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Study Guide SlideshowEvolution, Change over Time, Natural Selection, Eras of Earth’s History,
Charles Darwin
*Please use this slideshow as a way to study for Wednesday’s test. It includes all the slides from class as well as additional “hints” as to what will be on the test*
First a comic relief…….
Proof of Evolution → → →
Vocabulary: Visual Vocab
Ok for real now…….
the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have CERTAIN desired traits
Selective Breeding
a group of organisms that can mate with one another to produce FERTILE offspring.
Species
Population*all the individuals of ONE species in a given AREA
Adaptation:a characteristic that helps an organism survive and REPRODUCE in its environment
Evolution:The process in which populations gradually CHANGE over time
Fossils ○ the trace or REMAINS of an organism that lived long ago○ most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock
Fossil record ○ a timeline of life that organizes fossils by their ESTIMATED
ages and physical similarities.○ The fossil record provides evidence about the ORDER in which
species have existed.
2 Ways We Identify a Common Ancestor
Comparing Skeletal Systems
Extracting and Analyzing DNA
Common Ancestor
→ Direct Ancestor of 2 individuals
Comparing Skeletal Structures
○ The structure and order of bones of a human arm are SIMILAR to those of the front limbs of a cat, a dolphin, and a bat.
○ These similarities suggest that cats, dolphins, bats, and humans had a COMMON ANCESTOR
○ The greater the number of similarities in DNA
between species, the more closely those two species are related through a common ancestor.
○ The fact that all existing species have DNA supports the theory that ALL species share a common ancestor.
Comparing DNA
Charles Darwin
● Went on a five year trip around the world.
● Studied many plants and animals.
● Known for his research on Finches in the Galapagos Islands.
● Created the Theory of natural selection.
DO NOW????? ?????Record your answers in your notebook Please!
For the following questions, explain your answer in complete sentences with proper punctuation and grammar.
1. What is Natural Selection?
Natural Selection is the process by which organisms best adapted to their environment survive, reproduce and evolve. It is caused by inherited variation (which is all up to chance)
2. Why do species adapt and evolve?Because they have genetic variation and environmental conditions vary and change.
Inherited Variation (inherited differences)
Every individual has its own combination of TRAITS
OverPOPULATION*Individuals withfavorable traits become morecommon in apopulation
SELECTION: Struggle to Survive
● competition (food & shelter)● starvation● disease● predators
ADAPTATION
The individuals will have to adapt to their environment (which always changes) Those with inherited advantages survive and others die out
Survival: Successful Reproduction
The individuals best adapted to their environment live long enough to produce offspring to carry on their traits. Populations survive and grow.
Speciation: is the formation of NEW species as a result of evolution.
There are three steps to speciation:1) separation:
● This is when a part of a population becomes SEPARATED from the rest
2) adaptation● Each group will adapt differently.
3) division● 0ver many generations, two separated groups of a
population become different until the point when they can NO longer mate with one another
The Changing Earth Adaptations to SLOW Change•When conditions on the Earth change,
organisms may ADAPT OR become EXTINCT.•Slow changes, such as moving continents,
allow time for adaptation.• A RAPID change, such as a meteorite impact,
may cause a mass extinction.
The Geologic Time Scale
● is how Earth's history is divided into chunks of time.
ERAS=Big chunks of time.
Precambrian Time
● Largest chunk of time.
● Earth was created.● Single celled
organisms developed during this era.
The Paleozoic Era•Age of Plants and Animals• Most life was in the ocean but during this time life came onto LAND
The Mesozoic Era•Age of REPTILES•Dinosaurs are the most well known reptiles in this era.•They were born and became extinct during this era.
The Cenozoic Era•Age of MAMMALS
•Modern humans appeared during this era.
•We are CURRENTLY in this era.
DO NOWWhat is this an example of?
????? ?????
Quiz Yourself!Go to the link below to access my Kahoot!!Please Study!!!
https://create.kahoot.it/details/evolution-review-2019-2020/1f3be83a-437c-4592-9f50-2bcffccb375a
https://create.kahoot.it/details/c5-6-evolution-and-history-of-life/3c9c36da-e2d2-46ed-b2e1-7210454e7209
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