European Renaissance and Reformation

European Renaissance and ReformationChapter 17

Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance•Italy’s Advantages

Renaissance – revival of art and learning

▫City-States Overseas trading led to the

growth of larch cities in northern Italy

▫Merchants and the Medici▫Looking to Greece and

Rome

Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance• Classical and Worldly Values

▫ Classics Lead to Humanism An intellectual movement that

focused on human potential and achievements

▫ Worldly Pleasures Secular – worldly rather than

spiritual and concerned with the here and now

▫ Patrons of the Arts Patrons – financial supporters

▫ The Renaissance Man A man who excelled in many

fields▫ The Renaissance Woman

Know the classics and be charming

Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance•The Renaissance

Revolutionizes Art Perspective – technique

using three dimensions on a flat surface

▫Realistic Painting and Sculpture

▫Leonardo, Renaissance Man

▫Raphael Advance Realism

▫Anguissola and Gentilischi

Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance•Renaissance Writers

Change Literature Vernacular – native language

▫Petrarch and Boccaccio▫Machiavelli Advises Rulers

The Prince▫Vittoria Colonna

The Courtier

The Northern Renaissance

The Northern Renaissance•The Northern

Renaissance Begins

•Artistic Ideas Spread▫German Painters

Albrecht Durer Hans Holbein

▫Flemish Painters Jan van Eyck Piter Bruegel

The Northern Renaissance•Northern Writers Try

to Reform Society▫Christian Humanists

Desiderius Erasmus Thomas More

Utopia▫Women Reformers

Christine de Pizan•The Elizabethan Age

▫William Shakespeare

The Northern Renaissance•Printing Spreads

Renaissance Ideas▫Gutenberg Improves

the Printing Process•The Legacy of the

Renaissance▫Changes in the Arts

Secular and religious Realistic and lifelike Vernacular

▫Changes in Society Available information Desire for learning

Luther Leads the Reformation•Causes of the

Reformation Spread of secular ideas Resentment of paying

church taxes▫Criticisms of the

Catholic Church Extravagant spending

on personal pleasure and fighting wars

▫Early Calls for Reform John Wycliffe, Jan Hus,

Desiderius Erasmus, and Thomas More

Luther Leads the Reformation• Luther Challenges the

Church▫The 95 Theses

Indulgence – pardon from sin

Reformation – a movement for religious reform

▫Luther’s Teachings People could win salvation

only by faint in God’s forgiveness.

All Church teachings should be based on the Bible

All people with faith were equal.

Luther Leads the Reformation• The Response to Luther

▫The Pope’s Threat Pope Leo X excommunicated

Luther▫The Emperor’s Opposition

Charles V brought Luther to Worms to stand trial

Edict of Worms – Luther was a heretic and an outlaw

▫The Peasants’ Revolt German peasants were encouraged

to try to end serfdom by Luther’s teaching on Christian freedom

▫Germany at War Protestant princes vs. Catholic

princes Peace of Augsburg

Luther Leads the Reformation• England Becomes Protestant

▫ Henry VIII Wants a Son No woman had successfully claimed

the English throne Anul – set aside Catherine was Charles V’s aunt

▫ The Reformation Parliament Act of Supremacy – Henry would be

the head of England’s church▫ Consequences of Henry’s Changes

Edward was 9 and died at 15 Mary restored the pope’s power but

met heavy resistance Elizabeth took the throne in 1558

▫ Elizabeth Restores Protestantism Anglican Church – Church of

England▫ Elizabeth Faces Other Challenges

The Reformation Continues• Calvin Continues the

Reformation▫Calvin Formalizes Protestant

Ideas Predestination – the belief

that God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved and chooses those to save

▫Calvin Leads the Reformation in Switzerland Theocracy – a government

controlled by religious leaders

▫Calvinism Spreads Presbyterians – followers of

the Scottish preacher John Knox

The Reformation Continues•Other Protestant Reformers

▫The Anabaptists Believed that persons who had been baptized as

children should be rebaptized as adults▫Women’s Role in the Reformation

The Reformation Continues•The Catholic

Reformation Catholic Reformation

▫Ignatius of Loyola Jesuits – founded

schools throughout Europe, convert non-Christians to Catholicism, stop the spread of Protestantism

▫Reforming Popes – Pope Paul III and Pope Paul IV Council of Trent

The Reformation Continues•The Legacy of the

Reformation▫Religious and Social

Effects of the Reformation

▫Political Effects of the Reformation