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Ethics
Hypnosis
Neo-Freudians and Personality
Intelligence Testing
Social Development
Attribution
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Ethics Hypnosis Neo-Freudians and Personality Intelligence
Testing
Social Development
Attribution
Who is responsible for the major code of ethics we have examined?
American Psychological Association
If I “trick” someone into being in my study, what principle have I violated?
Informed consent
True or False: The APA has only created ethical guidelines for humans
False; There are also guidelines for using animals in research
Researchers cannot release data about individual participants according to this guideline
The right to confidentiality
What is debriefing?
Participants must receive full explanations of the research when their involvement is done (especially impt when using deception!)
What is hypnosis?
A social interaction in which one person makes suggestions about perceptions, thoughts, or behaviors and another person follows those suggestions
What is a posthypnotic suggestion?
A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, that the subject will carry out when no longer hypnotized
What are the most effective uses of hypnosis?
Pain control, can help control weight/smoking habits; Can help alleviate headaches/asthma
What is the divided consciousness theory of hypnosis?
One’s consciousness splits (dissociation) so that one aspect of consciousness is not aware of the role the other part is playing
What is the social influence theory of hypnosis?
Hypnosis is caused by powerful social forces; Like actors who get caught up in their roles
What criticisms did the neo-Freudians have of Freud’s personality theory?
Too much emphasis on the unconscious; Doubted that sex and aggression were all consuming motivations
Developed the idea of the inferiority complex
Alfred Adler
What did Karen Horney believe?
Freud overemphasized sex; Fought against some of Freud’s sexist beliefs; Focused on how culture contributed to women’s feeling of inferiority
Creator of archetypes
Carl Jung
What is the collective unconscious?
Memories and behavior patterns that are inherited from past generations and shared by all humans
Created the first intelligence tests for the French government
Alfred Binet
Formula for the original IQ
(Mental Age/Chronological age) x 100
Adaptation of Binet’s original test; Used IQ; Still used today; Created by Terman
Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Test that provides and overall intelligence score as well as subscores in 11 areas
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
What is content validity?
Extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
What is temperament?
A person’s pattern of mood, activity, and emotional responsiveness that emerges within the first few montsh o flife
What is secure attachment?
Children are able to separate from parent, meet return of parent with positive emotions; Studied by Mary Ainsworth
Parenting style where parents submit to their children’s desires; Make few demands and give little punishment; Very warm
Permissive-Indulgent
Describe the initiative v. Guilt stage of Erickson’s psychosocial stages
Preschoolers need to learn to take initiative in tasks and carry out their own plans; If they don’t, they will feel guilty about their efforts to be independent and feel inferior
What psychosocial stage do people go through in middle adulthood?
Generativity v. Stagnation: Need to discover a sense of contribution to the world or they may feel that they lack purpose
What is attribution?
How we explain others’ behavior
Overestimating the influence of personality and underestimating the power of the situation
Fundamental attribution error
Attributing our successes to internal qualities
Self-serving bias
Who proposed attribution theory?
Fritz Heider
Is the fundamental attribution error universal?
We have some evidence to indicate that it is opposite in Eastern cultures
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