enc.com
화재발생빈도 분석 비교 (신규 화재 PSA 방법론 중심)
한국전력기술㈜ 종합안전성평가연구그룹
김 성 현 (chiz@kepco-enc.com)
2013.10. 17
2
차 례
1. 화재 PSA 개요
2. 화재발생빈도 분석 방법론 비교
3. 점화원별 화재발생빈도 비교
4. 구역별 화재발생빈도 비교
5. 결론
3
1. 화재 PSA 개요
4
화재 PSA 개요
분석 목적
화재사건에 의한 노심손상빈도(CDF) 계산
화재와 관련된 설계 취약점 파악
화재관련 발전소 리스크 감소를 위한 안전성 향상 방안 제시
방법론
EPRI TR-105928(1995.12)
• Fire PRA Implementation Guide
NUREG/CR-6850(2005.8)
• Fire PRA Methodology for Nuclear Power Facilities
• 10CFR50.48(C) 에 따른 NFPA 805 구현 및 PSA 응용 분야 활용
5
기존 화재 PSA 수행 흐름도
정성 선별 기준 만족 ?
-기기 존재 유무
- 점화원 유무
- 전파 경로 유무
화재 구역 특성 파악
선별
제거
화재 발생빈도 계산
화재 전파 확률 계산
구역 상세 분석
발생빈도 > 1.0E-7/yr ?
정량화 모델 개발
화재 기인 초기사건 선정
구역 CDF > 1.0E-7/yr ?
선별
제거
Yes
Yes
No
No
정량화
선별
제거
No
Yes
FPRIAG 수행 흐름
6
신규 화재 PSA 수행 흐름도
NUREG/CR-6850 수행 흐름
지원 항목 A:
발전소 현장답사
항목 1:
발전소 경계 정의
및 분할
항목 3:
케이블 선정
항목 4:
정성적 선별분석
항목 6:
화재 발생 빈도
항목 7A:
정량적 선별분석( I )
항목 8:
예비화재거동분석
항목 7B:
정량적 선별분석(II )
항목 2:
화재 대상 기선정
항목 5:
화재기인 리스크
모델
항목 12:
사고후 화재
HRA( 선별분석 )
지원 항목 B:
화재 PSA DB
추가 항목
주요 변경 항목
보완 항목
항목 13:
지진-화재 상호
연관성 평가
항목 14:
화재 리스크 정량화
항목 15:
불확실성 및 민감도
분석
항목 16:
화재 PSA 문서화
항목 12B:
사고후 화재
HRA
상세 화재
시나리오 분석
항목 9:
상세 회로고장분석
항목 10:
회로 고장모드 분석
및 확률추정 분석
항목 11:
상세 화재거동 분석
A. 단일 격실
B. 다중 격실
C. 주제어실
7
2. 화재발생빈도 분석방법론 비교
8
EPRI TR-105928
EPRI TR-105928
Fire PRA Implementation Guide(1995) :FPRAIG
• 현재 까지 모든 국내 화재 PSA 수행의 기본 방법론
Fire Event Data Base
- NASC-178L(1993) : “Fire Event Database for U.S Nuclear
Power Plants”
- Records Set: 753
- Data collection Periods : 1965. 2 ~1988. 12/31
화재발생빈도
• 42개의 Bin 으로 구분
• Location 중심의 기기 구분
– 특히 전기캐비닛/펌프 등의 화재발생빈도를 건물별로 구분
• Transient : Cigarette smoking/ Extention cord/ Heater/ Candle/
Over Heating/Hot pipe => “Zero(0)” 빈도 가능
9
EPRI TR-105928
Bin Plant Location Fire Ignition Source Fire Frequency
Bin01 Auxiliary Building(PWR) Electrical cabinets 1.90E-02
Bin02 Auxiliary Building(PWR) Pumps 1.90E-02
Bin03 Reactor Building Electrical cabinets 5.00E-02
Bin04 Reactor Building Pumps 2.50E-02
Bin05 Diesel Generator Room Diesel generators 2.60E-02
Bin06 Diesel Generator Room Electrical cabinets 2.40E-03
Bin07 Switchgear Room Electrical cabinets 1.50E-02
Bin08 Battery Room Batteries 3.20E-03
Bin09 Control Room Electrical cabinets 9.50E-03
Bin10 Cable Spreading Room Electrical cabinets 3.20E-03
Bin11 Intake Structure Electrical cabinets 2.40E-03
Bin12 Intake Structure Fire Pumps 4.00E-03
Bin13 Intake Structure Others 3.20E-03
Bin14 Turbine Building T/G Excitor 4.00E-03
Bin15 Turbine Building T/G Oil 1.30E-02
Bin16 Turbine Building T/G Hydrogen 5.50E-03
Bin17 Turbine Building Electrical cabinets 1.30E-02
Bin18 Turbine Building Other pumps 6.30E-03
Bin19 Turbine Building MF pumps 4.00E-03
Bin20 Turbine Building Boiler 1.60E-03
10
EPRI TR-105928
Bin Plant Location Fire Ignition Source Fire Frequency
Bin21 Radwaste Area Miscellaneous components 8.70E-03
Bin22 Transformer Yard Yard transformers(propagating to TB) 4.00E-03
Bin23 Transformer Yard Yard transformers(LOSP) 1.60E-03
Bin24 Transformer Yard Yard transformers(Others) 1.50E-02 Bin25 Plant-Wide Components Fire protection panels 2.40E-03
Bin26 Plant-Wide Components RPS MG sets 2.50E-03 Bin27 Plant-Wide Components Non-qualified cable run 6.30E-03
Bin28 Plant-Wide Components Junction box/splice-NQ cable 1.60E-03
Bin29 Plant-Wide Components Junction box-Qualified cable 1.60E-03
Bin30 Plant-Wide Components Transformers 7.90E-03 Bin31 Plant-Wide Components Battery Chargers 4.00E-03
Bin32 Plant-Wide Components Off-gas/H Recombiner (BWR) 8.60E-02
Bin33 Plant-Wide Components Hydrogen Tanks 3.20E-03 Bin34 Plant-Wide Components Misc. Hydrogen Fires 3.20E-03
Bin35 Plant-Wide Components Gas Turbines 3.10E-02 Bin36 Plant-Wide Components Air Compressors 4.70E-03
Bin37 Plant-Wide Components Ventilation Subsystems 9.50E-03 Bin38 Plant-Wide Components Elevator motors 6.30E-03
Bin39 Plant-Wide Components Dryers 8.70E-03
Bin40 Plant-Wide Components Transients 1.30E-03
Bin41 Plant-Wide Components Cable fires caused by Weldling 6.30E-03
Bin42 Plant-Wide Components Transient fires caused by W/C 3.10E-02
11
NUREG/CR-6850
NUREG/CR-6850
Fire PRA Methodology in Nuclear Power Facilities
(2005)
Fire Event Data Base
- EPRI TR-1003111(2001):Fire Event Database and Generic
Igniting Frequency Model for U.S Nuclear Power Plants
- Records Set: 1885
- Data collection Periods : 1968 ~ 2000. 12/31(32년 이상)
- Data Source
- Public Fire Records : 206 records
* Licensee Event Reports(NRC)
- Non-Public Fire Records : 1679 records
* Nuclear Energy Insurance Limited(NEIL)
* Institute of Nuclear Power Operation’s(INPO) 등
12
EPRI 1016735
EPRI 1016735
Fire PRA Methods Enhancements(2008)
:초기 Pilot Plants 결과 검토의견 반영
• 초기화재 진압설비 재평가
• 주급수 펌프로인한 대형 유류화재 재평가
• 화재발생빈도 재평가
– Bin 15 와 Bin 16 변경
» Bin15 : Electrical Cabinet
» Bin15.1: Electrical Cabinet - Non HEAF
» Bin15.1: Electrical Cabinet - HEAF
– Bin16: High Energy Arcing Faults
» Bin16.1: Bust Duct
» Bin16.2: Iso-Phase Ducts
13
EPRI 1016735
개정된 Bin 빈도
NUREG/CR-
6850 Bin 빈도
14
EPRI 1016735
Bin Ignition Source Plant_location Frequency
Bin01 Batteries Battery Room 3.26E-04 Bin02 Reactor Coolant Pump Containment (PWR) 2.35E-03 Bin03 Transients and Hotwork Containment (PWR) 2.34E-03 Bin04 Main control board Control Room 8.24E-04
Bin05 Cable fires caused by welding and cutting - Aux
Control/Aux/Reactor Building 1.25E-03
Bin06 Transient fires caused by welding and cutting -Aux
Control/Aux/Reactor Building 2.46E-06
Bin07 Transients (Aux Bldg) Control/Aux/Reactor Building 4.81E-03
Bin08 Diesel generators Diesel Generator Room 5.04E-03
Bin09 Air compressors Plant-Wide Components 4.65E-03
Bin10 Battery chargers Plant-Wide Components 1.18E-03
Bin11 Cable fires caused by welding and cutting - PW
Plant-Wide Components 9.43E-04
Bin12 Cable run Plant-Wide Components 1.32E-03
Bin13 Dryers Plant-Wide Components 4.20E-04
Bin14 Electric motors Plant-Wide Components 3.41E-03
Bin15.1 Electrical cabinets-Non HEAF Plant-Wide Components 2.36E-02
Bin15.2 Electrical cabinets-HEAF Plant-Wide Components 1.06E-03
Bin16.1 Bus Duct Plant-Wide Components 1.27E-03
Bin16.2 Iso-Phase Ducts Plant-Wide Components 8.24E-04
Bin17 Hydrogen tanks Plant-Wide Components 1.18E-03
Bin18 Junction box Plant-Wide Components 1.11E-03
Bin19 Miscellaneous hydrogen fires Plant-Wide Components 1.24E-03
15
EPRI 1016735
Bin Ignition Source Plant_location Frequency
Bin20 Off-gas/H2 Recombiner(BWR) Plant-Wide Components 8.83E-03
Bin21 Pumps Plant-Wide Components 1.42E-02
Bin22 RPS MG sets Plant-Wide Components 9.33E-04
Bin23 Transformers Plant-Wide Components 8.02E-03
Bin24 Transient fires caused by W/C – PW Plant-Wide Components 3.65E-03
Bin25 Transients (Plant Wide) Plant-Wide Components 8.28E-03
Bin26 Ventilation subsystems Plant-Wide Components 6.12E-03
Bin27 Yard Transformer-catastrophic Transformer Yard 1.62E-03
Bin28 Yard Transformer-noncatastrophic Transformer Yard 8.38E-03
Bin29 Yard transformers (others) Transformer Yard 1.89E-03
Bin30 Boiler Turbine Building 9.78E-04
Bin31 Cable fires caused by W/C- TB Turbine Building 4.50E-04
Bin32 Main Feedwater pumps Turbine Building 5.44E-03
Bin33 T/G excitor Turbine Building 2.10E-03 Bin34 T/G hydrogen Turbine Building 3.23E-03 Bin35 T/G oil Turbine Building 3.89E-03
Bin36 Transient fires caused by W/C- TB Turbine Building 7.55E-03
Bin37 Transients (T/B) Turbine Building 3.41E-03
16
EPRI 1019259
NUREG/CR-6850 Supplement 1(EPRI
1019259)
Fire Ignition Source 관련 FAQs
• Ignition Source Counting Guidance for Electrical Cabinets (FAQ 06-0016)
• Ignition Source Counting Guidance for High-Energy Arcing Faults (HEAFS) (FAQ 06-0017)
• Ignition Source Counting Guidance for Main Control Board (MCB) (FAQ 06-0018)
• Miscellaneous Fire Ignition Frequency Binning Issues (FAQ 07-0031)
• BUS Duct(Counting) Guidance High-Energy Arcing Faults(FAQ 07-0035)
17
3. 점화원별 화재발생빈도 비교
18
점화원별 화재발생빈도 비교
NUREG/CR-6850 FPRAIG
Bin Ignition Source Plant_location Frequency Bin Ignition Source Plant_location Frequency
Bin01 Batteries Battery Room 3.26E-04 Bin08 Battery Room Batteries 3.20E-03
Bin02 Reactor Coolant Pump
Containment (PWR) 2.35E-03 Bin04 Reactor Building Pumps 2.50E-02
Bin05 Cable fires caused by W/C – Aux
Control/Aux/Reactor Building
1.25E-03
Bin41 Plant-Wide Components
Cable fires caused by Welding
6.30E-03 Bin31 Cable fires caused by W/C – TB
Turbine Building 4.50E-04
Bin11 Cable fires caused by W/C – PW
Plant-Wide Components
9.43E-04
Bin06 Transient fires caused by W/C–Aux
Control/Aux/Reactor Building
2.46E-06
Bin42 Plant-Wide Components
Transient fires caused by W/C
3.10E-02 Bin36 Transient fires caused by W/C– TB
Turbine Building 7.55E-03
Bin24 Transient fires caused by W/C – PW
Plant-Wide Components
3.65E-03
Bin07 Transients (Aux Bldg)
Control/Aux/Reactor Building
4.81E-03
Bin40 Plant-Wide Components
Transients 1.30E-03 Bin37 Transients (T/B) Turbine Building 3.41E-03
Bin25 Transients (Plant Wide)
Plant-Wide Components
8.28E-03
Bin08 Diesel Generators Diesel Generator Room
5.04E-03 Bin5 Diesel Generator Room
Diesel Generators
2.60E-02
19
점화원별 화재발생빈도 비교
NUREG/CR-6850 FPRAIG
Bin Ignition Source Plant_location Frequency Bin Ignition Source Plant_location Frequency
Bin09 Air compressors Plant-Wide Components
4.65E-03 Bin36 Plant-Wide Components
Air Compressors 4.70E-03
Bin10 Battery chargers
Plant-Wide Components
1.18E-03 Bin31 Plant-Wide Components
Battery Chargers 4.00E-03
Bin12 Cable run Plant-Wide Components
1.32E-03 Bin27 Plant-Wide Components
NQ cable run 6.30E-03
Bin13 Dryers Plant-Wide Components
4.20E-04 Bin39 Plant-Wide Components
Dryers 8.70E-03
Bin14 Electric motors Plant-Wide Components
3.41E-03 Bin38 Plant-Wide Components
Elevator motors 6.30E-03
Bin17 Hydrogen tanks Plant-Wide Components
1.18E-03 Bin33 Plant-Wide Components
Hydrogen Tanks 3.20E-03
Bin18 Junction box Plant-Wide Components
1.11E-03 Bin28
Plant-Wide Components
Junction box/splice- N/Q cable
1.60E-03
Bin29 Plant-Wide Components
Junction box in Q Cable
1.60E-03
Bin19 Miscellaneous hydrogen fires
Plant-Wide Components
1.24E-03 Bin34 Plant-Wide Components
Misc. Hydrogen Fires 3.20E-03
Bin20 Off-gas/H2 Recombiner(BWR)
Plant-Wide Components
8.83E-03 Bin32 Plant-Wide Components
Off-gas/H Recombiner (BWR)
8.60E-02
Bin22 RPS MG sets Plant-Wide Components
9.33E-04 Bin26 Plant-Wide Components
RPS MG sets 2.50E-03
Bin23 Transformers Plant-Wide Components
8.02E-03 Bin30 Plant-Wide Components
Transformers 7.90E-03
20
점화원별 화재발생빈도 비교
NUREG/CR-6850 FPRAIG
Bin Ignition Source Plant_location Frequency Bin Ignition Source Plant_location Frequency
Bin15.1 Electrical Cabinets -Non HEAF
Plant-Wide Components
2.36E-02
Bin01 Auxiliary Building (PWR)
Electrical cabinets 1.90E-02
Bin03 Reactor Building Electrical cabinets 5.00E-02
Bin06 Diesel Generator Room
Electrical cabinets 2.40E-03
Bin07 Switchgear Room Electrical cabinets 1.50E-02
Bin10 Cable Spreading Room Electrical cabinets 3.20E-03
Bin11 Intake Structure Electrical cabinets 2.40E-03 Bin17 Turbine Building Electrical cabinets 1.30E-02
Bin25 Plant-Wide Components
Fire protection panels
2.40E-03
Bin21 Pumps Plant-Wide Components
1.42E-02 Bin2
Auxiliary Building (PWR)
Pumps 1.90E-02
Bin12 Intake Structure Fire Pumps 4.00E-03 Bin18 Turbine Building Other pumps 6.30E-03
Bin26 Ventilation subsystems
Plant-Wide Components
6.12E-03 Bin37 Plant-Wide Components
Ventilation Subsystems
9.50E-03
Bin33 T/G excitor Turbine Building
2.10E-03 Bin14 Turbine Building T/G Excitor 4.00E-03
Bin34 T/G hydrogen Turbine Building
3.23E-03 Bin16 Turbine Building T/G Hydrogen 5.50E-03
Bin35 T/G oil Turbine Building
3.89E-03 Bin15 Turbine Building T/G Oil 1.30E-02
21
점화원별 화재발생빈도 비교
NUREG/CR-6850 FPRAIG
Bin Ignition Source Plant_location Frequency Bin Ignition Source Plant_location Frequency
Bin27 Yard Transformer -catastrophic
Transformer Yard 1.62E-03 Bin23 Transformer Yard Yard transformers (LOSP)
1.60E-03
Bin28 Yard Transformer -noncatastrophic
Transformer Yard 8.38E-03 Bin22 Transformer Yard Yard transformers (propagating to Turbine Building)
4.00E-03
Bin29 Yard transformers (others)
Transformer Yard 1.89E-03 Bin24 Transformer Yard Yard transformers (Others)
1.50E-02
Bin30 Boiler Turbine Building 9.78E-04 Bin20 Turbine Building Boiler 1.60E-03
Bin32 Main feedwater Pumps
Turbine Building 5.44E-03 Bin19 Turbine Building Main Feedwater Pumps
4.00E-03
Bin04 Main control board Control Room 8.24E-04 Bin09 Control Room Electrical cabinets 9.50E-03
Bin03 Transients and Hotwork
Containment (PWR)
2.34E-03 Bin21 Radwaste Area Miscellaneous components
8.70E-03
Bin15.2 Electrical cabinets-HEAF
Plant-Wide Components
1.06E-03 Bin13 Intake Structure Others 3.20E-03
Bin16.1 Bus Duct Plant-Wide Components
1.27E-03
Bin16.2 Iso-Phase Ducts Plant-Wide Components
8.24E-04
22
4. 구역별 화재발생빈도 비교
23
구역별 화재발생빈도 비교
주요 PUMP실 비교
Fire Comp. Description NUREG/CR
-6850 FPRAIG
F050-A02C SI Pump Room 8.33E-05 3.37E-04
F050-A02D SI Pump Room 8.33E-05 1.83E-04
F050-A03A SI Pump Room 8.29E-05 1.83E-04
F050-A03B SI Pump Room 8.28E-05 1.83E-04
F055-A02A CCW Pump Room
8.71E-05 1.83E-04
F055-A02B CCW Pump Room
8.51E-05 6.46E-04
F055-A02C CCW Pump Room
9.41E-05 1.83E-04
F055-A02D CCW Pump Room
9.10E-05 1.83E-04
0.00E+00
1.00E-04
2.00E-04
3.00E-04
4.00E-04
5.00E-04
6.00E-04
7.00E-04
NUREG/CR-6850
FPRAIG
24
구역별 화재발생빈도 비교
주요 전기기기실 비교
Fire Comp. Description NUREG/CR
-6850 FPRAIG
F078-A25A 1E SWGR 01A Room
3.21E-04 8.05E-04
F078-AEEB 1E SWGR 01B Room
3.66E-04 1.04E-03
F157-A01D I & C EQUIP. Room
1.75E-04 2.06E-04
F157-A19C I & C EQUIP. Room
1.94E-04 2.38E-04
F157-A19D I & C EQUIP. Room
1.96E-04 2.61E-04
F157-A20C I & C EQUIP. Room
1.65E-04 1.91E-04
F157-A20D I & C EQUIP. Room
1.67E-04 1.76E-04
0.00E+00
2.00E-04
4.00E-04
6.00E-04
8.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.20E-03
NUREG/CR-6850
FPRAIG
25
구역별 화재발생빈도 비교
임시가연물 비교
Fire Comp. Description NUREG/CR
-6850 FPRAIG
F073-T08 Stair 8.68E-05 0.00E+00
F073-T10 Stair 8.68E-05 0.00E+00
F079-P01 Access Area 7.89E-05 0.00E+00
F100-A07C AFW Tank Room
1.01E-05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
1.00E-05
2.00E-05
3.00E-05
4.00E-05
5.00E-05
6.00E-05
7.00E-05
8.00E-05
9.00E-05
NUREG/CR-6850
FPRAIG
26
구역별 화재발생빈도 비교
주제어실 비교
Fire Comp. NUREG/CR
-6850 FPRAIG
F157-AMCR 1.22E-04 7.94E-03
0.00E+00
1.00E-03
2.00E-03
3.00E-03
4.00E-03
5.00E-03
6.00E-03
7.00E-03
8.00E-03
1.22E-04
7.94E-03
27
구역별 화재발생빈도 비교
발전소 전체비교
Type NUREG/CR
-6850 FPRAIG
Fixed 1.02E-01 2.92E-01
Transient 3.39E-02 1.19E-03
Total Freq. 1.36E-01 2.93E-01
0.00E+00
5.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.50E-01
2.00E-01
2.50E-01
3.00E-01
FixedTransient
Total Freq.
1.02E-01
3.39E-02
1.36E-01
2.92E-01
1.19E-03
2.93E-01
NUREG/CR-6850
FPRAIG
28
5. 결론
29
결론
화재발생빈도 감소
신규화재 PSA 방법론 적용 시 각 구역별 화재발생빈도 감소 • 고정 점화원의 화재발생빈도 감소
• 임시 점화원의 화재발생빈도 증가
– 관련 철차서 보완 및 현장 관리를 통하여 충분히 낮출 수 있음
• 전체적인 구역별 화재발생빈도는 감소
노심손상빈도(CDF)의 중요한 인자가 되는 가장 최신의 화
재발생빈도 적용 및 평가
• 좀더 현실적인 화재 현상에 대한 빈도 평가 가능
• 가장 최근의 화재까지 반영된 공식 화재사건 DB
30
결론
현장 운전원들의 적극적 협조필요 Transient 관련 빈도의 현실적 평가 가능
화재발생빈도 감소만으로 반드시 전체 CDF가 감소하는것은 아님 CDF = 화재발생빈도 x 조건부 노심손상빈도 (CCDP)
• 신규화재 PSA 방법론 적용시 기존 분석 대비 분석 대상 기기의 증가 => 관련 CCDP 증가 요인
• 상세 회로분석 및 구역별 상세 화재 모델링을 통한 CCDP 증가 요인 제거 노력 필요
31
감사합니다.
Recommended