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gsfotjt!hvmjf!
evropis sabWos enaTa swavlebis instrumentebi. zogadevropuli kompetenciebi da portfolioebi
fopcsjwj!qpmjujljt!hbozpgjmfcb!!tusbtcvshj-!3118!
evropis sabWo
2
naSromis Targmani SeTanxmebulia evropis sabWos skolis, skolis Semdgomi da
umaRlesi ganaTlebis direqtoratTan (F-67075 strasburgi CEDEX) da gamomcem-
loba `Didier~-sTan.
kvlevis xelaxali gamocema nebadarTulia mxolod arakomerciuli miznebisaT-
vis da wyaroSi miTiTebuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
Targmani ganxorcielda evropis sabWos enobrivi politikis ganyofilebis fi-
nansuri mxardaWeriT.
© Council of Europe, for the English version 2007
© Editions Didier
© `saimedo~, 2008
gamomcemloba `saimedo~ Tbilisi, 2008
3
Tjobbstj!!
winasityvaoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
evropis sabWo da Tanamedrove enebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
evropuli enobrivi portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
nawili 1: enaTa flobis zogadevropuli
kompetenciebi da evropuli enobrivi portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Sesavali: risTvis gvWirdeba analizis bade da saerTo kategoriebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Tavi 1: enis kursis aRweris ZiriTadi koncefciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1. konteqstis mniSvneloba, romelSic saswavlo masalaa gamoyenebuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2. ras gulisxmobs CEFR `kompetenciebis~ qveS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2. 1. individualuri zogadi kompetencia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2. 2. komunikaciuri kompetencia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3. enobrivi aqtivobebi swavlebis meTodur centrSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Tavi 2: qmedebaze orientirebuli midgoma Tanamedrove enebis swavlaSi . . . . . . . . . . 22
1. ra aris sakomunikacio amocana? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2. amocanebis magaliTebi Tanamedrove enebis saxelmZRvaneloebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3. rogor SeiZleba gaanalizdes sakomunikacio davaleba?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4. sakomunikacio davalebebis adgili pedagogiur TanmimdevrobaSi .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Tavi 3: zogadi Sefasebis doneebis skala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1. zogadi Sefasebis doneebis miReba oficialur teqstebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2. Sefasebis doneebi, enobrivi aRqma da sawarmoo moRvaweoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3. Sefasebis doneebi da sakomunikacio davalebebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4. kompetenciis doneebis calsaxad pozitiuri ganmarteba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5. evropuli enobrivi portfolios Sesamowmebeli sia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
nawili 2: enebis Sefasebis zogadevropuli programa da evropuli
enobrivi portfolio (Tanamedrove enebis swavlebis meTodebi da
moswavlis damoukideblobis ganviTareba) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Sesavali: CEFR da Tanamedrove enebis silabusebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Tavi 1: CEFR-isa da ELP-is gamoyeneba gakveTilis Casatareblad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
1. sakomunikacio davalebebis SedgenaSi prioritetebis gansazRvra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
1. 1. klasebsa da swavlebis etapebs Soris uwyvetobis uzrunvelyofa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
1. 2. xelmisawvdomi lingvisturi resursebis gamdidreba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2. enobrivi aqtivobebis dadgena micemuli davalebebis mixedviT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3. sakomunikacio davalebebiT erTiani mimarTulebis SemoTavazeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3. 1. moswavleebisaTvis saSualebis micema, raTa davalebebis
mniSvneloba aRiqvan maT progresTan SesabamisobaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3. 2. uSualo kavSiris Semqna saklaso oTaxis situaciasa da
deskriptorebs Soris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3. 3. moswavleebis xelSewyoba maTi warmatebis komunikaciur
amocanebSi dasadgenad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4. moswavleebis daxmareba enobrivi miznebis Tavad dasaxvaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5. saxelmwifo enis SezRuduli gamoyeneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6. programis Seqmna davalebebis safuZvelze, romlebic Seesabamebian CEFR doneebs . . . . 75
Tavi 2: rogor unda Sefasdes enobrivi kompetenciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
1. Sefasebis testis Sedgena CEFR-ze dayrdnobiT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
2. moswavlis mier davalebis Sesrulebis Sefaseba testSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
3. TviTSefaseba da maswavleblis Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4. niSnebi da kompetenciis doneebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5. rodis SeiZleba CaiTvalos rom moswavlem miaRwia kompetenciis dones? . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Tavi 3: ELPELP-is gamoyeneba moswavleebSi mravalenovnebis mxardasaWerad . . . . . . . . . 95
1. rogor gansazRvravs CEFR mravalenovnebas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
2. sxva enebis Seswavlis aqtivobebis gaTvaliswineba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
3. mravalenovnebis Sefaseba moswavleebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
teqstebTan, fotosuraTebTan da ilustraciebTan
dakavSirebuli damowmebuli literaturis sia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
4
Language Policy Division DG IV – Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Education Council of Europe, Strasbourg enobrivi politikis ganyofileba
IV gany. - evropis sabWos skolis, skolis Semdgomi da umaRlesi ganaTlebis di-
reqtorati, strasburgi
Targmani merab babuxadiasi
redaqtori: marika oZeli
teqsti eleqtronuli formiT xelmisawvdomia enobrivi politikis ganyofilebis
veb-gverdze:
www.coe.int/lang <http://www.coe.int/lang
5
winasityvaoba
dReisaTvis Tanamedrove enebis sakiTxis wamoWrisas regularulad axsene-
ben enaTa flobis zogadevropul kompetenciebs (CECR). miuxedavad amisa, es
programa mainc ar aris saTanadod cnobili. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu enis maswavle-
blebi am programas ar iyeneben meTodad, maT unda miuTiTon isev CEFR-ze, raTa
aranairi gavlena ar iqonion yoveldRiur swavlebasa da Sefasebaze. maswavle-
blebs da, Sesabamisad, maTs moswavleebs ar SeeZlebaT srulad miiRon sarge-
beli arsebuli situaciidan. uares SemTxvevaSi - gaugebrobis arsebobisas, CEFR SesaZlebelia yuradRebis sagnad iqces.
CEFR-s Seaqvs garkveuli wvlili evropul enobriv politikaSi, romlis
ZiriTadi mizania evropeli moqalaqeebis komunikaciuri kompetenciebis gaum-
jobeseba da gamWvirvalobis Seqmna enobriv kvalifikaciebSi. es ormagi mizani
naTlad aris gamokveTili adgilobriv, erovnul da evropuli politikis don-
eebze, rac xsnis CEFR-is zogadi sabazo skalis swrafi da farTo aRiarebis
mizezebs. programa xdeba mniSvnelovani meTodi evropul qveynebSi ganaTlebis-
axali mimarTulebis SeqmnisaTvis Tanamedrove enebis sferoSi. is evropulma
kavSirma miiRo enarTa doneebis dadgenis standartad. axali evropisa, romelic
oficialurad Catarda 2005 wels, SeimuSavebs evropuli enebis portfolios
(ELP), enis pasports da CEFR doneebs. naTelia CEFR-is upiratesobani ganviTarebadi enobrivi politikisaTvis.
miuxedavad amisa, mainc aucilebelia vuCvenoT, Tu ra sargebloba moaqvs enis
swavlebas yoveldRiur praqtikaSi. sruli saTauri - enaTa flobis zogadevro-
puli kompetenciebi: swavla, swavleba, Sefaseba, uCvenebs, rom is exeba enis mas-
wavleblebis yvelanair profesiul aqtivobas da ara mxolod moswavlis Se-
fasebas, rogorc amas zogadad moiazreben.
pirvel rigSi, aucilebelia gairkves urTierToba enaTa flobis zogadev-
ropul kompetenciebsa da evropuli enebis portfolios Soris. Tu pedagogiuri
TvalsazrisiT mivudgebiT _ orive ganuyofelia; CEFR-i gamiznulia enis swav-
lebis politikis SeqmnisTvis, ELP-i ki _ SemswavlelTaTvis. gansxvaveba per-
speqtivaSia da ara midgomaSi. amis gamo, TiToeul maTganze specifikuri kon-
teqstis mixedviT unda visaubroT.
am dokumentis miznebia:
- ganisazRvros `kompetenciebisa~ da ELP-is wvlili Tanamedrove enaTa
swavlebis perspeqtivis TvalsazrisiT;
- SeZlebisdagvarad, konkretulad vuCvenoT, Tu rogor SeuZlia enis
maswavlebels am meTodebiT SemoTavazebuli resursebis gamoyeneba;
- da bolos: vuCvenoT, rom es ori meTodi ar warmoadgens enis swav-
lebis dinamikaSi mimarTulebis fundamentur cvlilebas bolo ramden-
ime wlis ganmavlobaSi, aramed mniSvnelovani berketia arsebuli
miznebis misaRwevad.
zemoT Camoyalibebuli miznebidan naTelia, rom es dokumenti ar gadmog-
vcems CEFR-is srul upiratesobebs. SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT, SerCeviTad unda
vimoqmedoT da orientirebuli viyoT imaze, Tu ra aris upirvelesi mizani enis
maswavleblebisaTvis skolasa da saklaso oTaxSi. SesaZlebelia, arsebobdes
sxvadasxva arCevani, Tu es dokumenti saswavlo masalis avtorebisTvis iqneboda
gankuTvnili; magaliTad _ enis gamocdis organizatorebisaTvis.
moyvanili iqneba amonawerebi saxelmZRvaneloebidan da komentarebi imi-
saTvis, raTa vuCvenoT Cveni argumentebi. am saxelmZRvaneloebis umravlesoba
aris Editions Didier-is (parizi) gamocemebi, romelsac xeli miuwvdeba avtorTan da
wyaroebTan. ra Tqma unda, es ar niSnavs, rom mxolod saxelmZRvaneloebi iqneba
gamoyenebuli CEFR-sa Tu ELP-Si asaxuli midgomebis warmosaCenad. igive SeniS-
6
vna miesadageba enebs moyvanil amonawerebs. am amonawerebSi mxolod Svidi ena
Cans, magram, ra Tqma unda, moyvanili argumentebi miesadageba yvela enas, rom-
lebic iswavleba, da ara mxolod am dokumentSi moyvanil sakmaod mcire eno-
briv CamonaTvals.
aq moyvanili mravali magaliTi exeba enis swavlebas safrangeTSi. maTi
mizania, vuCvenoT argumentebi konkretuli situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT da gavi-
azroT, rom politikuri nebis arsebobis pirobebSi, CEFR–is gamoyeneba uaRresad komfortulia aseTi swavlebis organizebasa da swavlebis praqtikaSi.
sabolood, am dokumentis Camoyalibebuli mizani gviCvenebs, Tu ratom ga-
moiyeneba termini `moswavle~ sistematurad enis SemswavlelTa da ELP-i _ momx-mareblebTan mimarTebiT. enis maswavleblebs, romelTaTvisac ZiriTadad es do-
kumentia gankuTvnili, hyavT moswavleebi, romlebzec isini arian pasuxismge-
belni. miuxedavad amisa, cxadia, rom arc CEFR-i da arc ELP-i ar aris mxolod
skolebze orientirebuli. evropis sabWo aris yvela evropelisTvis, iqnebian
eseni bavSvebi, axalgazrdebi Tu zrdasrulebi. amis msgavsad, imave mizezebis
gamo, es dokumenti moicavs mxolod CEFR-Si dadgenil ramdenime ideas. mas ar
SeuZlia Secvalos CEFR-is kiTxva.
enis maswavleblebisaTvis CEFR-isa da ELP-is gamoyenebis gadawyveta niS-navs, sakuTar Tavs miznebis miRwevis saSualeba miscen: moswavlis mxardaWera
enis swavlebaSi, moswavleTa uzrunvelyofa maTi miznebis Tavadve dasadgenad
da maTi avtonomiis gasaviTareblad, enobrivi progresis aRnusxva, warmatebis
Sefaseba da enis swavlisTvis mniSvnelobis micema. aseTi swavla eyrdnoba,
sxvaTa Soris, ZiriTadad evropul ganzomilebebs da samyaros mimarT gaxsnilo-
bas. aTasobiT maswavlebelma, romlebic yovel Rones xmaroben, did drosa da
energias uTmoben warmatebul partniorobas, ucxoeTis skolebTan gacvliT
proeqtebsa da sxva qveynebSi vizitebs, kargad ician, rom enis namdvili swavla
SeuZlebelia am survilis _ evropul da saerTaSoriso kulturebSi CarTvis
gareSe.
CEFR-i da ELP-i maswavleblebs saSualebas aZleven, intensiuri gaxadon
es procesi yvela saklaso RonisZiebis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis gaazrebulad
Catarebis gziT evropul rakursSi. NBNB: am axali gamocemisaTvis garkveuli cvlilebebi Sevida SinaarsSi, raTa
mravalricxovani mkiTxvelisTvis xelmisawvdomi yofiliyo safrangeTis farglebs gareTac
(cvlilebebi zogierT magaliTSi da sxva enebis magaliTebis CarTva, safrangeTis ganaT-
lebis sistemis zogierTi maxasiaTeblebis axsna da a. S.). es cvlilebebi aranairad ar mo-
qmedeben argumentebze, romlebic msgavsia wina gamocemebSi arsebuli argumentebisa.
7
evropis sabWo da Tanamedrove enebi
(CEFR) enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebisa da evropuli eno-
brivi portfolios (ELP) miznebis ukeT gasagebad, mcire informacias unda
vflobdeT evropis sabWoze. es organizacia, romlis Stab-bina strasburgSia,
eweva enobrivi mravalferovnebisa da enebis swavlis sferoSi saqmianobas evro-
puli kulturuli konvenciis mixedviT, romelic xelmowerisaTvis gamzadda 1954
wlis 1 dekembers. is amJamad aerTianebs 46 evropul wevr-saxelmwifos. is avi-
Tarebs politikas, romelic Seqmnilia urTierTgagebis gaZlierebisa da
gaRrmavebis, demokratiuli moqalaqeobis konsolidaciisa da socialuri er-
Tianobis SenarCunebisaTvis.
Tanamedrove enebs evropis sabWos muSaobaSi imTaviTve mniSvnelovani
adgili ekavaT. wina proeqti mxars uWerda maRali donis komunikaciuri kompe-
tenciis dauflebas ise, rom yvelas SeZleboda sargebeli mieRo
urTierTqmedebiTa da mobilurobiT evropaSi. mas Semdeg axali problemebi
dadga globalizaciisa da internacionalizaciis gamo. enobrivi unarebi axla
Tanabrad aucilebelia yvela moqalaqisaTvis socialuri erTianobisa da inte-
graciisaTvis da demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis evropaSi, mravalenovan sa-
zogadoebebSi.
Tanamedrove enebis swavlebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mieniWa ev-
ropis sabWos enobrivi politikis ganyofilebis (www.coe.int/lang) erTiani
strategiis SemuSavebiT da agreTve avstriaSi, qalaq gracSi, Tanamedrove enebis
evropuli centris (www.ecml.at) daarsebiT.
enis maswavleblebi aRiareben evropis sabWos garkveul wvlils maTs
yoveldRiur praqtikaSi, kerZod, udavoa am organizaciis roli komunikaciuri
midgomis SemotanaSi enis saxelmZRvaneloebsa da saswavlo masalebSi. es
wvlili xazgasmulia rig seriul gamocemebSi 1975 da 1990 wlebSi enobrivi
saSualebebis CamonaTvaliT, romelic saWiroa sxva enaze molaparakeebTan sa-
Tanadod urTierTobisaTvis: “niveau seuil~ frangulad, “Kontaktschwelle~ germanulad,
“nivel umbral~ espanurad, `zRvruli done~ (“threshold level~) inglisurad da misT. am
naSromebma gadamwyveti wvlili Seitana funqciuri xedvis SemotanaSi, rac da-
kavSirebulia silabusebSi da saswavlo masalebsa da praqtikaSi komunikaciur
amocanebTan. maT SesaZlebeli gaxades, gamokveTiliyo zogadi da specifikuri
cnebebi da enis funqciebi, romlebic metad saWiro instrumentebad iqcnen.
8
enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi
CEFR-i aris dokumenti, romelic momzadebulia 1993 da 2000 wlebSi eq-
spertebis mier evropis sabWos xelmZRvanelobiT. is oficialurad miRebuli iyo
Zalze farTo konsultaciis Semdeg 2001 wels enebis evropuli wlis ganmavlo-
baSi.
CEFR-i gamoica evropis sabWos or oficialur
enaze inglisurad (kembrijis universitetis presa,
2001 w.) da frangulad (Editions Didier, 2001) da gadai-Targmna 30-ze met enaze. is ar aris dogmaturi an
instruqciebis mimcemi dokumenti, romelic Taname-
drove enis swavlisa da swavlebis specifikur ar-
gumentebsa da arCevans yvela wevri saxelmwifosaT-
vis, yvela institutSi, yvela samizne jgufisa da
yvela enisaTvis mxolod erT meTods awesebs.
misi ZiriTadi mizania, Seasrulos aRweriTi
meTodis funqcia, romelic arCevanis saSualebas
miscems sxvadasxva konteqstSi enis swavlebas an
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebs. CEFR-is gamoyenebiT
maT SeuZliaT aRweron da Seadaron maTi saswavlo
variantebi, swavlebis miznebi, romelTac isini mis-
deven da Sedegebi kvalifikaciis doneebis mixedviT.
CEFR-is mniSvnelovani mizania, mxari dauWi-
ros gamWvirvalobas da SedarebiTobas enis swavlebis daregulirebis procesSi
da enis kvalifikaciaSi. am mxriv, is gvTavazobs:
- situaciebisa da arCevanis gaanalizebisa da aRweris saerTo me-
Todologias enis swavlebasa da swavlaSi;
- saerTo terminologias yvela enebisaTvis da saganmanaTleblo kon-
teqstisaTvis;
- enis kvalifikaciis doneebis saerTo skalas miznis dasaxvisa da swav-
lis Sedegis Sefasebis dasaxmareblad.
CEFR-i iyenebs aqtivobaze orientirebul midgomas, romelic emyareba enis
swavlebasa da swavlas da sakomunikacio amocanebis Sesrulebas.
9
evropuli enobrivi portfolio
2001 wels oficialurad dawyebuli CEFR-is sapilote proeqti 15 evropul
qveyanaSi warmoadgens enis SemswavlelTaTvis garkveul doneze CEFR-Si gaT-
valiswinebuli midgomebisa da meTodebis miwodebas.
ELP-i aris Semswavlelis _ moswavlis, Segirdis an studentis sakuTreba.
is Tan sdevs Semswavlels swavlis mTeli procesis ganmavlobaSi, Tundac
manamde, sanam isini Seicvlian akademiur Tu saswavlo kurss, rac sxva ELP mod-els xdis sasurvels an aucilebels (gadasvla dawyebiTi skolidan saSualo
skolaSi da a. S.)
ELP-i momxmareblebs aZlevs Semdeg saSualebebs:
- Caiweros maTi yvela enobrivi unari da gamocdileba sxvadasxva enis
gamoyenebaSi, sxva qveynebSi an danarCen regionebSi da im enaze mety-
velebTan kontaqtebi, romlebic gansxvavdeba maTi mSobliuri enisagan
(enebisagan) ise, rom SesaZlebeli iyos maTi wardgena mesame mxarisT-
vis;
- ganviTardes maTi enis swavlis avtonomiuroba, anu imaze fiqri, Tu
rogor saqmianoben da swavliT rogor axdenen TviTSefasebas;
- mizanmimarTuli svla namdvili mravalenovnebisken.
yovel ELP-s aqvs sami nawili:
- enobrivi pasporti, romelSic momxmareblebi iweren informacias donis
Sesaxeb yvela im enaSi, romelic maT ician an swavloben;
- enobrivi biografia, romelic mxars uWers winare swavlisa da TviT-
Sefasebis asaxvas;
- saqme, romelic Seicavs aRniSnuli doneebisa da moxsenebuli ga-
mocdilebis damamtkicebel masalebsa da dokumentebs.
ELP-ebi icvleba qveynisa da saganmanaTleblo konteqstis mixedviT.
miuxedavad amisa, yoveli maTgani daeqvemdebara evropuli saratifikacio ko-
mitetis dokuments, romelic maT akreditaciis nomers aniWebs. mravalferovne-
bis miuxedavad, isini inarCuneben evropul orientacias, rac maTi gamoyenebis
aRiarebis pirobaa nebismier dros, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu icvleba sacxovre-
beli adgili (sxva qveyanaSi an regionSi migracia) swavlis mizniT.
10
magaliTad, safrangeTSi 2006 wels sami ELP-is modeli dakanonda:
- Mon Premier Portfolio dawyebiTi skolisTvis (akreditacia # 202000) Se-
muSavebuli CIEP-is mier; - PEL college (akreditacia N# 44, 2003) SemuSavebuli CIEP-is eqspertebis
da mkvlevrebis mier Ecole normale superieure (ENS) de Lettres et Sciences humaines-dan;
- Mon Premier Portfolio (akreditacia #5-2000) SemuSavebuli kanis regionuli
saganmanaTleblo uflebamosilebis samuSao jgufis mier da gamoce-
muli CRDP de Basse-Normandie-isa da Editions Didier-is mier. evropis sabWo maswavleblebs uzrunvelyofs saxelmZRvaneloebisa da
praqtikuli magaliTebis seriebiT, romelTagan zogierTi SesaZlebelia ixiloT
ELP-is veb-gverdze (www.coe.int/portfolio). unda aRvniSnoT ori maTgani (gamocemuli
evropis sabWos gamomcemlobis mier), romlebic Zalian sasargebloa am meTodis
gansaxorcieleblad:
- evropuli enobrivi portfolio: saxelmZRvanelo maswavleblebisa da
maswavlebelTa trenerebisTvis (deivid liTlisa da radka perklovas
avtorobiT), gamocemuli 2001 wlis ianvarSi;
- evropuli enobrivi portfolios gamoyeneba: cxra magaliTi (gamoce-
muli devid liTlis mier).
11
nawili 1
enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi da evropuli enobrivi
portfolio
tbtxbwmp!nbtbmjtb!eb!njehpnfcjt!!bSxfsjtb!eb!bobmj{jt!psj!nfUpej!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
12
!!
Sesavali
sjtUwjt!hwXjsefcb!bobmj{jt!cbef!eb!!tbfsUp!lbufhpsjfcj!
CEFR-ma axal eras daudo safuZveli evropaSi Tanamedrove enebis swav-
lebis istoriaSi pirveli enobrivi politikis meTodis SeqmniT, romelic
namdvilad moicavs yvela Tanamedrove enas. 1975-1990 wlebs Soris gamocemuli
`zRvruli doneebi~ Seqmnili iyo enis swavlebisa da gamoyenebis saerTo Sexed-
ulebebis safuZvelze, Tumca, igi gankuTvnili iyo erTi konkretuli enisaTvis.
konkretul enaSi CEFR-is publikacia gamiznulia ara enis maswavle-
blebisaTvis, aramed pirovnebebisTvis, romlebic am enas mSobliuriviT floben.
magaliTad, CEFR-is franguli gamocema gamiznulia safrangeTSi arabulis, bas-
kuris, berberulis, bretonulis, kataloniuris, Cinuris, portugaliuris,
ebraulis, italiuris, provansulis, rusulis, espanuris, Turqulisa da misT.
maswavleblebisaTvis, romlebic muSaoben safrangeTSi an frangulis, rogorc
ucxo enis maswavleblebisaTvis. ra Tqma unda, maT SesaZlebelia surdeT, rom
flobdnen an konsultacia gaiaron CEFR-is versiaze im enaSi, romelsac isini
aswavlian. am SemTxvevaSi maT SeuZliaT gamoiyenon mocemuli enis leqsikoni da
moipovon im RonisZiebebis an kvalifikaciis doneebis aRwera, romelic
Sedgenilia im regionSi ucxo enis swavlebisaTvis. magram enis maswavleblebisa
da trenerebisTvis yvelaze bunebrivi gza iqneba _ gamoiyenon CEFR-i; am do-kumentis miReba SeuZliaT mSobliur enaze, erovnul (saxelmwifo) enaze an im
saganmanaTleblo enaze, romel enazec uxdebaT muSaoba.
CEFR-is pirdapiri daniSnuleba im situaciebis aRwerisa da analizis me-
Todologiebis dadgenaa, romlis mixedviTac Tanamedrove enas aswavlian an
swavloben. am procesSi aucilebelia terminologiis SerCeva.
enis maswavleblebma ician terminologiis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. isini ak-
virdebian sirTuleebs, romlebic moswavleebs xvdebaT terminologiaSi cvli-
lebebisas, rodesac isini cdiloben, ucxo enis gramatikuli cnebebi Seusabamon
saTanado cnebebs maTs mSobliur enaze da Tundac cnebebs im enebSi, romlebsac
isini swavloben. jerjerobiT am faqts arasdros ar gamouwvevia terminologie-
bis unifikacia an maT Soris seriozuli harmonizacia. faqtobrivad, termi-
nologia mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli TiToeuli enis sistemis TaviseburebebTan.
is damokidebulia lingvistur midgomaze, romelic moyvanilia saxel-
mZRvaneloebSi an gamokvlevebSi. is arasodes ar aris kategoriebis krebuli,
romelic SesaZlebelia, gadatanil iqnes erTi enidan meoreze.
Tanamedrove enebis Teoriasa da swavlebis meTodebSi cvlilebebi yovel-
Tvis aRiniSneboda axali terminebis gamoCeniT. es ar aris erTsa da imave peda-
gogiur RonisZiebaze axali saxelebis darqmevis TviTmiznuri axireba, aramed
pedagogiuri azrovnebisa da orientirebis winsvlis maCvenebeli misi ganviTare-
bis praqtikaSi.
zogierTi qveynis enis silabusebSi Semotanili terminologia, magaliTad,
2005 wels safrangeTSi kolejebisaTvis (saSualo safexuris skolebisaTvis)
miRebuli silabusebi xSirad msgavsia CEFR-is silabusebisa. Tumca gamoyenebu-
lia SerCeuli terminebic.EBisini AerTad, Tanmimdevrulad qmnian Tanamedrove
enebis swavla / swavlebisadmi specifikur midgomas. yvela enis maswavlebels
unda SeeZlos daadginos, Tu ras moicavs es terminologiuri cvlilebebi. Sem-
deg maT SeeZlebaT gaigon da aqtiuri monawileoba miiRon maTi disciplinis
aqtiur warmoCenaSi.
13
CEFR-is wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis wardgeniT, evropis sabWom uzrunve-
lyo gamWvirvalobis miRweva, urTierTgageba da Tavsebadoba rogorc swavlebis
sistemebSi, ise enaTa kvalifikaciebSi. am mimarTulebebs xels uwyobs zogadi
sabazo doneebi, romelTa potenciali naCvenebi iqneba yvela enis maswavlebli-
saTvis.
CEFR-is erT-erTi mizania, mxari davuWiroT enis Tanamedrove swavlebis
profesionalebs, ifiqron sakuTar praqtikaze. warmodgenili midgoma maT daex-
marebaT gamocdilebaSi, saswavlo masalaze an pedagogiur meTodikaze muSao-
baSi. amgvarad, sxvadasxva enisa da kulturis an sxvadasxva qveynidan maswavle-
blebs SeuZliaT miaRwion urTierTgagebas da Seadaron TavianTi gamocdileba.
swavlebis sxvadasxva doneebis mqone enis maswavleblebsa da moswavleebs
sxvadasxva qveynidan SeuZliaT xeli Seuwyon gacvlebs, debatebs da urTierT-
gamdidrebas. analitikuri midgoma SesaZlebelia da unda Catardes yvela mxaris
arCevanis, TiToeuli enis tradiciebisa Tu maxasiaTeblebis da Sesabamisi swav-
lebis konkretuli konteqstis mimarT.
mocemuli meTodis upiratesoba aSkara gaxdeba, upirveles yovlisa ki
erTsa da imave skolaSi sxvadasxva enis maswavleblebisTvis.
14
Tavi 1
fojt!lvstjt!bSxfsjt![jsjUbej!lpodfgdjfcj!
CEFR aris mravalmxrivi dokumenti. is cdilobs Tanmimdevrulad moicvas
enis swavleba da swavlis mravalricxovani situaciebi da problemaTa umravle-
soba, romlebic gvxvdeba aseT situaciebSi. es mizani mianiSnebs, rom misi gark-
veuli ideebi kompleqsuria.
udavoa, rom yvela enis maswavlebelma da trenerma, visac Segnebulad
unda monawileoba miiRos am sferos debatebSi da gansajos, Tu ra aris gadam-
wyveti sxvadasxva pedagogiur arCevansa da gadawyvetilebaSi, unda mimarTon am
dokuments da imsjelon am dokumentis Sinaarsis, aseve mis TiToeul nawilSi
dasmul kiTxvebze. Tumca, pirvelad CEFR-is mkiTxveli SesaZlebelia sakmaod
daibnes moyvanili mravali koncefciiT da detaluri axsniT, rac mocemulia
sxvadasxva TavSi. CEFR-is sruli gageba moiTxovs droTa ganmavlobaSi ramden-
jerme wakiTxvas, individualuri moTxovnilebebisa da interesebis mixedviT
garkveuli nawilebis SerCevas.
kiTxvis dawyebis dasaxmareblad qvemoT moviyvanT CEFR-is ramdenime pa-rametrsa da ramdenime koncefcias, romlebic arCeulia enis maswavleblebis
yoveldRiuri praqtikis damaxasiaTebeli bunebis gamo. argumentis ilustrire-
bisaTvis unda SemovitanoT es koncefciebi da SemoTavazebuli terminologia
(dabeWdili msxvili SriftiT Sesabamis teqstSi) frangulis, rogorc ucxo enis
saxelmZRvanelodan amonawerebis mokle analizis safuZvelze.
es Tavi ubralod aRwers terminebs, romlebic mniSvnelovania swavlebis
situaciebSi. am gansazRvrebaTa praqtikuli Sedegebi gamokvleuli iqneba Sem-
dgom TavebSi.
es frangulis, rogorc ucxo enis saxelmZRvanelodan SemTxveviT Ser-
Ceuli gverdia, romelic wignis meaTe Tavis Semadgeneli nawilia. sax-
elmZRvanelodan moyvanil gverdebs win uZRvis ramdenime aqtivoba da savarjiSo
warsulis gamosaxatavad, romelSic ramdenime dausrulebeli droa Semotanili.
1. konteqstis mniSvneloba, romelSic saswavlo masalaa gamoyenebuli
es konteqsti aRwerilia wignis winasityvaobaSi. misi momxmareblebi arian
ufrosi asakis axalgazrdebi da mozrdilebi, romelTac SeuZliaT dauTmon 60
saaTi frangulis uSualo Seswavlas (Zalian didi drois maCvenebeli). es xsnis
imas, Tu ratom aris wignis Sinaarsi Semofargluli sami nawiliT, romelTagan
TiToeuli Sedgeba oTxi Tavisagan _ kompleqsuri, magram ricxvebiT Semofar-
gluli obieqtebiT (informaciis moTxovna da mowodeba; kiTxva, urTierToba,
laparaki vinmeze da vinmes gamocdileba).
15
nebismieri sxva saxelmZRvanelo, romelic ar aris romelime specifikuri
instituciuri sazogadoebisTvis gankuTvnili, saSualebas ar iZleva, zustad
dadgindes am meTodis momxmareblebis moTxovnilebebi. Tumca naTelia, rom
moswavleebisa da zrdasrulTaTvis mokle treningis kursisTvis interesebis
ZiriTadi sfero iqneba piradi cxovreba an sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis Cveuli
saqmianobebi (personaluri da sazogado interesebis sfero).
mokled, konteqstis analizma, romelic asaxulia saxelmZRvaneloSi,
SesaZlebelia garkveuli mniSvnelovani informacia mogvawodos miRebuli ar-
Cevanis gagebasa da Sefasebaze. es unda davukavSiroT momxmareblebis maxasiaTe-
blebs, maT specifikur Tvisebebs da moTxovnebs enis gamoyenebasTan dakavSire-
biT (piradi, sajaro, profesiuli an saganmanaTleblo interesebis sferoebi).
amis pirdapiri Sedegebi mocemulia kopirebul or gverdze. Sinaarsi da
saqmianobebi exeba pirad interesebs (individualuri moTxovnilebebi da
urTierTobebi pirovnebebs Soris). gare situaciebi am interesebis sferoSi
xvdeba: saxli da sastumroebi _ adgilebi, movlenebi dakavSirebulia ardade-
gebTan, da sazrunavi Semoifargleba yoveldRiuri cxovrebiT. komunikaciuri
moqmedebebisTvis aRebuli Temebi aris saxli da garemomcveli samyaro (aveji,
sawoli oTaxisa da saxlis mowyoba, servisebi da misT.), saWmeli da sasmeli.
komunikaciuri amocanebi dakavSirebulia pirad interesebTanac: megobar-
Tan darekva, saxlis mepatronesTan darekva binis daqiravebis mizniT, pretenzie-
bis wayeneba daqiravebuli sacxovreblis Taobaze, mcire zomis reklamebis
wakiTxva, SeniSvnebi ardadegebze.
sabolood, am ormag gverdze saxelmZRvanelo gamoyenebulia teqstebisa
da savarjiSoebisaTvis. arsebobs zepirmetyvelebis Cawerili teqstebi (satele-
fono saubari), werilobiTi teqstebi (mcire zomis sareklamo gancxadeba), sala-
parako teqsti, romelic momzadebulia SemswavlelTa mier (satelefono
saubari) da werilobiTi teqsti, momzadebuli Semswavlelebis mier (miwer-
mowera ardadegebis ganmavlobaSi) SesavliTa da savaraudo Sinaarsis miniSne-
biT. es ar aris realuri dokumentebi da, cxadia, Seqmnilia swavlebis mizne-
bisaTvis.
agreTve aRniSnuli iqneba, rom CEFR-is terminologiaSi `teqsti~ gamo-
yenebulia amgvari gagebiT: moicvas `enobrivi moRvaweobis nebismieri sfero,
saubari Tu wera, romelsac momxmareblebi / Semswavlelebi miiReben, gamoiyene-
ben Tu Secvlian~ (CEFR, gv. 93). amis gamo, `teqstze~ unda vilaparakoT, rogorc
zepiri, ise werilobiTi dokumentis Sesaxeb, romelic gamoyenebulia moswavlee-
16
bis mier da Seqmnilia maT mier. aqve ganvixilavT dialogebsac: im winadadebebis
mowodebiT, romlebic Sinaarsobrivad erT mTlianobas qmnian.
momxmareblebi
konteqstTan dakavSirebuli maxasiaTeblebi
moTxovnilebebi
interesebi
Temebi gare situaciebi komunikaciuri amocanebi
ra SeiZleba aqedan iswavlos enis maswavlebelma?
swavlebis Tanmimdevrobaze an saswavlo masalaze zemoqmedeba au-
cileblad niSnavs swavlebaze arsebuli SezRudvebisa da moswavlis
an studentis moTxovnilebebis ganxilvas. rogorc Cans, es parametrebi
Zalian xSirad arasworad aRiqmeba. swavlebis situaciebi, romlebic
ZiriTadad gvxvdeba klasebSi, Zireulad gansxvavdeba im konteqstisa-
gan, romelsac iyenebs frangulis, rogorc ucxo enis es sax-
elmZRvanelo. Cven iSviaTad gvaqvs saqme zrdasrulebTan da moswav-
leebs ufro meti dro aqvT enis saswavleblad. maTi moTxovnilebebi
ar Semoifargleba piradi interesebiT, an Tundac mxolod samsaxureo-
brivi interesebiT profesiuli kursebis SemTxvevaSi. Tanamedrove ene-
bis silabusebis kulturuli Sinaarsi moicavs im Temebis CarTvis au-
cileblobas, romlebic moicaven rogorc pirad, aseve sazogadoebriv
interesebs (sazogadoebis organizacia da funqcionireba, pirovnebaT-
Sorisi damokidebulebebi specifikur socialur farglebSi,
mniSvnelovani kulturuli orientirebi, debatebi qveyanaSi da misT.)
ra Tqma unda, es interesebi unda Seesabamebodes sxvadasxva datvirT-
viT miRweul swavlis donesa da moswavlis pirad miznebs. ufro metic,
orenovan saganmanaTleblo kursebSi, im sistemebSi, sadac enis swav-
lebis integrireba xdeba sxva sagnebis swavlebasTan da klasSi
emzadebian orenovani diplomisaTvis _ moswavlis interesebi emTxveva
akademiur interesebs. enis maswavleblebi naxaven cxrilebs CEFR-Si, romlebic uCveneben Tematur magaliTebs da TiToeuli interesis
sferos garemomcvel situaciebs. aRiniSneba, rom CEFR-is midgoma ar gamoricxavs kulturul konteqsts. is savsebiT integrirebulia swav-
lebis situaciis analizis parametrebTan. adgili, romelsac Taname-
drove enis swavleba kulturul nawils uTmobs mravali qveynis ga-
naTlebis sistemebSi (dawyebiT skolaSi Tu dabal da zeda saSualo
skolaSi), warmoiSoba moswavleebis zogad ganaTlebaSi am sagnis
konkretuli roliT. agreTve acxadeben, rom enis Seswavla SeuZlebe-
lia Sesabamisi qveynis kulturisa da civilizaciis Seswavlis gareSe.
es Sexeduleba aranairad ar ewinaaRmdegeba evropis sabWos midgomas,
romelmac CEFR-is Semotanis Semdeg aRniSna, rom unda gaviTvaliswi-
noT yoveli metyvelis socialuri foni. cxadia, rom swavlebis situa-
ciis an saswavlo masalis aRwera sruliad unda iTvaliswinebdes aseT
azrs.
17
2. ras gulisxmobs CEFR `kompetenciis~ qveS?
CEFR ganasxvavebs pirovnul zogad kompetencias (codna, unari da eg-
zistencialuri kompetencia) komunikaciuri kompetenciisagan.
2. 1. individualuri zogadi kompetencia
frangulis, rogorc ucxo enis, am saxelmZRvanelos momxmarebelTa indi-
vidualuri zogadi kompetencia sakmaod maRalia sazogadoebis Sesaxeb codnis
TvalsazrisiT (igulisxmeba macxovreblebisa da mflobelebis uflebebi da
movaleobebi da misT.), unarebi (saxelmZRvanelo uSvebs, rom momxmareblebma
ician, Tu rogor wamoayenon pretenzia da misT.) da egzistencialuri kompeten-
cia (momxmareblebs moeTxovebaT scenebis gaTamaSeba saxlis mepatronesa da mo-
binadreebs Soris, rac moiTxovs garkveul risks da garkveul urTierTda-
mokidebulebas SemswavlelTa Soris). rasakvirvelia, es winapiroba pirdapir
unda Seesabamebodes momxmareblis maxasiaTeblebs (konteqsti, romelSic gamo-
yenebulia saxelmZRvanelo). Tu am gverdebis Sinaarsebs SeviswavliT socio-
lingvisturi codnis gadacemis TvalsazrisiT, romelic dakavSirebulia fran-
gulis swavlebasTan, davinaxavT, rom sakiTxebi, romelTac ganixilaven, aris
saxlis daqiravebis SesaZlebloba zRvis piras zafxulSi, dakisrebuli gadas-
axadi, silamazeebis Zieba, xalxis dakavSirebis sirTule agvistoSi (tradiciu-
lad dasvenebis Tve) da, albaT, samwuxarod, dasvenebis adgilebSi gavrcele-
buli xulignobebi, ris Taobazec unda gavafrTxiloT turistebi. Tumca, es
ukanaskneli sastumros dasvenebis idiliuri suraTiT iwyeba.
2. 2. komunikaciuri kompetencia
am ormag gverdze komunikaciuri kompetenciis ganviTareba moicavs mis sam
komponentze muSaobas:
a) enobrivi komponenti, anu
- gramatikuli kompetencia: iswavlon, Tu rogor Camoayalibon warsuli
usruli dro da gamoiyenon is komunikaciuri amocanebisaTvis, ro-
melic moiTxovs am drois gamoyenebas (mowyenilobis gamoxatva wina
Tvis mudmivi diskomfortis Sesaxeb, werilobiTi gadmocema, Tu rogor
Caiara axlaxan damTavrebulma ardadegebma sastumroSi);
- fonologiuri da orTografiuli kompetenciebi: bgeris akustikuri da
grafikuli urTierTdakavSireba;
18
- leqsikuri kompetencia: aq weriTi amocana codnis gamdidrebas
emsaxureba.
b) sociolingvisturi komponenti
mocemuli ori teqsti (mosmenili dialogi da momxmareblebis mier Seqm-
nili dialogi) saSualebas iZleva, iswavlon zrdilobiani qceva satelefono
saubrisas megobarTan Tu ucxosTan. weriTi davaleba momxmareblebs weris we-
sebs aswavlis, rodesac adgili aqvs pirad komunikacias misTvis Zalian axlo
pirovnebasTan.
`sociolingvisturi kompetencia exeba enis gamoyenebis socialuri gan-
zomilebebisTvis aucilebel codnasa da unarebs (...): socialuri urTierTobebis
lingvistur niSnebs; Tavazian qcevas; xalxuri sibrZnis gamonaTqvamebs; Canaw-
eris gansxvavebebs; dialeqtsa da aqcents~ (CEFR, gv. 118).
g) pragmatuli komponenti
miuxedavad imisa, rom am gadaRebul gverdze detalurad ar ganixileba es
komponenti, is gvxvdeba sul mcire or SemTxvevaSi: mokle sapirispiro ga-
moxatulebebisgan Semdgar werilobiTi teqstSi da urTierTgacvliT martiv
verbalur modelebSi:
`ganixileba pragmatuli kompetenciebi momxmareblis / Semswavlelis mier
im principebis codniT, romlis Setyobinebaa:
a) organizebuli, struqturuli da mowesrigebuli (`msjelobis kompe-
tencia~);
b) gamoyenebulia komunikaciuri funqciebis Sesasruleblad (`funqciuri
kompetencia~);
g) awyobilia interaqtiuli da tranzaqciuli sqemis mixedviT (`Seqmnis
kompetencia~). (CEFR; gv. 123).
19
ra SeiZleba aqedan iswavlos enis maswavlebelma?
sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli Sexedulebis sapirispirod, komuni-
kaciuri midgoma, romelic mocemulia CEFR-Si, ar adgens da ar
afasebs enis Tanmimdevrul Seswavlas. gagebis an gamoTqmis
aqtivobebi, komunikaciuri davalebebis saSualebiT, mWidrod aris
dakavSirebuli kompetenciebis ganviTarebaze, rac warmoadgens pro-
gresis yvelaze martiv gzas. CEFR-is sargeblianoba Segvaxsenebs,
rom kompetenciebi icvlebian bunebrivad da yvela maTgani exmareba
moswavlis warmatebas. enis maswavleblebs amis gamo SeuZliaT sa-
kuTar Tavs Semdegi kiTxvebi dausvan maTi swavlebis praqtikisa da
masalis Sesaxeb:
• ra wvlilia Setanili moswavlis individualuri zogadi kompe-
tenciis gasaviTareblad? magaliTad, ra doneze uwyobs xels
moswavles samuSaos socialuri formebi, dasmuli amocanebi da
Sesworeba / Sefasebis praqtika imisTvis, rom man salaparako da
werilobiT gamoxatvaSi gariskos, romelic egzistencialuri
kompetenciis mniSvnelovani komponentia, Tu progresi unda Seim-
Cneodes Tanamedrove enaSi?
• marTla mivyavarT Tu ara aRniSnul aqtivobebs komunikaciuri
kompetenciebis sxvadasxva komponentis gaumjobesebamde?
• komunikaciuri kompetenciebis ganviTareba mniSvnelovnad moicavs
Tu ara socialur da pragmatul komponentebs?
3. enobrivi aqtivobebi swavlebis meTodur centrSi
mniSvnelovani enobrivi aqtivobebia:
- smeniTi aRqma;
- vizualuri aRqma;
- metyvelebis interaqtivi (dialogur situaciaSi);
- metyvelebis warmoqmna (aRwera, wardgena, Txroba da misT.);
- werilobiTi gamoxatva (moxseneba, statia da misT.);
CEFR moicavs:
- weriT interaqtivs (el-fostebi da misT);
- Suamdgomlobas erTi da imave mosaubris mier or enas Soris an or
pirovnebas Soris, romlebic erTsa da imave enaze an or sxvadasxva
enaze metyveleben.
frangulis, rogorc ucxo enis am saxelmZRvaneloSi ena iswavleba eno-
brivi aqtivobebis mimdinareobiT: Tavdapirvelad - smeniTi aRqma, Cawerili
satelefono saubris mosmenaze dayrdnobiT; Semdeg laparakiT urTierToba
dialogis Seqmnisas imave saganze, magram sxvadasxva pirovnebas Soris, binis
gaqiravebis reklamis vizualuri aRqma; weriTi aqtivoba: ardadegebis Sesaxeb
monaTxrobi werilis formiT. garkveuli enobrivi aqtivobebi am or gverdze ar
warmoadgens treningis sagans: sxvaTa Soris, SuamdgomlobiTi aqtivoba enebs
Soris an ramdenime pirovnebas Soris ar arsebobs (informaciis nawilis gada-
cema mesame pirisTvis, Targmna, informaciis perifrazireba meore enaze da
misT.), amasTanave, ar aris saubris gamarTva (movlenaTa aRwera da misT.).
TiToeuli enobrivi aqtivoba damoukideblad mimdinareobs. magaliTad,
saxelmZRvanelo ar gvirCevs aranair zepir komentars mosmenili satelefono
saubris Sinaarsze, romliTac iqmneboda gagebisa da warmoqmnis aqtivobebis
kombinacia da, aqedan gamomdinare, urTierTdamokidebuleba maT Soris. am enebis
aRqmisa da warmoqmnis aqtivobebSi treningi mocemulia specialuri davalebebiT,
20
Tumca, naTelia kavSiri am davalebebs Soris interaqtivis formidan (ori
satelefono saubari exeba erTsa da imave sagans), aRebuli leqsikonidan da
enobrivi aspeqtebidan, romlebic miiReba instruqciebisa da salaparako situa-
ciebidan.
davalebebs Tan axlavs damatebiTi saSualebebi: pirveli dialogis Si-
naarsi moqmedebs, rogorc meore dialogis Seqmnis / warmoqmnis instruqcia da,
aqedan gamomdinare, mcirdeba davalebis sirTule; mniSvnelovani enobrivi saSu-
aleba mocemulia informaciiT arasruli drois gamosaxatavad, beWdviT rekla-
maSi mocemuli leqsikonis meSveobiT da leqsikoniT, romelic mowodebulia
weriTi davalebebis Sesasruleblad da misT; ufro metic, amocanis prog-
nozirebis xarisxi Zalian maRalia da es mniSvnelovani winapirobaa.
davaleba, romelic zrdis salaparako interaqtivis sirTules, mainc
aranairad ar aris umniSvnelo (`warmoidgine saubari Jan-luisa da saxlis pa-
trons Soris ardadegebidan misi dabrunebisas~). es ori roli ar aris Tanabrad
rTuli; maSin, roca mobinadris roli aSkarad SesaZlebelia, aRniSnul dax-
marebas daeyrdnos, mflobelis roli ar iRebs aseT daxmarebas da misi war-
matebiT Sesruleba mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs dialogis ganviTarebas.
zogierTi davaleba momxmarebels saTanado strategiebis gamoyenebas ur-
Cevs: iseTs, rogoricaa, magaliTad, codnis, unarebisa da kompetenciebis mobi-
lizeba, raTa Seasrulon es davalebebi. modiT, ganvixiloT ori aseTi strate-
gia:
- dialogis mosasmenad momzadeba dabeWdili reklamis wakiTxviT da am
teqstis gagebis mizniT davalebis Sesruleba reklamaSi aRniSnuli
saSualebebis gamoyenebiT;
- saubris warmoqmnis amocanis dagegmva dialogis mosmenisas konspeqtis
gamoyenebiT da davalebis Sesruleba konspeqtis mixedviT. rolis Ses-
ruleba SeiZleba gakontroldes reklamis SinaarsiT.
ra SeiZleba aqedan iswavlos enis maswavlebelma?
gansxvaveba, romelic CEFR-ma gaavlo kompetenciebs Soris, enobrivi
aqtivobebi da komunikaciuri davalebebi unda daexmaros enis mas-
wavleblebs SemdgomSi:
- naTlad aRiqvan kavSiri kompetenciasa da aqtivobas Soris; kom-
petenciebi SesaZlebelia gaaqtiurdes da Sefasdes mxolod gage-
biT, Suamdgomlobis aqtivobebis gamoxatviT;
- ganasxvaos enis gamoxatviTi aqtivobebi, kerZod, sametyvelo kon-
teqstSi, interaqtiul situaciebSi da warmoqmnaSi (sxvadasxva
konteqstebSi, samuSaos socialur formebSi, davalebebsa da Se-
fasebis kriteriumebSi);
- gaaanalizos am sxvadasxva aqtivobis kombinaciebi amocanebSi,
romlebsac sTxoven TavianT moswavleebs;
- yuradReba dauTmon strategiis SemuSavebas, rac aucilebelia
uCveulo davalebebisaTvis.
21
am gadaRebul gverdze dayrdnobiT, frangulis, rogorc ucxo enis sax-
elmZRvanelos struqtura erTob damokidebulia enobriv progresze da da-
balansebul mecadineobaze sxvadasxva enobriv aqtivobaSi. am kursSi mocemuli
Temebi da Sesrulebuli komunikaciuri davalebebi cdiloben zrdasruli sa-
zogadoebis savaraudo moTxovnilebebi daakmayofilon am tipis swavlebisaTvis
mcire drois daTmobiT.
daskvna
Zalian saeWvoa, rom am aRweris wakiTxvam yvela mkiTxvels daamaxsovra
CEFR-is mier SemoTavazebuli terminologia da kategoriebi. isini kidev erTxel
iqneba gamoyenebuli aRweriT amonaridebSi sxva saxelmZRvaneloebidan Semdgom
TavebSi.
mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos,
rom saswavlo Sinaarsi mWidrod aris dakavSire-
buli konteqstTan (swavlebis mimRebTa maxasiaTe-
blebi da moTxovnilebebi, swavlis materialuri
konteqsti da a. S.) da SeiZleba aRwerili iyos
kursSi mocemuli interesebis dazustebiT (person-
aluri, sazogado, samsaxureobrivi, saganmanaTle-
blo), gare situaciebiT, romlebSic davalebebis
moTxovna xdeba, Sesabamisi TemebiT da gadacemuli
sociolingvisturi codniT;
rom CEFR-i ganarCevs individualur zogad kompe-
tencias da komunikaciur kompetencias da es
ukanaskneli iyofa enobriv, sociolingvistur da
pragmatul kompetenciebad;
rom enis aqtivobebi gansxvavdebian imisda mixedviT,
exebian Tu ara aRqmasa da warmoqmnas, da warmoqmnis
aqtivobebs, imis mixedviT, maT adgili aqvT in-
teraqtiulad Tu uwyvetad;
rom komunikaciuri davalebebis Sesruleba moiTxovs
strategiebs, romlebic imave meTodiT unda ganvi-
Tardnen, rogorc kompetenciebi.
konteqsti interesebi gare situaciebi Temebi
individualuri zogadi kompetenciebi komunikaciuri kompetenciebi: - lingvisturi - sociolingvisturi - pragmatuli
enobrivi aqtivobebi (weriTi da zepiri): - gageba - warmoqmna - Suamdgomloba
komunikaciuri dava- lebebis strategiebi
22
Tavi 2 !
rnfefcb{f!psjfoujsfcvmj!njehpnb!!Ubobnfespwf!fofcjt!txbwmbTj!
!
CEFR-i xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom es ar aris instruqcia. is rekomendacias
ar uwevs konkretuli lingvisturi skolis an Tanamedrove enebis swavlebis
specifikuri midgomis miRebas. Tumca yvelam viciT, rom analizuri badis an
terminologiis miReba ar aris neitraluri qmedeba. mas bunebrivad mivyavarT
swavlebisa da swavlis konkretul Sexedulebamde. CEFR-is mier Semotanili
gansxvaveba sxvadasxva enis aqtivobebs Soris (gageba da gamoxatva salaparako
da weriT konteqstebSi, Suamdgomloba) aucileblad warmoSobs aseTi gansxvave-
bis saWiroebas swavlaSi, treningsa da SefasebaSi.
1. ra aris sakomunikacio amocana?
am TavSi unda gamovikvlioT CEFR-is mier aRniSnuli swavlebis koncef-
ciis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi, ramdenadac faqtobrivad mTeli evropis sabWo
muSaobs am sferoSi, kerZod `aqtivobaze orientirebul midgomaze~ Tanamedrove
enebis swavlasa da swavlebaSi.
aqtivobaze orientirebuli midgoma enis momxmareblebs (da Semswav-
lelebs) `socialur agentebad~' gansazRvravs, anu sazogadoebis wevrebad, ro-
melTac aqvT davalebebi [....] mocemul pirobebSi, specifikur garemosa da mo-
qmedebis konkretul sferoSi (CEFR, gv. 9). `amocana ganmartebulia nebismier gamiznul qmedebad, romelic individis
mier aucilebladaa miCneuli, raTa miRweul iqnes mocemuli Sedegi gadasawy-
veti problemis konteqstSi, valdebuleba, romelic unda Sesruldes an mizani,
romelic unda iqnes miRweuli (CEFR, gv. 10). I TavSi moyvanili ideebis Tanmimdevruloba kvlav ZalaSia. CEFR-Si gaer-Tianebuli enis swavlebisa da swavlis Sexeduleba upiratesobas aniWebs amo-
canebs, romlebic moicaven erT an met enobriv aqtivobas, romlisTvisac mobi-
lizdebian socialuri agentebi, SeZenili strategiebis, maTi individualuri
zogadi kompetenciebis (garemos codna da sociolingvisturi codna, qcevebi da
misT.) da maTi sakomunikacio kompetenciebis mixedviT (lingvisturi, socioling-
visturi da pragmatuli).
mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom amocana arsebobs mxolod maSin, Tu
qmedeba motivirebulia mizniT an saWiroebiT, iqneba es personaluri, Tu swav-
lis situaciiT warmoqmnili _ Tu moswavle naTlad aRiqvams miRweul mizans da
Tu aseT qmedebas mivyavarT SesamCnev Sedegamde. Sexeduleba, ra Tqma unda,
dauyovnebliv icvleba pedagogikis proeqtisken, romelic, cxadia, yvelaze war-
matebuli aqtivobaze-orientirebuli midgomaa. miuxedavad amisa, sakomunikacio
amocanisTvis miniWebuli centraluri adgili exeba yvela pedagogiur qmedebas.
modiT, SevadaroT ori amonaweri (gadaRebuli qvemoT) espanuri saxel-
mZRvanelos imave Tavidan:
23
orive SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs salaparako Setyobinebis miRebis aqtivo-
basTan. magram analogia aq mTavrdeba.
maSinve aRmoCndeba, rom meore amonawers ar aqvs sakomunikacio amocanis
maxasiaTeblebi. moswavleebis aqtivobas namdvilad iTxoven (sityvebis siis mi-
mateba), magram es mxolod formis sakiTxia. SeuZlebelia realuri cxovrebi-
seuli situaciis gamoyofa, romelic moswavleebSi bgeris amocnobis saWiroebas
Seqmnida, rac aRniSnuli iyo mosmenil frazebSi.
miuxedavad amisa, pirveli amonaridis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa amocanaze
laparaki, radganac amocana eyrdnoba mosmenili gamonaTqvamebis mniSvnelobas;
micemuli instruqcia aris kargad cnobili aqtivobis msgavsi, romelic stimuls
aZlevs moswavlis interesebs. msgavsad amisa, cxadia, Sedegs aqvs ufro meti
sakomunikacio mniSvneloba, vidre meore amonarids, radganac is Seicavs in-
struqciebis strofSi modificirebas.
es ar iqneboda siurprizi arc erTi Tanamedrove enis maswavleblisaTvis
da ukve gvaqvs mravalricxovani warmatebuli sakomunikacio amocanebis ma-
galiTi, romlebic xelmisawvdomia maswavleblebisaTvis. unda SemovifargloT
eqvsi magaliTiT dawyebuli dawyebiTi skolidan, saSualo skolis damTavre-
bamde.
2. amocanebis magaliTebi Tanamedrove enebis saxelmZRvaneloebSi
aq Cven uyoymanod Seg-
viZlia vilaparakoT amocanaze,
radgan Sedegi amocnobadia (saSo-
bao werili Tovlis babuasTan) da
situacia gansazRvrulia (mimRebi
aris nacnobi da werilis damweri
wers sakuTari saxeliT). moswav-
leebs sTavazoben daweron
namdvili werili, romelic
faqtobrivad Semdeg SeiZleba
gaigzavnos.
24
am asakis moswavleTa umravlesoba mocemul amocanas Tundac iumoriTa
da ganyenebuli SexedulebiT rom udgebodes, Tovlis babuasadmi gagzavnili
werili mainc kulturuli realobaa.
situacia sakmaod hgavs sinamdviles da satelefono saubari, romelic
unda Sedges, motivirebulia misi mniSvnelobiT. moswavleebma unda daadginon im
pirovnebis identoba, romelsac ukavSirdebian, darwmundnen, rom isini marTlac
dakarguli nivTis patrons elaparakebian da Tanxmdebian misi dabrunebis gzebsa
da saSualebebze.
am amocanis Sesruleba romc ar qmnides werilobiT produqcias, Sedegi
naTelia.
warwera suraTze: rolis gaTamaSeba: ikamaTeT Tqvens SemTxvevaze!
Tqven xarT amerikis saSualo skolis moswavle. Tqven gaqvT socialur mecniere-
baTa proeqti, romelSic unda gamoimuSaoT sul mcire 5 rCeva Zaladobis Semcire-
bisTvis an Tavidan asacileblad. msjelobT sakuTar ideebze Tqvens klaselTan, ro-
melsac proeqtze gansxvavebuli azri aqvs. orives gsurT iaraRiT Zaladobis aRk-
veTa, magram ver TanxmdebiT misi Semcirebis gzebze.
1. gadawyviteT, Tu romel rols iTamaSebT:
• Tqven xarT iaraRis momxre. Tqven xarT msrolelTa erovnuli asociaciis
(NRA) mxardamWeri;
• Tqven xarT iaraRis winaaRmdegi. gsurT iaraRze ufro meti kontrolis
daweseba;
2. moamzadeT Tqveni argumentebi:
• SearCieT ramdenime magaliTi, raTa aRweroT isini;
3. iTamaSeT Tqveni roli.
25
moswavleebs sTavazoben, monawileoba miiRon arsebul Temaze gamarTul
debatebSi. urTierTgacvlis Sedegi ucnobia da is damokidebuli iqneba Ti-
Toeuli moswavlis mier Sesrulebul davalebaze. rodesac rolebi gairCeva,
moswavleebs SeuZliaT daicvan piradi pozicia, an gaiTamaSon gamogonebuli
roli. yvela SemTxvevaSi maT unda gaiTvaliswinon meore pirovneba imisaTvis,
rom Seasrulon davaleba.
teqstSi informaciis
moZiebam unda migviyvanos
gansazRvrul Sedegamde,
romelic teqstSi arse-
bul mniSvnelobas moi-
cavs, romelic ikiTxeba
moswavlis yuradRebis
gamaxvilebiT Sesabamis
informaciaze.
aqac davaleba gamiznulia mosa-
lodnel Sedegze, werilobiTi teqstis
xelaxla agebaze qronologiis mixed-
viT. miuxedavad imisa, rom am savar-
jiSos mizani orientirebulia Txrobis
qronologiuri markerebis moTavsebaze
(pragmatuli gamoxatvis kompetencia),
moswavlis yuradReba mimarTuli iqneba
paragrafebis mniSvnelobaze.
moswavleTaTvis micemuli davaleba
naTlada Camoyalibebuli. maT unda
moifiqron anketis Sedgena kompi-
uteris gamoyenebiT. sruldeba ori
kriteriumi: mniSvnelobaze SeTanx-
meba da savaraudo. analizi
26
3. rogor SeiZleba gaanalizdes sakomunikacio davaleba?
aSkara da naTelia, rom zemoT moyvanil amocanebs ufro axlodan gan-
vixilavT - Cven ucvlelad saqme gvaqvs ramdenime mimarTulebis kombinaciasTan,
esenia: zogadi da sakomunikacio kompetenciebi, enis aRqmis an warmoqmnis
aqtivobebi, domenebi da Temebi, gamoyenebuli strategiebi da amocanebi. is, Tu
romeli mimarTuleba sWarbobs, damokidebulia SemTxvevaze, romelic moqmedebs
moTxovnaze, rom unda iyos davaleba Tavisi miznebiT da gamocnobadi SedegiT.
saSualo skolis damamTavrebeli klasebis inglisuris ori sax-
elmZRvanelodan qvemoT moyvanil nawyvetebSi naTelia, rom mniSvnelovania wer-
ilobiTi sityvis gagebis strategiis ganviTareba Going Places-is SemTxvevaSi da
laparakis gamoxatva komentarebis XL cxrilSi.
unda CamovayaliboT hipoTeza situaciisa da Cveni
warmodgenis safuZvelze.
teqsti naxatze: Sens SeniSvnebze . . .
1. - gamoiyene ori foto SenTvis sasurveli TanmimdevrobiT, Seqmeni gogos istoria.
2. - daakavSire istoria am nawyvetisa da wignis saTaurTan.
aq gadmotanili strategia Temis safuZvladaa aRe-
buli, imis mixedviT, rogorc mocemulia suraTSi;
Semdeg ki mxatvris ganzraxvis amocnoba.
XL, gv. 134
sxvadasxva mimarTulebas Soris balansi, romelic warmodgenilia or
nawyvetSi, SesaZloa aRiweros sqematuri formiT:
27
kombinaciam SesaZloa sxva mimarTulebebis sasargeblod imuSaos, magali-
Tad, qvemoT moyvanil or nawyvetSi lingvisturi kompetenciis sasargeblod _
Zalian gansxvavebul formebSi da Zalian gansxvavebuli miznebiT:
28
Semdeg or nawyvetSi SegviZlia vnaxoT, rom prioriteti mieniWa prag-
matul kompetencias: funqciuri kompetencia frangulis saxelmZRvanelosaTvis
da logikuri kompetencia italiuris saxelmZRvaneloSi.
29
bolo magaliTSi mizanSewonilia vifiqroT, rom upiratesoba mieniWa
ganxilvis Temebs.
aq saqme gvaqvs informaciis moZiebasTan cxrilis gamoyenebiTurT. Ziebis
Sedegi moswavleebs saSualebas unda aZlevdes, ganaviTaron aq moyvanili Temebi.
30
gansxvavebuli balansi sxvadasxva mimarTulebas Soris saSualebas
iZleva, gaviTvaliswinoT swavlebis miznebi da moswavleebis miswrafebebi. isini
akmayofileben moTxovnas, vcvaloT midgomebi da gavamravalferovnoT mecadi-
neobebi, Tumca safrTxes ar uqmnian amocanis arsebobas, rac swavlebis midgomis
niSania da akmayofilebs sakomunikacio swavlebis moTxovnas. davalebis meSveo-
biT moswavleebi efeqturad aqtiurni xdebian da samuSao maT TvalSi azrs
iZens. davaleba amaRlebs maTs pasuxismgeblobas swavlis procesisadmi.
Tumca, am mcireodeni magaliTebidanac vxedavT, rom davaleba SesaZloa
Tvisebrivad icvlebodes miRweuli miznebis balansis mixedviT. is SesaZloa
iyos mTlianad sakomunikacio amocana, an piriqiT, arsobrivad _ saswavlo da-
valeba.
ra SeiZleba iswavlon aqedan enis maswavleblebma?
maT SeuZliaT gaaanalizon saswavlo masala da procedurebi,
Tu hkiTxaven sakuTar Tavs, realurad Seesabameba Tu ara amoca-
nas is samuSao, romelic moswavleebs misces? agreTve SeuZliaT
sakuTar Tavs hkiTxon - moicaven Tu ara es davalebebi zemoT
moyvanil amocanebs da Tu unda mieces upiratesoba romelimes im
mimarTulebebidan, mxolod imisaTvis, rom gaiTvaliswinon
moswavlis moTxovnilebebi. maT, SesaZloa, sasurvelad CaTvalon
klasSi Sesrulebuli davalebebis ricxvi, gaamdidron sxva amo-
canebiT, romelTa naxvac SeuZliaT enis saxelmZRvaneloebSi,
iqneba im enis saxelmZRvanelo, romliTac isini aswavlian Tu
sxva enis saxelmZRvanelo.
amrigad, Cven ganvixileT davalebebi saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi. Tumca,
naTelia, rom maswavleblebs brwyinvaled SeuZliaT Seqmnan davalebebi maTTvis
xelmisawvdomi masalebidan.
qvemoT moyvanili nawyveti exeba enis aqtivobas raime konkretuli amo-
canis gareSe. cxadia, Tu ras unda movelodeT moswavlisagan: metyvelebiTi
produqcia karikaturis Sesaxeb warwerebis gagebisa da urTierTgacvlebis
(metyvelebiTi interaqtivis) safuZvelze imisaTvisaa, raTa SevadaroT Sexedule-
bebi Sesabamis Temaze. es xdeba damxmare saSualebebiT, rac Sedgeba leqsikonis-
gan, romelic saWiroa gamoTqmebisTvis.
am karikaturis pedagogiuri gamoyene-
bisTvis amocanis Sesaqmnelad SesaZlebeli
iqneboda dagvemala Asterix albomebis
Zalian cnobili parodiis Sesavali da
moswavleebisaTvis gveTxova, xelaxla aegoT
is am teqstis daxmarebiT ise, rogorc es
aris komiqsis espanur variantSi, romelic
gadmoRebulia maswavleblis wignSi.
Semdeg SesaZlebeli iqneboda, gamogvekvlia
miznebi, Tu ratom unda surdes karikatur-
ists, daxatos aseTi Sedarebebi romSi, uZ-
veles galiasa da espaneTSi myof germanel
turists Soris.
klasisa da moswavleebis unarebze da-
mokidebulebiT, Semdeg SesaZlebeli iqne-
boda moswavleebisaTvis eTxovaT gaekeTebi-
naT an aReweraT parodia am komiqsis sxva
pasaJidan, romelsac Tavad airCevdnen.
31
iseve, rogorc samuSaos in-
struqcia aucileblad ar
aCvenebs mizans srulad, misi
arqona ar abrkolebs amoca-
nebis Sesrulebas.
4. sakomunikacio davalebebis adgili pedagogiur TanmimdevrobaSi
ra Tqma unda, saxelmZRvaneloSi davalebebi ver iqneba gamoyofili maTi
Tanmxlebi garemosagan. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, modiT, gadavxedoT germanuli
enis pirveli wlis saxelmZRvanelos.
saxelmZRvanelos am TavSi (Tavi me-8,
saxelmZRvanelos 10 Tavidan) gvaqvs Semdegi
situacia: germaneli moqmedi piri maspin-
Zlobs frang megobars. qalaqis centrSi
seirnobisas megobrebi Sedian savaWro cen-
trSi. isini iyofian, magram Tanxmdebian,
rom Sexvdebian gasasvlelSi 3.30 sT-ze.
gadaRebuli suraTi uCvenebs, rom frangi
da germaneli kargaven erTmaneTs, frangma
moqmedma pirma (romelic, bunebrivia, la-
parakobs frangulad) ar icis, ra moimo-
qmedos. saxelmZRvanelos Semdeg gverdze
gamaxvilebulia germaneli moqmedi piris
damokidebuleba da reaqciebi, romelic
icdis centris meore gasasvlelTan meore
quCaze.
saxelmZRvanelos am gverdze SemoTavazebuli treningi eyrdnoba davale-
bebis Tanmimdevrobas, romelic Cven imave analizs unda davuqvemdebaroT, rac
zemoT moyvanil SemTxvevaSia.
32
es amocanaa? pasuxi mtkicebiTia ori mizezis gamo. laparakis moTxov-
nileba motivirebulia warmodgenili situaciiT. aucilebelia situacia
avuxsnaT gamvlelebs, romelTac SeniSnes, rom am bavSvebs aqvT problema. mosa-
lodneli Sedegi aris damuSavebuli da Tanmimdevruli ganacxadi.
gamoyenebuli enobrivi aqtivoba aris sametyvelo produqcia.
misaRwevi mizani, rogorc Cans, lingvisturi kompetenciis ganviTarebaa
(warsulis gamoTqma) da pragmatuli kompetencia (rTuli problemis aRwera
mozrdilisaTvis martivi winadadebebis gadabmiT da logikuri TanmimdevrobiT).
es savarjiSoa Tu davaleba? SesaZloa aq Tamamad davsvaT kiTxva. pri-
oriteti aSkarad mieniWeba enobriv kompetencias: ganacxadis Seqmna, romelic
Seicavs damokidebul winadadebebs kavSiriT `dass~ (sie sagt, dass =is ambobs rom....), romelic moiTxovs zmnis uRlebis elements boloSi darTvas, rac germanuli
sintaqsis umniSvnelovanesi sferoa. es Sinaarsi SesaZloa Zalian daexmaros
savarjiSos keTebaSi. Tumca, aris sasargeblo situacia da enobrivi forma, ro-
melic sakmaod Seesabameba gamoxatvis situaciebs. mosalodneli Sedegi
SesaZloa iyos amocnobadi: winadadebebis Tanmimdevroba, rac logikur mTli-
anobas qmnis am situaciasTan dakavSirebiT. davalebis aucilebeli kriteriumi
aSkarad warmodgenilia.
enobrivi aqtivobebi smeniTi aRqma da metyvelebis warmoebaa; naklebad _
Suamdgomloba.
33
aq davaleba motivirebulia situa-
ciis moTxovnilebebidan gamomdinare:
maRaziaSi germaneli maspinZlis moZebnis
strategiaze SeTanxmeba, kerZod, maTi yid-
vis interesebidan gamomdinare informaciis
safuZvelze.
Sedegi aseve naTladaa dadgenili:
adgilis gamocnoba, sadac SeiZleba isini
iyvnen.
enobrivi kompetencia warmodgenilia
adgilis amsaxveli erTeulebis swavlebis
formiT, magram prioriteti pragmatul
kompetencias (swavleba ganmeorebadi mod-
eliT) da sociolingvistur codnas
(savaWro centris ZiriTadi ganyofilebebis
organizaciisa da saxelis codna sax-
elmZRvaneloSi moyvanili ilustraciebis
gamoyenebiT) eniWeba.
Sesabamisi enobrivi aqtivoba aq aris vizualuri aRqma da metyvelebiTi
interaqcia.
34
aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmZRvanelos es gverdi eyrdnoba sxvadasxva
amocanas, kompetenciebisa da aqtivobebis kombinaciebis saxesxvaobebis gamoyene-
biT. aqtivobis blokis fragmentaciis Tavidan asacileblad, enobrivi aqtivobebi
(aRqma da warmoqmna) realobasTan axlos mdgomi amocanebis saxiT tardeba, ro-
melTa Tanmimdevroba gansazRvrulia ufro farTo gagebiT; kerZod, im situa-
ciis garCeviT, romelic SesaZloa moswavlis momavali gamocdilebis nawili
gaxdes. faqtobrivi treningis savarjiSoebi gagebisa da warmoqmnis aqtivobebSi
ar iqmneba saxelmZRvanelos avtoris mier, arc moswavleebis mieraa aRqmuli
srulad, aramed es aris problemis gadaWris mcdeloba, romelic SesaZloa
moswavlis realur cxovrebiseul gamocdilebaSi warmoiSvas. SesaZloa erT da-
valebaze vimsjeloT Sesrulebuli mTeli rigi mikrodavalebebis meSveobiT.
am gverdze warmodgenili gakveTilis Catareba SesaZloa davasaTauroT,
rogorc `xelmZRvaneloba davalebiT~.
miuxedavad amisa, es ar xdeba sakomunikacio kompetenciebis (enobrivi, so-
ciolingvisturi, pragmatuli) xarjze, radganac rogorc Cven vnaxeT, isini ga-
moyenebulia davalebebis Sesasruleblad da radganac es saxelmZRvanelo
Zalian skurpulozulia, Tavebis mixedviT gramatikuli progresirebis Tval-
sazrisiTac iqneba gamoyenebuli.
imisaTvis, rom davadginoT, Tu ra etaps mivaRwieT, es gverdi Sedarebuli
iqneba germanulis sxva saxelmZRvanelosTan imave klasisTvis, daTariRebuli
1981 wlidan da aRebuli erTad, rasac sruliad sxvadasxvagvarad ganixilaven.
35
gadaRebuli nawyveti warmoadgens or moqmed pirs cocxal da iumoris-
tul dialogSi, romelic dawerilia avtoris mier warmosadgenad da meore
gverdze gramatikuli axsnebiT (zmnis jgufis nauRlebi formis adgili) moce-
muli Temis moswavleebis mier gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva. is moicavs so-
ciolingvistur codnasac (Cais oTaxebi germaniaSi).
am ori gverdis kiTxva, germanuli saxelmZRvanelos gavlis Semdeg, ga-
moaaSkaravebs samuSao instruqciebis ararsebobas dialogebTan dakavSirebiT. es
institutebi nebismier SemTxvevaSi zedmeti iyo, radgan gakveTilis `normaluri~
Catareba Sedgeba fiqsirebuli etapebisagan, kerZod, dialogis mosmenisa da misi
Sinaarsis gadmocemisagan maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT, romelic moswavlis
mier moqmedi pirebis qcevis komentirebas miesalmeba. dialogis konkretulma
warmatebam moswavleebi unda miiyvanos mdidar da gasarTob urTierTgacvle-
bamde '`tante evasTan~ mimarTebaSi, romelic ise iqceva, TiTqos nerviulobdes
misi figurisa da Cais oTaxSi morTmeuli yinulis xarisxis Sesaxeb da romelic
misi Tanamosaubris mier Tavazianad da dadasturebiT ukveTavs namcxvars, aseve
nayinsac. enis gamoyeneba xdeba bunebrivad. es ormagi gverdi brwyinvaled Seesa-
bameba im dros gamoyenebul meTodologias.
SegviZlia Cven visaubroT sakomunikacio davalebaze?
es saxelmZRvanelo efeqturad akmayofilebs sakomunikacio sagnis gamo-
yenebis moTxovnilebas or situaciaSi: is, rom maswavlebeli marTavs realuri
komunikaciis Seqmnas jgufSi am dokumentTan dakavSirebiT da rom is moelis
Sedegs, magaliTad _ dafaze daweriT. miuxedavad amisa, Tundac am SemTxvevaSi,
amocana darCeba isev Zalian xelovnuri, radgan TvalsaCino Sedegi (dafaze daw-
erili) ar iqneba realurad am davalebis Sesrulebis mizezi, aramed is
umeteswilad xels Seuwyobs urTierTgacvlebs.
miuxedavad amisa, maleve xdeba naTeli, rom es ori nawyveti uCvenebs mra-
val gansxvavebas. Cven ukve gavamaxvileT yuradReba, rom davalebebi formu-
lirebulia radikalurad gansxvavebuli meTodiT: gamoxatvis situaciebSi enis
gamoyenebis simulireba ucxo qveyanaSi sxvadasxva TanamosaubresTan da cvale-
badi salaparako miznebiT Aufwind -Si da `pedagogiuri davaleba~ meore
SemTxvevaSi lingvisturi da sociolingvisturi kompetenciebis erTi gamoxatvis
situaciuri SemofargvliT.
meore mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba exeba enobriv aqtivobebs, romlebic
tardeba:
- specifikuri treningebiT sxvadasxva enobrivi aqtivobebiT Aufwind-Si; - smeniTi, vizualuri aRqmisa da salaparako interaqtivis SeerTebiT
Hallo Freunde-Si. aq Cven gvaqvs is, rac udavod warmoadgens CEFR-is mier enis swavlebaSi
Setanil wvlils: mas aqcenti gadaaqvs davalebis Sesrulebasa da erT an met
enobriv aqtivobas Soris kombinaciaze; is aRniSnavs situaciebis namdvilobis
mniSvnelobas moswavleebis sakomunikacio moTxovnilebebTan dakavSirebiT.
36
Tavi 3
{phbej!Tfgbtfcjt!epoffcjt!tlbmb!!
!1. zogadi Sefasebis doneebis miReba oficialur teqstebSi
CEFR-is swrafi warmateba rogorc evropaSi, aseve safrangeTSi,
gamowveulia ZiriTadad misi enobrivi kompetenciis doneebis skalis
SemoTavazebiT, romelic saerToa yvela enisTvis, institutebisa da evropuli
qveynebisaTvis.
rogorc Cven ukve vnaxeT, CEFR-is mizani aris evropaSi Tanamedrove ene-
bis sferoSi gamWvirvalobis mxardaWera. aqedan gamomdinare, gasakviri ar iqneba,
rom doneebis skala Senobis qvakuTxedad miviCnioT.
skala Sedgeba sami nawilisagan:
- ZiriTadi: A done
- damoukidebeli: B done - kvalificiuri: C done TiToeuli nawili, Tavis mxriv, gayofilia or doned, I da II done. aqedan gamomdinare, ukve SegviZlia visaubroT 6-donian skalaze.
ZiriTadi
momxmarebeli
damoukidebeli
momxmarebeli
kvalificiuri
momxmarebeli
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
A1 SeuZlia advilad gaigos virtualurad yvelaferi mosmenili an wakiTxuli. SeuZlia Sea-
jamos sxvadasxva zepiri informacia da werilobiTi wyaroebidan, moiyvanos argumentebi da
axsnas logikuri saxiT. SeuZlia sakuTari Tavi spontanurad gamoavlinos, Zalian Tavisu-
flad da garkveviT gamoarCios azri, Tundac ufro rTul situaciebSi.
ZiriTadi
momxmarebeli
A2 SeuZlia gaigos farTo speqtris rTuli, ufro grZeli teqstebi da gamoicnos zusti
mniSvneloba. SeuZlia sakuTari Tavi gamoavlinos Tavisuflad da spontanurad gamoTqmebis
Ria da aSkara Ziebis gareSe. SeuZlia ena gamoiyenos moqnilad da efeqturad socialuri,
akademiuri da profesiuli miznebisTvis. SeuZlia Seqmnas naTeli, kargad awyobili, deta-
luri teqsti rTul sagnebze, organizaciuli formebis, kavSirebisa da urTierTdakavSire-
buli meqanizmebi.
B1 SeuZlia gaigos rTuli teqstebis ZiriTadi azrebi rogorc konkretul, aseve abstraqtul
Temebze, misi specializaciis teqnikuri saubrebis CaTvliT. SeuZlia urTierToba Tavisu-
flebisa da spontanurobis sakmaod maRali xarisxiT, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva urTier-
Toba daamyaros mkvidr molaparakesTan daZabvis gareSe. SeuZlia mkafio da detaluri
teqstis Seqmna sagnebis farTo CamonaTvalze da Tematur sakiTxze Sexedulebis axsna,
sxvadasxva versiebis upiratesobebisa da naklovanebebis CvenebiT.
damoukidebeli
momxmarebeli
B2 SeuZlia gaigos standartuli informaciis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi nacnob sakiTxebze, romleb-
sac regularulad xvdeba samsaxurSi, skolaSi, dasvenebisas da misT. situaciaTa umravle-
sobaSi; situaciebSi, romlebic im adgilebSi mogzaurobisas warmoiSoba, sadac am enaze
laparakoben, SeuZlia Tavis garTmeva. SeuZlia Seqmnas martivi urTierTdakavSirebuli
teqstebi nacnob an piradi interesebis Temebze. SeuZlia aRweros gamocdileba da movle-
nebi, sizmrebi, imedebi da miswrafebebi da mokled axsnas Tavisi Sexedulebebisa da gegme-
bis mizezebi da gegmebi.
C1 SeuZlia gaigos winadadebebi da xSirad gamoyenebuli gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic dakavSire-
bulia uSualo kavSirebTan (anu yvelaze ZiriTadi piradi da ojaxuri informacia, say-
idlebi, adgilobrivi geografia, dasaqmeba). SeuZlia komunikacia martiv da rutinul amo-
canebSi, romlebic moiTxoven nacnob da rutinul sakiTxebze informaciis martiv d pir-
dapir gacvlas. martivi terminebiT SeuZlia aRweros misi warmoSobis, uSualo garemos
aspeqtebi da piradi moTxovnilebebis sferoebi.
kvalificiuri
momxmarebeli
C2 SeuZlia gaigos da gamoiyenos nacnobi yoveldRiuri gamoTqmebi da Zalian zogadi frazebi,
romlebic gamiznulia konkretuli tipis moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad. SeuZlia
sakuTari Tavisa da sxvebis wardgena da SeuZlia dasvas kiTxvebi da upasuxos personalur
detalebze, rogoricaa: sad cxovrobs, vis icnobs da ra nivTebi aqvs mas. SeuZlia martivad
saubari im pirobiT, rom meore piri ilaparakebs nela da garkveviT da mzadaa dasaxmare-
blad.
zogadi Sefasebis doneebi: globaluri skala (CEFR, gv. 24)
37
am skalis mniSvneloba nebismieri enis maswavleblisaTvis xdeba naTeli
oficialuri teqstebis Seswavlis Semdeg, romelsac mimarTaven evropis
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. magaliTad, safrangeTSi am Sefasebebs vxvdebiT yvelgan,
ise, rogorc es naCvenebia qvemoT enis swavlebis miznebsa da enis codnis
moTxovnilebebSi.
a) 2002 wlidan, Tanamedrove enis silabusebi adgenen swavlebis miznebs,
CEFR-is skalis mixedviT:
es cxrili damtkicebulia 2005 wlis 22 agvistos brZanebulebiT skolebSi
Tanamedrove enebis swavlebaze. I statia ganmartavs pasuxismgeblobebs:
`moswavleebis mosalodneli gawafuloba skolebSi, kolejebsa da lice-
umebSi, romlebic eqvemdebarebian sajaro da kerZo ganaTlebis sistemebs,
fiqsirebulia kvlificiurobis donis Sefasebis sistemis mixedviT am brZanebis
danarTSi Semdegnairad:
a) dawyebiTi swavlis bolos, A1 done Seswavlili Tanamedrove enebisT-
vis;
savaldebulo skolis bolos, B1 done pirveli Seswavlili Tanamedrove
enisTvis da A2 done meore Seswavlili Tanamedrove enisTvis;
saSualo skolis bolos B2 done pirveli Seswavlili Tanamedrove enisT-
vis da B1 done meore Seswavlili Tanamedrove enisTvis.
Tanamedrove enebis silabusebi da swavlebis meTodebi gansazRvrulia am
obieqtebTan SesabamisobaSi. (Journal Officiel No 197 of 25 August 2005). b) winaswari proeqtis Sesrulebis maCveneblebi `saskolo ganaTlebisTvis~
- organuli kanoni finansuri kanonebis mixedviT - romlebic gansazRvraven sax-
elmwifo ganaTlebis sistemisTvis gankuTvnil saxelmwifo asambleisa da
senatis mier - moicavs Semdegs: - maCvenebeli #11, obieqti 1, programa 2: moswav-
leTa proporciuloba, romlebmac miaRwies kolejis damTavrebisas Sefasebis
evropuli sqemis B1 dones ucxo enaSi; g) teqstebi, romlebic gamoxataven kvalificiurobis dones, rac moeTxove-
baT aralingvist maswavleblebs dawyebiT skolaSi Tanamedrove enis saswav-
leblad, agreTve ganekuTvneba CEFR-s: ganakveTis kvalifikacia, romelic pasuxismgebelia Tanamedrove enebis
swavlebaze dawyebiT skolaSi: `kandidatebis mosalodneli done savaraudo
kvalifikaciisaTvis aris enebis saerTo evropuli Sefasebis sqemis B2 doneze laparakis gagebisaTvis da B1 doneze laparakiT gamoxatvisaTvis~ (2001 wlis 29
oqtombris cirkulari).
38
ucxo enaSi Tanamedrove zepiri testi aris skolebSi maswavlebelTa ay-
vanisaTvis gamarTuli konkursi: `mTeli testi Sedgenilia enebis saerTo evro-
puli Sefasebis sqemis B2 doneze sworebiT, rac Seesabameba damoukidebel momx-
marebels~ (danarTi 1, 2005 wlis 10 oqtombris brZaneba).
amis gamo, maTze dakisrebuli pasuxismgeblobis mosaxsnelad, yvela enis
maswavleblisaTvis mniSvnelovania zustad icodes, Tu ras niSnavs es doneebi.
yuradReba gamaxvilebuli unda iyos skalis mniSvnelovan aspeqtebze.
2. Sefasebis doneebi, enobrivi aRqma da sawarmoo moRvaweoba
swavlebisa da SefasebisaTvis mniSvnelovania imis gageba, rom CEFR-Si warmodgenili eqvs doned dayofa arasakmarisia. saerTo dones (magaliTad A2 an B1) naklebi azri aqvs.
moswavlis kompetenciis dones SesaZlebelia davakvirdeT mxolod eno-
brivi aqtivobebis fonze, da aqedan Sefasebis am eqvsi donis aRweris
mniSvnelobac cal-calke TiToeuli tipis enis aqtivobisTvis.
yvela enis maswavlebelma icis, rom moswavleebi Tanabrad warmatebulni
ar arian gagebasa Tu gamoxatvaSi, iqneba es weriTi Tu zepiri. Cven yvelam viciT
moswavleebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT martivad gadmoscen werilobiT moTxrobili
teqstis mniSvnelovani elementebi ucxo enaze, Tumca es ar niSnavs, rom maT
aucileblad SeuZliaT ambis gadmocema zepirad an sakuTari azris gamoxatva am
Temaze.
swored, amis gamo, CEFR yofs doneebis skalas sxvadasxva enobrivi
aqtivobis mixedviT: mosmena - kiTxva - wera - metyvelebiTi interaqtivi - zepiri
warmoTqma. aqedan gamomdinare, Cven viRebT TviTSefasebis bades, romelic qve-
moTaa mocemuli. am badis TiToeul blokSi CEFR warmoadgens gansazRvrebas, romelic gansxvavdeba sxva blokebis Sinaarsisgan vertikaluri RerZis gaswvriv
gamoyenebuli enis aqtivobis tipis mixedviT da horizontaluri RerZis gaswvriv
_ SeZenili kompetenciis doniT.
A2 done
SemiZlia Zalian mokle, martivi
teqstebis kiTxva. SemiZlia speci-
fikuri, savaraudo informaciis
mopoveba rogoricaa reklamebi,
prospeqtebi, meniuebi da ganrigebi
da SemiZlia martivi personaluri
werilebis gageba.
zepiri interaqtivi
me SemiZlia urTierToba
martivad im pirobiT, rom
meore piri mzad aris
naTqvami gaimeoros an misi
perefrazirebisTvis la-
parakis ufro nel tempiT
damexmaros oTxi wuTi
imis saTqmelad, ris Tqma-
sac vapireb. SemiZlia mar-
tivi kiTxvebis dasma da
pasuxis gacema uSualo
moTxovnilebebis
sferoebSi an Zalian nac-
nob Temebze.
SemiZlia urTierToba martiv da
rutinul amocanebze, romlebic
moiTxoven informaciis martiv da
uSualo gacvlas gavrcelebul
Temebze da aqtivobebze. SemiZlia
Tavi gavarTva Zalian martiv so-
cialur gacvlebs, miuxedavad
imisa, rom yovelTvis ar SemiZlia
sakmarisad gavigo imisTvis, rom
saubari ganvagrZo.
SemiZlia Tavi gavarTva
situaciaTa umravlesobas,
romlebic warmoiSveba im
teritoriebze mog-
zaurobisas, sadac am enas
laparakoben. SemiZlia
moumzadeblad Sevide
saubarSi Temebze, romle-
bic nacnobia, piradi in-
teresebis an yoveldRiuri
cxovrebisTvis Sesabamisi
(anu ojaxi, hobi,
samsaxuri, mogzauroba da
mimdinare movlenebi).
SemiZlia gamoviyeno rigi fraze-
bisa da winadadebebisa, raTa mar-
tivi terminebiT aRvwero Cemi
ojaxi da sxva xalxi, sacxovre-
beli pirobebi, Cemi ganaTlebis
safuZveli da Cemi axlandeli an
yvelaze bolo samsaxuri.
39
amis gamo, moswavlis kompetenciis done SesaZlebelia dadgindes cal-
calke TiToeul aqtivobaSi misi unaris mixedviT.
magaliTad, erTi da igive pirovneba sakmaod kanonierad da bunebrivad
SeiZleba Sefasdes A2 doneze vizualur aRqmaSi da A1 doneze _ weriT ga-
moxatvaSi erTsa da imave enaSi. konkretul situaciebSi, romlebic dakavSire-
bulia enis TvisebebTan an specifikur moTxovnilebebTan am enis gamoyenebasTan
dakavSirebiT, pirovneba SeiZleba iyos nawilobriv kompetenturi mocemul enaSi.
magaliTad, mezobel enebSi (romauli da tevtonuri enebi). zogjer SeiZleba ise
moxdes, rom moswavleebs, romlebmac ena iswavles erTi enobrivi ojaxisadmi
mikuTvnebiT, maT kompetencias umateben imave ojaxis meore enaSi vizualuri
aRqmis martivi SeswavliT. swavlis sxvadasxva tipebis, piradi saqmianobebis Tu
samsaxurebis moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad moswavleebma an studentebma
SesaZlebelia gadawyviton, koncentracia moaxdinon erT enobriv aqtivobaze,
vidre meoreze da, amgvarad, gamoavlinon sakmao disbalansi aRqmis Tu war-
moqmnis miRweul doneebs Soris, iqneba es zepiri Tu weriTi.
sxvadasxva enobriv aqtivobaSi kompetenciis doneebs Soris disbalansi
bunebrivad unda miviRoT. es asimetria ar aris dabrkoleba, aramed SesaZlebe-
lia swavlis biZgad iqces. swavlebis Tanmimdevrobebi metad mravalricxovania,
kerZod, lingvistur kvalificiurobaSi gansxvavebebi imas Soris, Tu ra aris
aucilebeli gagebisTvis da ra aris aucilebeli gamoxatvisTvis.
TviTSefasebis badis wyalobiT xuT sxvadasxva sakomunikacio aqtivobaSi
amJamad enis maswavleblebs aqvT arsebuli realobis zustad Caweris saSualeba.
erTi da imave moswavlis mier miRebuli Sedegebis disbalansi, romelic xan-
daxan arasworad iTargmneba, rogorc marcxi, naklebad aris intuiciis sagani.
is axla gamoxatuli unda iyos sarwmunod da pozitiurad.
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
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ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÉÌ ÍÀÝÍÏÁÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ×ÒÀÆÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ, ÒÀÝ ÌÄ, ÜÄÌÓ ÏãÀáÓ ÃÀ ÜÄÌÓ ÀáËÏ ÂÀÒÄÌÏÝÅÀÓ ÄáÄÁÀ, ÒÏÝÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÄÁÉ ËÀÐÀÒÀÊÏÁÄÍ ÍÄËÀ ÃÀ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏÃ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÝÀËÊÄÖËÉ ×ÒÀ-ÆÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ áÛÉÒÀà áÌÀÒÄÁÄËÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ ÉÌ ÂÀÌÏÍÀÈ-ØÅÀÌÄÁÛÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÈÄÌÄÁÓ ÄáÄÁÀ (ÌÀÂ. ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉ ÉÍ×ÏÒÌÀÝÉÀ ÓÀ-ÊÖÈÀÒÉ ÈÀÅÉÓ, ÏãÀáÉÓ, ÓÀÝáÏÅ-ÒÄÁÄËÉ ÀÃÂÉËÉÓ, ÓÀÌÖÛÀÏÓ ÛÄ-ÓÀáÄÁ). ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÉÌÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ, ÈÖ ÒÀÆÄÀ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÉ ÌÏÊËÄ ÌÀÒ-ÔÉÅ, ÌÊÀ×ÉÏà ÍÀÈØÅÀÌ ÛÄÔÚÏÁÉ-ÍÄÁÄÁÓÀ ÃÀ ÂÀÍÝáÀÃÄÁÄÁÛÉ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ÍÀÈÄ-ËÉ, ÓÔÀÍÃÀÒÔÖËÉ ÌÄÔÚÅÄ-ËÄÁÉÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÉ ÀÆÒÉ, ÒÏ-ÌÄËÉÝ ÒÄÂÖËÀÒÖËÀà ÌÄÓ-ÌÉÓ ÓÀÌÓÀáÖÒÛÉ, ÓÊÏËÀÛÉ, ÃÀÓÅÄÍÄÁÉÓ ÐÄÒÉÏÃÛÉ ÃÀ À.Û. ÀÓÄÅÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÒÀÃÉÏ ÃÀ ÔÄËÄ ÐÒÏÂÒÀÌÄÁÛÉ ÜÄÌÓ ÐÉÒÀà ÃÀ ÐÒÏ×ÄÓÉÖË ÉÍÔÄ-ÒÄÓÄÁÈÀÍ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÖËÉ ÈÖ ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀÒÄ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÉ ÀÆÒÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ, ÒÏ-ÃÄÓÀÝ ÂÀÃÀÝÄÌÀ ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀ-ÒÄÏÁÓ ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ ÍÄËÀ ÃÀ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏÃ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ÅÒÝÄËÉ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀ ÈÖ ËÄØÝÉÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÛÄÉÝÀÅÓ ÒÈÖË ÀÒÂÖÌÄÍÔÄÁÓ, ÈÖÊÉ ÀÌ ÂÀ-ÌÏÓÅËÀÈÀ ÈÄÌÀÔÉÊÀ ÜÄÌ-ÈÅÉÓ ÌÄÔ-ÍÀÊËÄÁÀà ÝÍÏÁÉ-ËÉÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ÚÅÄËÀ ÒÄÐÏÒÔÀÑÉ ÃÀ ÀáÀËÉ ÀÌÁÄÁÉ ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀÒÄ ÌÏÅËÄ-ÍÄÁÈÀÍ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉÈ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ×ÉËÌÄÁÉÓ ÛÉÍÀÀÒÓÉ, ÈÖ ÌÀÈÉ ÂÌÉÒÄÁÉ ÓÀËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÏ ÄÍÉÈ ÌÄÔ-ÚÅÄËÄÁÄÍ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ÅÒÝÄËÉ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀ ÉÌ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉÝ ÊÉ, ÈÖ ÌÀÓ ÀÒ ÂÀÀÜÍÉÀ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏà ÂÀ-ÌÏáÀÔÖËÉ ËÏÂÉÊÖÒÉ ÓÔÒÖØ-ÔÖÒÀ ÃÀ ÀÆÒÏÁÒÉÅÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÓÀÔÄËÄÅÉÆÉÏ ÐÒÏÂ-ÒÀÌÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ×ÉËÌÄÁÉÓ ÈÉÈØÌÉÓ ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÀà ÂÀÂÄÁÀ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÀà ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ÍÄÁÉÓÌÉÄÒÉ ÆÄÐÉÒÉ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀ, ÝÏÝáÀËÉ ÈÖ ÜÀßÄÒÉËÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÈÀ-ÅÉÓÖ×ËÀà ÂÀÅÉÂÏ ÓßÒÀ×Àà ÌÏËÀÐÀÒÀÊÄ ÄÍÉÓ ÌÀÔÀÒÄÁ-ËÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀ, ÈÖ ÌÀØÅÓ ÃÒÏ ÌÉÅÄÜÅÉÏ ÌÉÓÉ ÂÀÌÏÈ-ØÌÉÓ ÉÍÃÉÅÉÃÖÀËÖÒ ÈÀÅÉ-ÓÄÁÖÒÄÁÄÁÓ.
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ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÂÀÍÝáÀ-ÃÄÁÄÁÛÉ, ÐËÀÊÀÔÄÁÛÉ ÀÍ ÊÀÔÀËÏÂÄÁÛÉ ÍÀÝÍÏÁÉ ÓÀáÄËÄÁÉÓ, ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉÓ ÃÀ ÞÀËÉÀÍ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄ-ÁÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÞÀËÉÀÍ ÌÏÊËÄ ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÚÏÅÄËÃÙÉÖÒÉ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÉÓÀÓ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ, ÊÏÍÊÒÄÔÖËÉ, ÀÃÅÉ-ËÀà ÌÉÓÀáÅÄÃÒÉ ÉÍ×ÏÒÌÀÝÉÉÓ ÐÏÅÍÀ: ÒÄÊËÀÌÀÛÉ, ÌÄÍÉÖÛÉ, ÂÀÍÒÉÂÄÁÛÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÊÄÒÞÏ áÀÓÉÀÈÉÓ ßÄÒÉËÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÚÏÅÄËÃÙÉÖÒÉ ÃÀ ÐÒÏ×ÄÓÉÖËÉ ÖÒÈÉÄÒ-ÈÏÁÄÁÉÓ ÔÄØÓÔÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÊÄÒÞÏ ÄÍÏÁÒÉÅ ÌÀÓÀËÀÆÄÀ ÀÂÄÁÖËÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄ-ÌÉÞËÉÀ ÊÄÒÞÏ áÀÓÉÀÈÉÓ ßÄÒÉËÄÁÛÉ ÀÙßÄÒÉËÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÄÁÉÓ, ÂÒÞÍÏÁÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÖÒÅÉËÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÉÌ ÓÔÀÔÉÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÄáÄÁÀ ÈÀÍÀ-ÌÄÃÒÏÅÄ ÐÒÏÁËÄÌÄÁÓ ÃÀ ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ ÀÅÔÏÒÄÁÉÝ ÂÀ-ÌÏÈØÅÀÌÄÍ ÂÀÍÓÀÊÖÈÒÄÁÖË ÀÆÒÓ ÀÍ ÖÊÀÅÉÀÈ ÂÀÍÓÀ-ÊÖÈÒÄÁÖËÉ ÐÏÆÉÝÉÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÈÀÍÀÌÄÃÒÏÅÄ ÌáÀÔÅÒÖËÉ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÉÓ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÃÉÃÉ ÌÏÝÖËÏÁÉÓ ÒÈÖËÉ ÀÒÀÌáÀÔÅÒÖËÉ ÃÀ ÌáÀÔ-ÅÒÖËÉ ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÀÈÉ ÓÔÉ-ËÉÓÔÖÒÉ ÈÀÅÉÓÄÁÖÒÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÂÀ-ÂÄÁÀ. ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÂÀÓÀÂÄÁÉÀ ÃÉÃÉ ÌÏÝÖËÏÁÉÓ ÓÐÄÝÉÀËÖÒÉ ÓÔÀÔÉÄÁÉ ÃÀ ÔÄØÍÉÊÖÒÉ ÉÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÄÁÉ, ÉÌÉÓ ÌÉÖáÄÃÀÅÀÃ, ÄáÄÁÀ ÉÓÉÍÉ ÜÄÌÉ ÓÀØÌÉÀÍÏÁÉÓ Ó×ÄÒÏÓ ÈÖ ÀÒÀ.
ÌÄ ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÀà ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÚÅÄËÀ ÔÉÐÉÓ ÔÄØÓÔÉÓ ÂÀ-ÂÄÁÀ ÀÁÓÔÒÀØÔÖËÉ áÀÓÉÀ-ÈÉÓ ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÉÓ ÜÀÈÅËÉÈ, ÊÏÌÐÏÆÉÝÉÖÒÉ ÀÍ ÄÍÏÁÒÉÅÉ ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÈ ÒÈÖËÉ ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÉÓÀÝ, ÒÏÂÏÒÉÝÀÀ ÉÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÄÁÉ, ÓÐÄÝÉÀËÖÒÉ ÓÔÀÔÉÄÁÉ ÃÀ ÌáÀÔÅÒÖË ÍÀ-ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄÁÉ.
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ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ÃÉÀËÏÂÉ ÐÉÒÏÅÍÄ-ÁÀÓÈÀÍ ÈÖ ÉÓ ÜÄÌÉ ÈáÏÅÍÉÈ ÂÀÉÌÄÏÒÄÁÓ ÈÀÅÉÓ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÓ, ÀÍ ÜÀÌÏÀÚÀËÉÁÄÁÓ ÌÀÓ Ö×ÒÏ ÍÄËÉ ÔÄÌÐÉÈ ÃÀ ÃÀÌÄáÌÀÒÄÁÀ ÜÄÌÉ ÓÀÈØÌÄËÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÖ-ËÉÒÄÁÀÛÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞ-ËÉÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ÛÄÊÉÈá-ÅÉÓ ÃÀÓÌÀ ÃÀ ÐÀÓÖáÉÓ ÂÀÝÄÌÀ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÍÀÝ-ÍÏÁÉ ÀÍ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÈÄÌÄÁÉÓ ×ÀÒÂËÄÁÛÉ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅ, ÔÉÐÉÖÒ ÓÉÔÖÀÝÉÄÁÛÉ, ÓÀÃÀÝ ÌÏÌÄÈáÏÅÄÁÀ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÍÀÝÍÏÁÉ ÈÄÌÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÀØÌÉÀ-ÍÏÁÉÓ ×ÀÒÂËÄÁÛÉ ÉÍ×ÏÒÌÀÝÉÉÓ ÖÛÖÀËÏ ÂÀÝÅËÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÜÀÅÄÁÀ ÞÀËÉÀÍ ÌÏÊËÄ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÛÉ ÓÏÝÉÀËÖÒ ÈÄÌÄÁÆÄ ÃÀ ÌÀÛÉÍÀÝ ÊÉ ÚÅÄËÀ×ÄÒÓ ÅÄÒ ÅÉÂÄÁ ÉÓÄ, ÒÏÌ ÃÀÌÏÖÊÉÃÄÁËÀà ßÀÒÅÌÀÒ-ÈÏ ÃÉÀËÏÂÉ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÉÌ ÌÒÀÅÀËÂÅÀÒ ÓÉÔÖÀÝÉÀÛÉ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ßÀÒÌÏÉÛÅÄÁÀ ÛÄ-ÓÀÓßÀÅËÉ ÄÍÉÓ ØÅÄÚÀÍÀÛÉ ÚÏ×ÍÉÓÀÓ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÏ-ÖÌÆÀÃÄÁËÀà ÌÉÅÉÙÏ ÌÏÍÀ-ßÉËÄÏÁÀ ÃÉÀËÏÂÄÁÛÉ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÍÀÝÍÏÁ/ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÈÄÌÄÁÆÄ (ÌÀÂ. “ÏãÀáÉ~, “äÏ-ÁÉ~, “ÓÀÌÓÀáÖÒÉ~, “ÌÏÂÆÀÖ-ÒÏÁÀ~, “ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀÒÄ ÌÏÅËÄ-ÍÄÁÉ~).
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÓÐÏÍÔÀÍÖÒÀà ÃÀ ÛÄÖ×ÄÒáÄÁËÀà ÅÉÓÀÖÁÒÏ ÛÄÓÀÓßÀÅËÉ ÄÍÉÓ ÌÀÔÀÒÄÁ-ËÄÁÄÁÈÀÍ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÀØÔÉÖÒÉ ÌÏÍÀßÉËÄÏÁÀ ÌÉÅÉÙÏ ÃÉÓÊÖÓÉÄÁÛÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÍÀÝÍÏÁ ÈÄÌÄÁÓ ÄáÄÁÀ, ÃÀÅÀÓÀÁÖÈÏ ÃÀ ÃÀÅÉÝÅÀ ÜÄÌÉ ÛÄáÄÃÖËÄ-ÁÄÁÉ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÈÀ ÃÀÖÁ-ÒÊÏËÄÁËÀà ÛÄÒÜÄÅÀ ÃÀ ÓÀÊÖÈÀÒÉ ÀÆÒÉÓ ÓÐÏÍÔÀÍÖÒÀà ÃÀ ÓÉÞÍÄËÄÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÒÄÛÄ ÂÀÌÏ-áÀÔÅÀ. ÜÄÌÉ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀ ÂÀÌÏ-ÉÒÜÄÅÀ ÄÍÏÁÒÉÅ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÀÈÀ ÌÒÀÅÀË×ÄÒÏÅÍÄÁÉÈ ÃÀ ÚÏÅÄË-ÃÙÉÖÒÉ ÓÀÚÏ×ÀÝáÏÅÒÄÁÏ ÈÖ ÐÒÏ×ÄÓÉÖË ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÖÀÝÉÄÁÛÉ ÌÀÈÉ áÌÀÒÄÁÉÓ ÓÉÆÖÓÔÉÈ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÓÀÊÖÈÀ-ÒÉ ÀÆÒÄÁÉÓ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏà ×ÏÒ-ÌÖËÉÒÄÁÀ ÃÀ ÜÄÌÉ ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÀ, ÀÌÀÓÈÀÍÀÅÄ ÍÄÁÉÓÌÉÄÒ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÛÉ ÀØÔÉÖÒÀà ÜÀÁÌÀ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÀà ÌÉÅÉÙÏ ÌÏÍÀßÉËÄÏÁÀ ÍÄÁÉÓÌÉÄÒ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÓÀ ÈÖ ÃÉÓÊÖÓÉÀÛÉ. Å×ËÏÁ ÍÀÉÒ-ÂÅÀÒ ÉÃÉÏÌÀÔÖÒ ÃÀ ÓÀ-ËÀÐÀÒÀÊÏ ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÀÓ. ÌÄ ÓßÒÀ×Àà ÃÀ ÀÃÅÉËÀà ÅÌÄÔ-ÚÅÄËÄÁ ÃÀ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÍÉÛ-ÅÍÄËÏÁÀÈÀ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÍÉÖÀÍÓÉÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÀ. ÈÖ ÌÉÜÍÃÄÁÀ ÓÉÞÍÄËÄ ÄÍÏÁÒÉÅ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÀÈÀ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÀ-ÛÉ, ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÃÀÌÓßÒÄ-ÈÀÂÀÍ ÛÄÖÌÜÍÄÅËÀà ÃÀ ÓßÒÀ×Àà ÜÄÌÉ ÂÀÌÏÍÀÈØ-ÅÀÌÉÓ ÐÄÒÉ×ÒÀÆÉÒÄÁÀ.
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ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ×ÒÀÆÄÁÉÓ ÂÀ-ÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÉÈ ÌÏÅÚÅÄ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÍÀÝÍÏÁÉ ÀÃÀ-ÌÉÀÍÄÁÉÓ ÀÍ ÜÄÌÉ ÓÀÝáÏÅÒÄÁÄËÉ ÀÃ-ÂÉËÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÖÁÒÀËÏ ×ÒÀ-ÆÄÁÉÈÀ ÃÀ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÉÈ ÌÏÅÚÅÄ ÜÄÌÉ ÏãÀáÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓáÅÀ áÀËáÉÓ, ÝáÏÅÒÄÁÉÓ ÐÉÒÏÁÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓßÀÅËÉÓ, ÀÌÑÀÌÉÍÃÄËÉ ÃÀ ÞÅÄËÉ ÓÀÌÓÀáÖÒÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ÓÀÛÖ-ÀËÄÁÄÁÉÈ ÄÒÈÌÀÍÄÈÓ ÃÀ-ÅÖÊÀÅÛÉÒÏ ×ÒÀÆÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌ ÀÙÅßÄÒÏ ÐÉÒÀÃÉ ÛÈÀ-ÁÄàÃÉËÄÁÄÁÉ ÃÀ ÌÏÅËÄÍÄÁÉ, ÌÏÅÚÅÄ ÜÄÌÉ ÏÝÍÄÁÄÁÉÓ, ÉÌÄ-ÃÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÖÒÅÉËÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÏÊËÄà ÀÅáÓÍÀ ÃÀ ÃÀÅÀÓÀÁÖÈÏ ÜÄÌÉ ÛÄáÄ-ÃÖËÄÁÄÁÉ ÃÀ ÂÄÂÌÄÁÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄ-ÌÉÞËÉÀ ÀÌÁÉÓ ÌÏÚÏËÀ ÃÀ ßÉÂÍÉÓ ÀÍ ×ÉËÌÉÓ ÛÉÍÀÀÒÓÉÓ ÂÀÃÌÏÝÄÌÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÓ ÌÉÌÀÒÈ ÜÄÌÉ ÃÀÌÏÖÊÉÃÄÁÖËÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÀ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÍÀÈËÀà ÃÀ ÃÀ-ÓÀÁÖÈÄÁÖËÀà ÂÀÌÏÅáÀÔÏ ÜÄÌÉ ÛÄáÄÃÖËÄÁÀ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÆÄ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÀÅáÓÍÀ ÜÄÌÉ ÈÅÀË-ÓÀÆÒÉÓÉ ÀØÔÖÀËÖÒ ÈÄÌÀÓÈÀÍ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉÈ, ßÀÒÌÏÅÀÜÉÍÏ ÚÅÄËÀ ÃÀÃÄ-ÁÉÈÉ ÃÀ ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÏÈÉ ÀÒ-ÂÖÌÄÍÔÉ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÒÈÖËÉ ÈÄÌÄÁÉÓ ÍÀÈËÀà ÃÀ ÓÀ×ÖÞÅËÉÀÍÀà ÂÀÃ-ÌÏÝÄÌÀ, ÛÄÌÀÃÂÄÍÄËÉ ÍÀ-ßÉËÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÄÒÈÉÀÍÄÁÀ, ÝÀËÊÄÖË ÃÄÁÖËÄÁÀÈÀ ÂÀÍÅÉ-ÈÀÒÄÁÀ ÃÀ ÓÀÈÀÍÀÃÏ ÃÀÓÊÅÍÄ-ÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÔÀÍÀ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÓÉÔÖÀÝÉÉÃÀÍ ÀÌÏÓÅËÉÈ ÛÄÓÀÁÀÌÉÓÉ ÄÍÏÁÒÉÅÉ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÉÈ ÀÆÒÉÓ ÈÀÅÉ-ÓÖ×ËÀà ÃÀ ÀÒÂÖÌÄÍÔÉÒÄ-ÁÖËÀà ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞ-ËÉÀ ÜÄÌÉ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÉÓ ËÏ-ÂÉÊÖÒÀà ÀÂÄÁÀ ÉÓÄ, ÒÏÌ ÌÉ-ÅÉØÝÉÏ ÌÓÌÄÍÄËÉÓ ÚÖ-ÒÀÃÙÄÁÀ, ÃÀÅÄáÌÀÒÏ ÀÖÃÉ-ÔÏÒÉÀÓ Ö×ÒÏ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏ-ÅÀÍÉ ÃÄÁÖËÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÍÉÛÅÍÀÓÀ ÃÀ ÃÀÌÀáÓÏÅÒÄÁÀÛÉ.
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ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÉÓÀËÏ-ÝÉ ÁÀÒÀÈÄÁÉÓ ßÄÒÀ, ×ÏÒÌÖËÀÒÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÅ-ÓÄÁÀ, ÓÀÓÔÖÌÒÏÓ ÓÀ-ÒÄÂÉÓÔÒÀÝÉÏ ×ÖÒ-ÝÄËÛÉ ÂÅÀÒÉÓ, ÄÒÏÅ-ÍÄÁÉÓ, ÌÉÓÀÌÀÒÈÉÓ ÛÄ-ÔÀÍÀ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÏÊËÄ ÛÄÔÚÏ-ÁÉÍÄÁÀÈÀ ÃÀ ÁÀÒÀÈÄÁÉÓ ßÄÒÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ÐÉÒÀÃÉ áÀ-ÓÉÀÈÉÓ ßÄÒÉËÉÓ ÃÀßÄÒÀ (ÌÀÂ. ÅÉÍÌÄÓ ÌÉÌÀÒÈ ÌÀÃËÉÄÒÄÁÉÓ ÂÒÞÍÏÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÀ).
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÍÀÝÍÏÁ ÀÍ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÈÄÌÄÁÆÄ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ÂÀÁÌÖËÉ ÔÄØÓÔÉÓ ÃÀßÄÒÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÊÄÒÞÏ áÀÓÉÀÈÉÓ ßÄÒÉËÉÓ ÃÀßÄÒÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÛÉÝ ÜÄÌÓ ÂÀÍÝÃÄÁÓÀ ÃÀ ÛÈÀÁÄàÃÉËÄÁÄÁÆÄÀ ÓÀ-ÖÁÀÒÉ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏ, ÃÄ-ÔÀËÖÒÉ ÔÄØÓÔÉÓ ÃÀßÄÒÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ, ÌÒÀÅÀË×ÄÒÏ-ÅÀÍ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÓ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÃÀÅßÄÒÏ ÄÓÄ ÀÍ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀ, ÂÀÅÀÛÖØÏ ÉÍ×ÏÒÌÀÝÉÀ ÃÀÃÄ-ÁÉÈÉ ÀÍ ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÈÉ ÈÅÀË-ÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÓ ÃÀÓÀÁÖÈÄÁÉÈ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÃÀÅßÄÒÏ ßÄÒÉËÄ-ÁÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÛÉÝ ÊÀÒÂÀà ßÀÒÌÏÅÀÜÄÍ ÜÄÌÈÅÉÓ ÌÍÉÛ-ÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍ ÌÏÅËÄÍÄÁÓÀ ÃÀ ÛÈÀÁÄàÃÉËÄÁÄÁÓ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ßÄÒÉËÏÁÉÈÉ ×ÏÒÌÉÈ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏà ÃÀ ËÏ-ÂÉÊÖÒÀà ÂÀÌÏÅáÀÔÏ ÜÄÌÉ ÀÆÒÄ-ÁÉ ÃÀ ÃÄÔÀËÖÒÀà ÂÀÅÀÛÖØÏ ÜÄÌÉ ÛÄáÄÃÖËÄÁÀ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ßÄÒÉËÛÉ, ÄÓÄÛÉ ÀÍ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÃÄÔÀËÖÒÀà ÂÀÃÌÏÅÝÄ ÒÈÖËÉ ÐÒÏÁËÄÌÄÁÉ ÃÀ ÀÌÀÓÈÀÍÀÅÄ ÂÀ-ÌÏÅÚÏ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍÉ ÓÀÊÉÈ-áÄÁÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÉÌ ÄÍÏÁÒÉÅÉ ÓÔÉËÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÛÄÄ×ÄÒÄÁÀ ÓÀÅÀÒÀÖÃÏ ÀÃÒÄ-ÓÀÔÓ.
ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ßÄÒÉËÏÁÉÈ ÂÀÃÌÏÅÝÄ ÜÄÌÉ ÀÆÒÄÁÉ ËÏ-ÊÉÂÖÒÀà ÃÀ ÈÀÍÀÌÉÌÃÄÅ-ÒÖËÀà ÀÖÝÉËÄÁÄËÉ ÄÍÏÁ-ÒÉÅÉ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏ-ÚÄÍÄÁÉÈ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÉÓÄ-ÈÉ ÒÈÖËÉ ßÄÒÉËÄÁÉÓ, ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÄÁÉÓ, ÀÍÂÀÒÉÛÄÁÉÓ ÀÍ ÓÔÀÔÉÄÁÉÓ ßÄÒÀ, ÒÏÌ-ËÄÁÓÀÝ ÀØÅÈ ÌÊÀ×ÉÏ ËÏ-ÂÉÊÖÒÉ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÀ ÃÀ ÄáÌÀÒÄÁÀ ÒÄÝÉÐÉÄÍÔÓ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍÉ ÌÏÌÄÍÔÄÁÉÓ ÀÙÍÉÛÅÍÀÓÀ ÃÀ ÃÀÌÀáÓÏÅÒÄ-ÁÀÛÉ. ÌÄ ÛÄÌÉÞËÉÀ ÒÄÆÉÖÌÄ-ÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÒÄÝÄÍÆÉÄÁÉÓ ÃÀßÄ-ÒÀ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÐÒÏ×ÄÓÉÖËÉ áÀÓÉÀÈÉÓ ÍÀÛÒÏÌÄÁÆÄ, ÉÓÄ ÌáÀÔÅÒÖË ÍÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄÁÆÄ.
3. Sefasebis doneebi da sakomunikacio davalebebi
CEFR-is enebis swavlebis da swavlis koncefciaSi, sakomunikacio
davalebebis mier dakavebuli centraluri adgilis Sesabamisad, am badeSi
Sefasebis doneebis yvela ganmarteba gamosaxulia ZiriTadad ise, rom enaSi
miRebuli kompetenciebis Sedegad moswavles garkveuli sakomunikacio
davalebebis Sesruleba SeuZlia.
imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvelebs ukeT gavagebinoT am badis miRma arsebuli
logika, dawerili sityvis gagebisTvis kompetenciis ganmartebebi qvemoT
warmodgenilia arakonkretuli wyobiTa da `gaxleCili~ formiT. isini ver
daadgenen gradaciis sirTules 41-e gverdze moyvanili ZiriTad cxrilidan
konsultaciis gareSe SemoTavazebuli aRwerebiTa da maTi dakavSirebebiT
Sefasebis eqvs sxvadasxva donesTan A1-dan C2-mde.
1. waikiTxe Cveulebrivi eniT dawerili
samsaxurTan dakavSirebuli teqstebi.
2. waikiTxe statiebi da reportaJebi Tanamedrove sakiTxebze da gaige av-
toris konkretuli damokidebuleba an garkveuli Sexeduleba.
3. waikiTxe piradi werilebi da gaige movlenebis aRwera, grZnobebisa da
survilebis gamoxatva.
4. waikiTxe reklamebi, plakatebi an katalogebi da gaige SenTvis nacnobi
saxelebi, sityvebi da Zalian martivi frazebi.
5. Zalisxmevis gareSe waikiTxe yvela tipis teqsti, Tundac abstraqtuli
an kompleqsuri Semadgenlobis an formisa; magaliTad, saxelmZRvanelo,
specialuri statia an literaturuli Sroma.
6. waikiTxe grZeli da rTuli faqtobrivi an literaturuli teqstebi da
aRiqvi stilisturi gansxvavebebi.
7. waikiTxe yoveldRiuri dokumentebi, rogoricaa patara reklamebi,
prospeqtebi, meniuebi da ganrigebi da ipove specifikuri savaraudo in-
formacia.
8. waikiTxe Tanamedrove prozauli (literaturuli) teqsti.
9. waikiTxe specialuri statiebi da mogrZo teqnikuri instruqciebi, Tun-
dac isini ar ukavSirdebodnen Sens sferos.
10. waikiTxe Zalian mokle, martivi teqstebi da mokle da martivi piradi
werilebi.
(gadawyveta: A1=4; A2=7 da 10; B1=1 da 3; B2=2 da 8; C1=6 da 9; C2=5)
Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom am badis SemadgenlobasTan Sesabamisoba au-
cilebelia, kerZod, moswavleebis kontinuumSi moTavsebiT, romlebic ganisaz-
Rvreba Sefasebis sxvadasxva doniT. badis gamoyeneba ar niSnavs, rom enis mas-
wavleblebs amocanebis wamoyenebis ufleba ar hqondeT, romlebic zustad mas
ar eyrdnoba maT mier mocemul savarjiSoebSi. magaliTad, presis statiebi da
literaturuli teqstebi, am badeSi aRiniSneba mxolod rogorc B2 doneze
dawerili sityvis gagebis mixedviT. Tumca, absurduli iqneboda am mizniT Tavi
43
Segvekavebina enis swavlebaSi aseTi teqstebis gamoyenebisagan. sruliad kanoni-
eri iqneba ase moqceva im aqtivobebis SemTxvevaSi, romlebic specialurad kom-
petenciis donis Sesamowmeblad ar aris Seqmnili, aramed ufro moswavleTa
winsvlisTvis da imisTvis, rom maT mieceT saSualeba, SeiZinon codna da
unarebi. miuxedavad amisa, dasmuli amocanebi ar unda scildebodes maTi miR-
wevis farglebs da saTaves iRebdes sakomunikacio situaciaSi.
Cven axla unda gamovikvlioT badis nawili, romelic dakavSirebulia
meore enis aqtivobasTan:
mosmena
A1 SemiZlia amovicno nacnobi sityvebi da vcvalo ZiriTadi frazebi Cemi,
Cemi ojaxisa da garemos Sesaxeb, roca xalxi laparakobs nela da garkveviT.
A2 SemiZlia frazebisa da xSirad xmarebuli leqsikis gageba, uSualod pi-
radulTan dakavSirebiT (anu ZiriTadi personaluri da ojaxuri informacia,
sayidlebi, adgilobrivi garemo, samsaxuri). SemiZlia ZiriTadi azris daWera
mokle, garkveul, martiv gzavnilebsa da gancxadebebSi.
B1 SemiZlia gavigo mkafio standartuli laparakis ZiriTadi azri nacnob
sakiTxebze, romlebic regularulad gvxvdeba samsaxurSi, skolaSi, dasvenebisas
da misT. SemiZlia gavigo radio an telegadacemebis ZiriTadi azri mimdinare
movlenebze an pirad Tu profesiul interesebze, roca informaciis mowodeba
SedarebiT nela da mkafiod mimdinareobs.
B2 SemiZlia gavigo vrceli saubari da leqciebi da mivyve Tundac argumen-
tebis rTul striqonebs im pirobiT, rom Tema aris sakmaod nacnobi. SemiZlia
gavigo satelevizio sainformacio gadacemebis umravlesoba da mimdinare pro-
gramebi saqmian Temebze. SemiZlia gavigo filmebis umravlesoba standartul
dialeqtze.
C1 SemiZlia gavigo xangrZlivi saubari, roca is zustad ar aris dadgenili
da roca igulisxmeba mxolod kavSirebi da isini araa aSkarad gamoxatuli.
SemiZlia satelevizio programebisa da filmebis gageba didi daZabvis gareSe.
C2 ar maqvs zepiri enis gagebis aranairi sirTule, iqneba es cocxali, Tu
gadmocemis ena, Tundac, roca mowodebulia swrafi laparakiT, im pirobiT, rom
me maqvs dro aqcentis SesaCvevad.
TviTSefasebis bade (CEFR, gv. 26 da 27)
es bade aRwers moswavleebis kompetenciis progress, rac Cans davalebe-
bis gavliT, romlebic iyeneben am SemTxvevaSi zepiri sityvis gagebis enis
aqtivobas. Cven vnaxeT, rom SedarebiT advilia ganmartebebi movaTavsoT er-
TimeoresTan kavSirSi sirTulis gasaZliereblad.
Cven Semdgom TavebSi vnaxavT, rom enis maswavleblebs SeuZliaT gamoi-
yenon es bade im progresis dasagegmad, rac maT surT miiRon moswavleTa
jgufTan an maTi kompetenciis doneebis Sesafaseblad.
Tumca, aseTi gamoyeneba moiTxovs imis gagebas, Tu rogor aris es bade
Sedgenili, im informaciasTan erTad, romelsac is gvawvdis imis Sesaxeb, Tu
ras moicavs TiToeuli misi nawili zustad. Tu Cven yuradRebiT ganvixilavT
badis nawils zepiri sityvis gagebaze, SegviZlia gavarCioT ori tipis infor-
macia:
44
- teqstis tipi da masTan dakavSirebuli Temebi;
- amocanis SesrulebisTvis moTxovnili aqtivoba.
amis gamo, enis aqtivobaSi kompetenciis donis gansazRvreba eyrdnoba in-
formaciis am or punqts Soris damokidebulebas.
ganxiluli teqstebis tipebi da Temebi
amocanis Sesrulebisas saWiro moqmedeba
A1 neli da garkveuli saubris mosmena
Tanamosaubris identobis, ojaxis da
konkretuli garemos Sesaxeb.
nacnobi sityvebis da Zalian gavrcelebuli
gamonaTqvamebis gageba.
A2 saubris mosmena an urTierTgacvla
Zalian nacnob sagnebze (identoba,
ojaxi, sayidlebi, adgilobrivi garemo,
samsaxuri da misT.).
frazebis gageba da Zalian nacnobi leqsikoni
am TemebTan dakavSirebiT.
A2 gancxadebebisa da martivi, garkveuli
ambebis mosmena .
am ambebis ZiriTadi azris gageba.
B1 azrTa urTierTgaziarebis an axsnis
mosmena mkafio standartul enaze nac-
nob Temebze (dasaqmeba, dasveneba,
skola da a. S.).
ZiriTadi azris gageba.
B2 radio an satelevizio programebis
mosmena mimdinare movlenebze an nac-
nob sagnebze.
gadmocemuli infomaciis ZiriTadi azris
gageba.
B2 prezentaciebis an moxsenebebis mosmena
rTuli replikebiT an argumentebiT
sakmaod nacnob Temebze.
miRebuli informaciis gageba.
C1 grZeli arastruqturuli gamosvlis
mosmena, roca mxolod damokidebuleba
igulisxmeba.
argumentis / replikis ganviTarebis azris
gageba.
C1 nebismieri tipis satelevizio gadace-
mis an filmebis mosmena. didi daZabvis gareSe gageba.
C2 nebismieri tipis ambisa da laparakis
mosmena; Tundac iseTis, romelic gar-
Tulebulia situaciurad, moxsenebis
siCqariT an konkretuli aqcentiT.
gageba sirTulis gareSe.
Semdgom davinaxavT, rom es cxrili asaxavs progresiis zRvars:
- mosmenili teqstebis sirTule;
- martivi saubari an azrTa urTierTgaziareba.
- gancxadebebi da gzavnilebi;
- raimes axsna;
- radio da satelevizio gadacemebi;
- prezentaciebi an moxsenebebi kompleqsuri argumentebiT;
- arazusti gamoxatva mkafio azrebiT;
- yvela tipis gzavnili da msjeloba.
- gansaxilvel sakiTxebSi:
- identoba, ojaxi da uSualo konkretuli garemo;
- nacnobi sagnebi;
- mimdinare movlenebi;
- filmebi an satelevizio programebi.
- advilad gasagebi Sinaarsi:
- nacnobi sityvebis an gamoTqmebis gamocnoba;
- mosmenili informaciis ZiriTadi azris gageba;
- mTeli teqstis gageba da prezentaciis mimdinareobis miyola;
- garkveuli ZalisxmeviT gageba.
amis gamo, is amyarebs sakmaod rTul kavSirs Sefasebis am doneebSi (A1-dan C2-mde) im dokumentebis sirTuleebs Soris; is moswavleebs urigdebaT, raTa
saSualeba mieceT, Seafason TavianTi done da savaraudo warmateba gagebis
aqtivobaSi.
45
magaliTad, nacnobi sityvebis an xSirad Sexvedrili gamoTqmebis gageba
xangrZliv warmodgenaSi arafers ar niSnavs, rodesac mizani aris moswavlis
sakomunikacio kompetenciis ganviTarebis Sefaseba. teqstis saxeoba faqtobrivad
eqvemdebareba B2 dones (maRali), maSin, roca Sesrulebulis Sefaseba eqvemde-
bareba A1 dones. sapirispiro magaliTi: didi Zalisxmevis gareSe martivi mkafio ambis
gageba Zalian nacnob sagnebze iZleva mxolod Zalian mcire informacias
smeniTi aRqmis kompetenciis realur xarisxze. am SemTxvevaSi, moqmedeba eqvemde-
bareba B2 dones an ufro maRla, magram mosmenili gamoTqmebi da Temebi, rom-
lebsac isini moicaven, eqvemdebareba A2 dones. Semdgom TavebSi bade imave meTodiT unda gavaanalizoT yvela enobrivi
aqtivobisTvis, raTa swavlebisaTvis daskvnebi gamovitanoT.
aq, amis gamo, ubralod axlodan unda SevxedoT erT-erT sxva aqtivobas:
amjerad warmoqmnas.
A1 SemiZlia martivi frazebisa da winadadebebis gamoyeneba imis aRsawerad, sadac vcxovrob
da visac vicnob.
A2 SemiZlia rigi frazebis da winadadebebis gamoyeneba, raTa martivi terminebiT aRvwero
Cemi ojaxi da sxva xalxi, sacxovrebeli pirobebi, Cemi ganaTlebis safuZveli da Cemi axlandeli
an wina samsaxuri.
B1 SemiZlia davakavSiro frazebi martivad imisaTvis, rom aRvwero gamocdileba da movle-
nebi, Cemi sizmrebi, imedebi da miswrafebebi. mokled, SemiZlia azrebis da gegmebis mizezebis da
axsna-ganmartebebis micema, SemiZlia moTxrobis an wignisa Tu filmis siuJetis moyola da Cemi
reaqciebis aRwera.
B2 SemiZlia warvadgino mkafio, detaluri axsna im sagnebis farTo speqtrze, romlebic da-
kavSirebulia Cemi interesebis sferosTan. SemiZlia gamovxato Cemi azri Tematur sakiTxze
sxvadasxva variantis upiratesobebisa da naklovanebebis mowodebiT.
C1 SemiZlia warmovadgino mkafio, kompleqsuri sagnebis detaluri aRwera, romlebic aerTi-
aneben qveTemebs konkretuli azrebis ganviTarebiT da davasrulo saTanado daskvniT.
C2 SemiZlia warmovadgino mkafio, elastiurad mimdinare aRwera an argumenti stilSi, ro-
melic Sesabamisia konteqstisTvis da efeqturi logikuri wyobiT, romelic exmareba mimRebs,
SeniSnos da daimaxsovros mniSvnelovani azrebi.
TviTSefasebis bade (CEFR, gv. 26 da 27)
es cxrili SesaZloa dalagdes sxvadasxvanairad:
laparakis mizani davalebis SesrulebisTvis saWiro moqmedeba.
A1. aRvwero, sad vcxovrob da vis vicnob davalebis Sesruleba martivi winadadebe-
bis gamoyenebiT.
A2. Cemi ojaxisa da sxva xalxis, sacxovre-
beli pirobebis, Cemi axlandeli an wina
samsaxuris aRwera.
davalebis Sesruleba martivi terminebiT,
rigi frazebisa da winadadebebis gamoyene-
biT.
B1. aRvwero gamocdilebebi da movlenebi,
Cemi sizmrebi, imedebi da miswrafebebi.
davalebis Sesruleba gamoTqmebis martivi
kavSirebis gamoyenebiT.
B1. davasabuTo da avxsna azrebi da gegmebi. davalebis Sesruleba gamoTqmebis martivi
kavSirebis gamoyenebiT
B1. moTxrobis an wignisa Tu filmis siu-
Jetis moyola da Cemi reaqciebis aRwera.
davalebis Sesruleba martivi qronologi-
uri kavSirebis, martivi gamoTqmebis gamo-
yenebiTa da monayolisa da monayolis
Sinaarsze reaqciebis garCeva.
B2. Cemi Tavis gamoxatva interesTa Cem
sferosTan dakavSirebuli farTo
speqtriT.
amocanis Sesruleba mkafio da detaluri
formiT.
B2. Sexedulebis gadmocema Tematur sa-
kiTxze, sxvadasxva variantebis upirate-
sobebisa da naklovanebebis mowodebiT.
amocanis Sesruleba mkafio argumentebis
moyvaniT.
46
C1. rTuli Temebis aRwerebis warmodgena. davalebis Sesruleba mkafio da detaluri
formiT, qveTemebis, detaluri konkretuli
azrebisa da Sesabamisi daskvniT damTavre-
bis CaTvliT.
C2. nebismier Temaze aRweris an argumentis
warmodgena.
davalebis Sesruleba mkafio da Tavisu-
fali maneriT, Sesabamisi stilisa da
logikuri struqturis gamoyenebiT, rac
exmareba mimRebs, SeniSnos da daimaxsovros
mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi.
es mokle analizi asaxavs gansxvavebas kompetenciis doneebs Soris, ro-
melic amjerad eyrdnoba Semdeg kombinaciebs:
- zepir gadmocemebSi moculi Temebi (vinme an vinmes uSualo garemo; ga-
mocdilebebi, piradi azris SegrZneba; maRaziebi, movlenebi an novelisa Tu
filmis siuJeti; Tematuri sakiTxebi, rTuli Temebi);
- gadmocemis formaluri struqtura (martivi winadadebebis gadabma, mar-
tivi kavSirebis gamoyeneba; argumentis moyvana; struqtura, romelic akmayo-
filebs auditoriis winaSe zepiri komunikaciis moTxovnebs).
4. kompetenciis doneebis calsaxad pozitiuri ganmarteba
magaliTad, Zalian mniSvnelovania aRvniSnoT, rom aRniSnuli svetis mar-
jvena svetSi - zepiri warmoqmnis Sesaxeb - exeba mxolod gamoTqmebis kombina-
ciebis xelovnebas da saubris Seqmnas. is arafers ambobs sintaqsisa da mor-
fologiis Sesaxeb.
es bolo SeniSvna aRniSnavs CEFR-is doneebis skalis fundamentur max-
asiaTebels, kerZod imas, rom skala eyrdnoba kompetenciebis doneebis myar
pozitiur midgomebs.
warmodgenili doneebis skala tradiciidan gadaxvevas mianiSnebs, ro-
melic kvlav gavrcelebulia Sefasebis praqtikaSi, roca moswavlis kompeten-
ciis done fasdeba mkvidri metyvelis idealTan SefardebiT. es SesaZlebelia
mizanSewonili iyos, Tu Sedareba dakavSirebulia sakomunikacio davalebasTan,
romelic SeiZleba Catardes an ar Catardes enis gamoyenebiT. samwuxarod, aseTi
Sefaseba xSirad cdilobs lingvisturi kodis kvalifikaciaSi Secdomebi aR-
niSno, rogorc literaturulad, aseve figuralurad. Sefasebis tradiciuli
saxeoba, romelic tardeba Tanamedrove enaSi, savaraudod aris negatiuri, ro-
melSic potenciuri niSnidan gamoakldeba Secdomebis ricxvi an Secdomebis
`seriozulobis~ ricxvi.
Tumca, evropuli sabWos doneebis skalis aRsawerad calkeuli negati-
uri daxasiaTebis Zebna drois kargvaa. erTaderTi gamoyenebuli kriteriumi
Sedis moswavleTa warmatebis xarisxis dadgenaSi, romelic ganisazRvreba im
davalebebis SedegebiT, romelTa Sesruleba SesaZlebelia Seswavlil enaze.
yvelaze metad ganmartebebSi davZebniT SeniSvnas am davalebebis Sesrulebis si-
martivesTan dakavSirebiT (`unda daexmaros sxva pirovneba~, `unda iTxovo,
gaimeoron DgamonaTqvami~ da a. S.).
47
5. evropuli enobrivi portfolios Sesamowmebeli sia
davalebebi da enobrivi aqtivobebi gvxvdeba mTeli Sefasebis doneebis
gansazRvrebebSi. isini warmodgenilia maswavleblisa da moswavlis yoveldRiur
saswavlo urTierTobaSi. yvela enis SeswavlaSi isini centralur adgils ikave-
ben.
aqedan gamomdinare, Cans, rom TviTSefasebis badeSi mocemuli ganmarte-
bebi TiToeuli sakomunikacio aqtivobisaTvis aSkarad erTi donis meorisagan
garCevis saSualebas iZleva, magram sakmarisi ar aris moswavlis yoveldRiuri
moTxovnilebebisaTvis, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maT surT progresis uzrunvelyofa
da is, rom Tavadve dasaxon swavlis miznebi. albaT es ganmartebebi arasa-
Tanadod aris ganviTarebuli an dazustebuli.
ufro metic, rogorc es me-2 TavSi vnaxeT, pedagogiuri amocana am Sefase-
bis doneebis Sesabamisobaa saTanado sakomunikacio davalebebTan.
aq Semodis Sesamowmebeli sia, romelic ayalibebs evropuli enis port-
folios mniSvnelovan komponents.
es siebi TiToeuli Sefasebis donisTvis xuTi enobrivi aqtivobis ufro
detalur aRweras awvdian. am aRwerebis gamoyenebiT, momxmareblebs SeuZliaT
naxon, isini marTlac akmayofileben Tu ara saerTo Sefasebis doneebSi moce-
mul moTxovnebs.
naTeli xdeba urTierTdamokidebuleba Sefasebis doneebis globalur
skalas, TviTSefasebis badesa da Eevropuli enis portfolioSi Sesamowmebel
sias Soris maSinve, rogorc ki maT erTad ganvixilavT.
amis gamo, Cven, magaliTad, unda aviRoT A1 done, romelic vnaxeT zepiri
interaqtivis (vinmesTan laparaki) kuTxiT.
Sefasebis doneebis globaluri skala
SeuZlia gaigos da gamoiyenos nacnobi yoveldRiuri gamonaTqvamebi da uZiriTadesi
frazebi, romlebic gamiznulia konkretuli tipis moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad.
SeuZlia sakuTari Tavisa da sxvebis warmodgena da SeuZlia dasvas kiTxvebi da
upasuxos pirad sakiTxebze, rogoricaa sad cxovroben, xalxi, romelsac is icnobs da
sagnebi, romlebic mas gaaCnia. SeuZlia martivi urTierTobis damyareba im pirobiT, rom
meore adamiani laparakobs nela da mkafiod da mzadaa dasaxmareblad.
CEFR, gv. 24 TviTSefasebis bade (zepiri interaqtivi)
SemiZlia urTierToba martivi gziT; im pirobiT, rom meore pi-
rovneba mzadaa gaimeoros an perifrazireba moaxdinos
naTqvamisa, laparakis neli tempiT da SeuZlia damexmaros imis
CamoyalibebaSi, ris Tqmasac vapireb. SemiZlia kiTxvebi davsva
da vupasuxo martiv kiTxvebs uSualo moTxovnilebis sa-
kiTxebSi, an Zalian nacnob Temebze.
CEFR, gv 26 • SemiZlia vTqva, vin var, sad davibade, sad vcxovrob da vkiTxo vinmes igive infor-
macia;
• SemiZlia vTqva, ras vakeTeb, rogor var da vkiTxo vinmes, rogor arTmevs igi Tavs;
SemiZlia warmovadgino vinme, Sevxvde maT da wavide;
• SemiZlia vilaparako martivad im adamianebze, visac vicnob da sxvas kiTxvebi da-
vusva;
• SemiZlia sxvas vkiTxo obieqtze an vikiTxo raime informacia, pasuxi gavce, Tu me-
kiTxebian;
• SemiZlia vupasuxo martiv pirad kiTxvebze da agreTve vkiTxo sxvebs;
• SemiZlia daTvla, raodenobebis miTiTeba da drois Tqma;
• SemiZlia mivyve da mivce informacia Tu rogor wavidnen ama Tu im adgilas, ma-
galiTad, erTi adgilidan meoreze;
• SemiZlia warvudgino an SevTavazo vinmes raime;
• SemiZlia vilaparako Sexvedris adgilze da droze iseTi gamonaTqvamebis gamoyene-
biT, rogoricaa `Semdeg kviras~, `gasul paraskevs~, `noemberSi~, `sam saaTze~.
48
Sedareba uCvenebs maTs Sesabamis rolebs:
- konkretuli davalebebis ELP-is aRweris sia (ara amomwuravi), romelTa
Sesrulebac SesaZlebelia zepiri metyvelebis A1 doneze myofi
moswavlisTvis nacnob enaze. am aRmwerebis sia Seesabameba TviTSefase-
bis bades (`dasva martivi kiTxvebi da upasuxo maT uSualo moTxov-
nilebis sferoebSi an ucnob Temebze~);
- TviTSefasebis bade agreTve aRniSnavs im datvirTvasa da gare dax-
marebas, romelTa meSveobiTac es davalebebi sruldeba (aq, magaliTad,
sxva pirovnebis daxmarebiT, romelic `mzad aris gaimeoros an sxva-
nairad Tqvas~, romelic `saubrobs ufro neli tempiT~ da vinc
moswavles daexmareba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aucilebelia `Camoayalibos
is, ris Tqmasac vapireb~). ufro metic, is gvirCevs, Tu rogor unda
Seasrulos moswavlem es davalebebi, am SemTxvevaSi martivi frazebis
mniSvnelobiT.
aqedan gamomdinare, davalebis Sesruleba `Tqvi, vin var me~, saubari, ro-
melic warmoiqmneba moswavlis mier interaqtiul konteqstSi, kerZod `I'm Claude“, `Ich hei?e Pierre~, `Me llamo Antoine~ an `Mi chiamo Robert~ saTanado iqneba formaluri
pirobebis dasakmayofileblad, romelic moiTxoveba am donis kompetenciaze. wi-
nadadeba, romelic warmoiTqmeba sxva moswavlis mier `neba miboZeT warmogidgi-
noT Cemi Tavi~, `Cemi saxelia malika~ an `Darf ich mich vorstellen? Ich hei?e Malika~ rogorc Cans, ar ganekuTvneba A1 dones. imisaTvis, rom SevafasoT malikas eno-
brivi done, aucilebeli iqneba avirCioT meore davaleba sxva Sefasebis donee-
bis aRmwerebs Soris. faqti, rom malikas SeuZlia sakuTari Tavi warmoadginos
am enaze, aRar Seesabameba am enaSi miRweul kompetenciis dones. zepiri in-
teraqtivis done, romelSic is imyofeba, SesaZlebelia movnaxoT misTvis da-
valebis micemiT, romelic B2 an C1 doneebs Sorisaa. am TviTSefasebis badidan azris gamosatanad unda gaviazroT, rom is
Seadgens Tanmimdevrobas. konkretuli donis aRsawerad vuSvebT, rom skalaze
dabali done miRweulia. enis smeniTi aRqmis B2 doneze yofna gulisxmobs, rom
SesaZlebelia imis Sesruleba, rac badis Sesabamis nawilSia gansazRvruli, ma-
gram agreTve im nawilebSi, romlebic Seesabameba imave enobrivi aqtivobis A1-dan B1 dones.
TviTSefasebis bade da ELP aRmwerebi damatebiTi saSualebebia, romlebic
moswavleebsa da maswavleblebs saSualebas Zleven Seafason, aris Tu ra marT-
lac miRweuli kompetenciis konkretuli done.
sakomunikacio amocanebi, romlebic swavlasa da swavlebaSi CEFR-is TvalTaxedvis centraluri faqtorebia, didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iyvnen sakomuni-
kacio midgomis damaxasiaTebeli niSani. qmedebaze orientirebul midgomaze
yuradReba gamaxvilebulia evropis sabWos dokumentSi, romelic, Tavis mxriv,
ar niSnavs aranair mkveTr cvlilebas safrangeTSi enis swavlebis perspeqtiveb-
Tan dakavSirebiT.
miuxedavad amisa, kategoriebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia davalebebTan,
zogadad nayofier safuZvels iZleva pedagogiur inovaciaSi. CEFR-is mier
Setanili ZiriTadi wvlili mdgomareobs mis kritikul damokidebulebaSi da-
valebebSi CarTul enobrivi aqtivobebis, moTxovnili unarebisa da TiToeuli
davalebis Sesrulebis pirobebis mimarT. am sxvadasxva faqtorebis formalizeba
imisaTvis, raTa ganviTardes efeqturi sakomunikacio davalebebi, saSualebas
iZleva evropaSi Tanamedrove enebis swavlaSi miRweuli progresi SevafasoT da
sakmaod mniSvnelovani meTodia enis MmaswavleblebisaTvis.
yvela am parametrisa da kategoriis urTierTkavSiri ar niSnavs, rom
swavlebis sistema Sesabamisi saxeliT, unda eqvemdebarebodes zogierT taqtiku-
rad SeTanxmebul models, rogorc wina sistemebis SemTxvevaSi moxda. midgoma,
romelic CEFR-is ganviTarebas aRniSnavs, gulisxmobs konkretuli konteqstis
49
mimarT adaptacias da SeuZlia daadasturos is moswavleebis unarebis specifi-
kur aspeqtebze fokusirebiT. Tumca maTi arCevnebis an datvirTvebisgan damou-
kideblad yvela enis maswavlebelma unda iswavlos am situaciebisa da proce-
durebis gaanalizeba CEFR-is kategoriebis gamoyenebiT, imisaTvis, raTa aRi-
nusxos maTi praqtika, daregulirdes is, romelic, rogorc Cans, sasargebloa
da maTTvis xelmisawvdomi da iqonion gacvlebi sxva maswavleblebTan. es
udavod aris CEFR-is yvelaze nayofieri wvlili Tanamedrove enebis swavlebis
praqtikaSi.
pirvel nawilSi Cven `vimogzaureT~" CEFR-is farglebSi im mizniT, rom
gagveSuqebina misi ramdenime mniSvnelovani elementi. isini SeiZleba ufro daw-
vrilebiTi formiT vnaxoT CEFR-is Semdeg TavebSi.
- Tavi me-2, gv. 9-20: miRebuli meTodi (qmedebaze orientirebuli midgomis, indi-
vidis zogadi kompetenciebis, sakomunikacio kompetenciebis, enobrivi aqtivobe-
bis da interesebis ganmarteba)
- Tavi me-3, gv 21-42: saerTo Sefasebis doneebi;
- Tavi me-4, gv 42-100: enis gamoyeneba da Semswavleli / momxmarebeli (konteqsti,
romelSic ena gamoiyeneba, sakomunikacio Temebi, sakomunikacio amocanebi, eno-
brivi sakomunikacio aqtivobebi da teqstebi);
- Tavi me-7, gv 157-167: amocanebi da maTi roli enis swavlebaSi.
50
nawili 2
zogadevropuli enebis Sefasebis programa da
evropuli enobrivi portfolio
Ubobnfespwf!fojt!txbwmfcjt!nfUpefcj!eb!!nptxbwmjt!ebnpvljefcmpcjt!hbowjUbsfcb!
51
Sesavali
CEFR eb!Ubobnfespwf!fofcjt!tjmbcvtfcj!
maswavleblebis amocana sakmaod ioldeba, rodesac silabusebi ganisaz-
Rvreba CEFR-Tan SesabamisobiT, rogorc amas adgili hqonda safrangeTSi
Tanamedrove enebis silabusebis SemTxvevaSi. es silabusebi ara marto adgenen
enobrivi kvalificiurobis moTxovnil doneebs CEFR-is mier warmodgenili Se-
fasebis doneebis mixedviT, aramed gvkarnaxoben im ganaTlebis Sinaarss, ro-
melic unda iyos mowodebuli. am Sinaarsis gamokvleva gviCvenebs CEFR-Si da ELP-Si aRweril maCveneblebTan mis sakmaod maRal Tavsebadobas.
modiT, vnaxoT, Tu rogor aris gaTvaliswinebuli CEFR-is saganmanaTle-
blo moqmedebis sqema sxvadasxva etapze.
dawyebiTi skolisa da sabazo skolis (colleges) silabusebi did yuradRe-
bas amaxvileben mizanmimarTul midgomaze. isini CamoTvlian enis funqciebs (sax-
elis Tqma, winadadebis Setana, dabadebis dRis milocva da misT.), romelic
moswavlem unda iswavlos, raTa gamoiyenos Sesabamisi gamoTqmebis Sesas-
ruleblad da romelic SesaZloa warmoadgendes martiv davalebas (rogoricaa
pirovnebis wardgena, gzis gakvleva da a. S.). SemTxvevaTa umravlesobaSi
gvxvdeba mWidro kavSiri am siebsa da qveda saSualo skolis ELP-is A1 da A2 doneebis deskriptorebs Soris.
auraluri aRqma (mosmena) Sesamowmebeli sia qveda saSualosTvis:
SeuZlia martivi instruqciebisa da A1. SemiZlia gavigo martivi instruqciebi da informacia,
informaciis gageba,
Tu is aris mkafio da martivi. A1. SemiZlia gavigo martivi gavrcelebuli yoveldRiuri
gamonaTqvamebi (Tanxmoba, uaryofa, madlobis gadaxda).
winadadebebis magaliTebi:
- instruqciebi da mimarTulebebi;
- gavrcelebuli yoveldRiuri gamoTqmebi;
- misT.
vizualuri aRqma (kiTxva)
SeuZlia gaigos mokle martivi teqstebi teqstebis ELP-is Sesamowmebeli siis
winadadebebis magaliTebi: magaliTebi skolebis sawyis etapebze:
- instruqciebi da mimarTulebebi; A1. SemiZlia gavigo da mivyve martiv
- korespodencia; direqtivebs gezis gagnebis Tvalsaz-
- misT. risiT (anu quCaSi erTi adgilidan meo-
reze wasvla);
A2. SemiZlia gavigo mokle piraduli
Sinaarsis werili
`Tanamedrove ucxo enebis swavlebis silabusebi
I donis kolejebisTvis~ (agvisto 2005)
funqciaTa am siebisTvis saerTo punqtebi SezRuduli ar aris, magram is-
ini exebian silabusebis sxva komponentebsac.
strategiis ganviTarebas mniSvneloba aqvs dawyebiTi skolidan zeviT. ad-
vili sanaxavia ELP-is deskriptorebs Soris silabusebSi micemuli rekomenda-
ciebis asaxva. aviRoT zepiri interaqtivis magaliTi.
52
silabusebis Sinaarsebsa da CEFR-sa an ELP-s Soris Sesabamisoba, cxadia, moicavs komunikaciur kompetenciasac. silabusebSi agreTve asaxulia gansxvaveba
zepir warmoebasa da zepir interaqtivs Soris.
`kolejSi aucilebelia gamovarCioT da ganvaviTaroT zepiri gamoxatva
misi orive mimarTulebiT (zepiri warmoTqma da zepiri interaqtivi), romelTagan
orive moicavs warmoTqmis situaciebs da SesaZleblobebs; isini unda dafasdes
da Sefasdes maTi interesebidan gamomdinare...~ `Tanamedrove ucxo enebis swavlebis silabusebi I donis kolejebisTvis~ (agvisto 2005)
es yvelaferi iqneboda arasrulyofili da aradamakmayofilebeli, Tu aR-
niSnuli Sesabamisoba ar moicavda gramatikul da leqsikur kompetenciebs. gan-
martebis mixedviT, CEFR-s, romelic yvela enisTvis saerTo meTodikaa, ar
SeuZlia daazustos lingvisturi Sinaarsi, rac aucilebelia enis aqtivobebis
Casatareblad kompetenciis sxvadasxva doneze.
Sesabamisad, damatebiTi aqtivoba unda CaerTos CEFR-Si, kerZod, lingvis-
turi Sinaarsis specifikacia – erTi enis Seswavla meore enis meSveobiT, ro-
melic Seesabameba kompetenciis doneebs. es Sinaarsebi ukve gamoica fran-
gulisTvis (Referentiel pour le FLE, Editions Didier, 2004) da germanulisTvis (Profile deutsch, Langenscheidt, 2005) da mzadebis procesSia sxva evropuli enebisTvis.
specifikaciebi mzaddeba sxvadasxva qveynebidan sxvadasxva eniT
dainteresebuli eqspertebis mier: franguli sazogadoeba belgiaSi, safrangeTi
da frangulad molaparake Sveicariis nawili franguls adgens ucxoelebisaT-
vis da avstria, germania da germanulad molaparake Sveicaria, aseve, germanuls
- ucxoelebisTvis.
germanuli amJamad aris erTaderTi Tanamedrove ucxo ena safrangeTSi, A1 donidan C2 donemde maxasiaTeblebiT, magaliTad, SegviZlia SevadaroT gramati-
kuli Sinaarsebi, romlebic arCeulia Profile Doiche-s avtorebis mier A2 donisT-
vis qveda saSualo skolis 1 donis (A2) silabusebis moTxovnebTan, raSic
Zalian mkacri Sesabamisobaa.
Tanmimdevroba, romliTac fasdeba CEFR-Si skolis sawyisi etapis sila-
busebSi, avtorebs aiZulebs arCevanis gakeTebas. savaraudoa, rom eseni Ti-
Toeuli enisTvis damtkicdeba, rodesac konkretuli detalebi gamoicema.
rogorc CEFR-is procesis mier Seqmnili stimulirebis Sedegi, SegviZlia
visaubroT saerTo Sefasebebis evropuli sivrcis TandaTanobiT damtkicebaze,
magaliTad, rogoricaa erTi enis meore enis meSveobiT Seswavla da ormxrivi
damoukidebloba kompetenciis doneebSi damtkicebuli diplomebiTa da ga-
mocdebiT TiToeul qveyanaSi, saidanac SegviZlia visaubroT kvalifikaciis gan-
viTarebaze moswavleebis doneebis SefasebaSi CEFR-is mixedviT.
yuradRebiani mkiTxveli SeamCnevda am SeniSvnebidan, rom aranairi SeniS-
vna ar gakeTebula skolis damamTavrebeli etapisaTvis (lycee) silabusebze.
amis mizezia is, rom isini mxolod Zalian mcire raodenobis enobriv Sinaarss
moicaven swavlebisTvis. miuxedavad amisa, isini mtkiced afiqsireben kompeten-
ciebis doneebs, romlebic unda iqnes miRweuli `terminaluri~ etapis bolos
CEFR-Tan mimarTebiT. amis gamo maswavleblebi pasuxismgebelni arian, silabuse-
bis mixedviT moswavleebis miRwevebis konsolidirebasa da maTTvis daxmarebis
gawevaze am doneebis misaRwevad. SinaarsiT es agreTve niSnavs mimarTvas CEFR-Si Sesabamisi debulebebisaTvis.
meore mxriv, CEFR-i naTlad ar ganmartavs kulturul Sinaarss, ro-
melic unda gadaices an kulturaTaSorisi kompetenciebis komponentebs, ro-
melic unda SeiZinon. Cven vnaxeT 1 TavSi, rom CEFR-is midgoma am aspeqts moi-cavs, magram ar amuSavebs mas. amis gamo, CEFR-i ar iqneba sakmarisi silabusebis
gansaxorcieleblad maT mTlianobaSi.
53
am Ria SeniSvnebis mizania, dagvanaxos, rom CEFR-i da ELP-i ar aris Tanamedrove enebis silabusebis alternativebi. E es ori meTodi mniSvnelovani
daxmareba iqneba imisaTvis, raTa praqtikulad ganxorcieldes silabusebis enis
swavlebis mimarTulebebi, rogorc formalurad, ise arsobrivad; evropaSi maTi
saerTo pasuxismgeblobis ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT aseve didi daxmareba
iqneboda Tanamedrove enebis swavlebasTan da moswavleebis kompetenciis donis
Sefaseba maT mier Setanili wvlilis mixedviT.
meore nawilis sam TavSi xSirad viyenebT gamoTqmebs: `sasurvelia..~, `mas-
wavlebelma unda ...~, `aucilebelia...~', da sxva, SezRuduli gamoxatvis formebi.
isini unda ganvixiloT imis asaxvis procesis nawilad, rac Seadgens swavlebis
midgomas, romelic iyenebs CEFR-sa da ELP-s. albaT unda vTxovoT mkiTxvels,
gonebrivad daumatos TiToeul am gamonaTqvams: `Tu maswavlebels surs gamoi-
yenos evropis sabWos meTodebis es Tanmimdevroba~.
54
Tavi 1
CEFR.jt!eb!ELP.jt!hbnpzfofcb!hblwfUjmjt!Dbtbubsfcmbe!
!
CEFR-is gamoyeneba enis gakveTilis Catarebisas da moqmedebis sqemebi,
romelsac miyveba moswavleebis jgufi, upirveles yovlisa, niSnavs sakomuni-
kacio davalebebis maTTan erTad gakeTebuli samuSaos centralur nawilad ga-
mocxadebas. Cven vnaxeT I nawilis me-2 TavSi, Tu ra igulisxmeba zustad CEFR-is `davalebis~ qveS, Tu rogor SeuZliaT maswavleblebs, gaaanalizon saswavlo
marTvis bloki saxelmZRvaneloebSi ise, rom amoicnon warmodgenili davaleba;
Tu rogor SeuZliaT maT am saswavlo masalis amocanebis adaptireba, raTa es
amocanebi ukeT Seesabamebodes maTi klasis konkretul moTxovnebs.
saerTod, swavlebis procesis progresisTvis sasurvelia is wamyvani Zala,
romelic sakmarisad uzrunvelyofili iqneboda TviTSefasebis badiTa da ELP-is Sesamowmebeli siiT. maswavlebels ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis gadawyvetis saSu-
aleba eqneba, romlis gaswvrivac enobrivi kompetenciebi unda ganviTardnen
moswavlis kompetenciis erTi an progresuli Sefasebis da im davalebebis sa-
fuZvelze, romelTa Sesrulebac SeuZliaT maTTvis sasurvel enaze. maswavle-
belTa gundis an maswavleblis pedagogiur arCevanze damokidebulebiT,
SesaZlebeli iqneboda programis Seqmna, romelic jgufis yuradRebas garkveuli
periodiT gaamaxvilebda enobrivi aqtivobebis wyvilze (magaliTad, smeniTi
aRqma da zepiri gamoxatva). es ukeTes xedvas miscemda swavlebis midgomis
miznebsa da miRweul progress, gansakuTrebiT ELP-is meSveobiT. aseTi samuSaos
idealuri pirobebi, ra Tqma unda, aris moswavleTa jgufi, romelsac aqvs ab-
soluturad erTnairi kompetencia. Tumca, Semdegi gverdebis mizania gviCvenos,
rom maswavleblis mier CEFR-isa da ELP-is resursebis gamoyeneba, araTanabari
donis SemTxvevaSic, gvTavazobs garkveul gamosavals.
amis gamo, es Tavi SemogvTavazebs mraval prospeqts, romlebic unda
davicvaT CEFR-isa da ELP-is saswavlo procesSi progresuli CarTvisTvis.
1. sakomunikacio davalebebis SedgenaSi prioritetebis gansazRvra
mravali magaliTis daxmarebiT, yuradReba gavamaxviloT saxelmZRvanelos
meore TavSi SemoTavazebul amocanebze, romlebsac SeuZliaT daakmayofilon
prioritetebis farTo speqtri: prioriteti SeiZleba iyos Tundac strategiebis
ganviTareba, lingvisturi an pragmatuli kompetencia, sociokulturuli codna
da a. S.
mowodebuli enis specifikuri bunebisa da klasis moTxovnebis gaTvalis-
winebiT, maswavleblebs SeuZliaT iseT davalebebze aiRon orientacia, romle-
bic asaxaven sakomunikacio davalebis sxvadasxva komponents Soris arsebul
konkretul problemebs. Tumca, maTTvis sasargeblo iqneba, ar ugulebelyon
arc erTi aspeqti. CEFR-i xazs usvams, rom yvela es komponenti moswavleebis
mier Tanamedrove enis swavlaSi progresis damxmarea.
CEFR-i, rogorc am arCevanTa saxelmZRvanelo, gvTavazobs badeebs, romle-
bic moicaven ramdenime aseT komponents im progresis dasadgenad, rasac yvela
enis maswavlebeli SeiZleba daeyrdnos, magaliTad, strategiis gamomuSavebaSi.
es badeebi gvxvdeba CEFR-is me-4 TavSi, gv. 58-88. magaliTad, Cven gadmoviReT ori
maTgani, 38-e badidan aRebuli evropis sabWos dokumenti:
55
zemoT moyvanili bade zepirmetyvelebis `dagegmvis~ winapirobaa
(prezentacia an aRwera, moxseneba, gancxadeba da misT.). nebismieri maswavlebeli
advilad dainaxavs, rom moyvanili Sefasebebis gamoyeneba daexmareba, advilad
gaarTvas Tavi saxelmZRvaneloSi moyvanil davalebebs an Seqmnan axali da-
valeba. maT mxolod rCevebi unda miscen moswavleebs, Tu rogor miiRon
monawileoba da naTeli gaxadon, Tu ras moelian maTgan davalebis Ses-
rulebisas am badis Sinaarsis safuZvelze.
56
1. 1. klasebsa da swavlebis etapebs Soris uwyvetobis uzrunvelyofa
swavlaSi uwyvetoba aris fundamenturi aucilebloba imisaTvis, rom
moswavleebs progresi daetyoT. Seswavlili enis gamoyenebaSi maTi progresis
gaioleba niSnavs moswavleebisaTvis saSualebis micemas, gamoiyenon maTi arse-
buli miRwevebi axali davalebebisaTvis, romlebic maT moeTxovebaT.
aq isev davalebis azri gamodis wina planze. yuradRebis gamaxvileba sa-
komunikacio kompetenciis erT komponentze, magaliTad, gramatikuli an leqsi-
kuri kompetencia, moswavlisaTvis ufro arTulebs swavlis procesis uwyveto-
bis gacnobierebas. es mniSvnelovani sakiTxi Cven unda vuCvenoT nawyvetiT ing-
lisuri enis saswavlebeli franguli saxelmZRvanelodan dawyebiT skolaSi
saSualo ganaTlebis pirvel wels (sixieme). dawyebiTi skolis damamTavrebeli etapis da sixieme-s Soris uwyvetobis SesaZleblobis ukeTesi maCveneblis mixedviT, SegviZlia vimsjeloT, Tu ra aris
naswavli inglisuris saxelmZRvanelodan, romelic gamoyenebulia dawyebiTi
skolis bolos (Domino & Co., 2005) da davadginoT davalebebi an ganvsazRvroT
situaciebi ELP-is deskriptorebTan SesabamisobaSi.
A1. laparaki sxvasTan
SemiZlia vTqva, vin var, sad davibade, sad vcxovrob da movTxovo igive
informacia sxvas.
SemiZlia vTqva Cemi saxeli;
SemiZlia aso-aso vTqva Cemi saxeli;
SemiZlia vkiTxo sxvas misi saxeli;
SemiZlia vTqva, ras vakeTeb, rogor var da vkiTxo sxvas amis Sesaxeb;
SemiZlia vTqva, rogor var da sxvas vkiTxo, rogor aris is;
SemiZlia warvadgino vinme, mivesalo mas da davemSvidobo;
SemiZlia warvadgino vinme, vTqva misi saxeli;
SemiZlia warvadgino vinme, vTqva misi kavSiri CemTan (naTesavi,
megobari);
SemiZlia vikiTxo sxvisi saxeli;
SemiZlia gamoviyeno martivi, CemTvis nacnobi gamoTqmebi;
SemiZlia gamovxato madloba;
SemiZlia mivuloco dabadebis dRe;
SemiZlia sxvas mivuloco axali weli;
SemiZlia martivad vesaubro xalxs, visac vicnob da sxvas davusva
kiTxvebi;
SemiZlia aRvniSno sxvisi Tviseba an xasiaTi;
SemiZlia aRvwero sxva;
SeiZlia vTqva ramis feri;
SemiZlia vupasuxo martiv pirad kiTxvebs da davsva msgavsi kiTxvebi;
SemiZlia vTqva, Tu raime tyuilia an marTali;
SemiZlia aRvwero amindi;
SemiZlia vTqva, Tu ris gakeTeba SemiZlia;
SemiZlia vTqva, ris gakeTeba miyvars da risa – ara;
SemiZlia vkiTxo sxvas ris gakeTeba uyvars da risa _ ara;
SemiZlia daTvla, raodenobebis aRniSnva, drois gamoxatva;
SemiZlia 12-mde daTvla;
SemiZlia mimateba, gamokleba da martivi gayofis Sesruleba;
SemiZlia telefonis nomris micema;
SemiZlia Cemi asakis Tqma da sxvisTvis imaves kiTxva;
SemiZlia warvudgino an SevTavazo vinmes rame;
SemiZlia vTxovo vinmes rame;
57
SemiZlia visaubro Sexvedrebze, magaliTad, sityva `Semdegis~ gamoyene-
biT: `Semdeg kviras~, `gasul paraskevs~, `noemberSi~, `sam saaTze~.
SemiZlia vTqva, ra dRea, ra dRe iyo guSin da ra dRe iqneba
xval.
A1 mosmena da gageba
SemiZlia gavigo martivi instruqciebi da informacia.
SemiZlia klasSi samuSao instruqciebi gavigo;
SemiZlia gavigo nacnobi gamoTqmebi (misalmeba, madloba, sau-
keTeso survilebiT da misT.).
A1 sametyevlo produqti
SemiZlia winadadebebis ageba Semdegi sityvebis gamoyenebiT: `da~, `ma-
gram~, `Semdeg~
SemiZlia aRvwero Cemi ojaxi;
SemiZlia vTqva, ra cxovelebi myavs;
SemiZlia winadadebebi avago `da~-s gamoyenebiT.
A1 wera
SemiZlia gavimeoro sityvebi, mokle winadadebebi, martivi instru-
qciebi Secdomebis daSvebis gareSe;
SemiZlia Sevavso ganacxadis forma Cemi saxelis, asakis da misamarTis
miTiTebiT.
es CamonaTvali gvTavazobs ramdenime meTods Sesrulebuli samuSaos sak-
mao uwyvetobis uzrunvelsayofad, risTvisac moswavleebs eZlevaT saSualeba
gamoiyenon am situaciebsa da davalebebTan dakavSirebuli codna da gaam-
didron maT mflobelobaSi myofi gamoxatvisa da gagebis saSualebebi. Tumca es
ori aspeqti Semdgom unda ganvixiloT.
upirveles yovlisa, Sesrulebuli amocanis uwyvetoba. pirveli nawilis
me-2 Tavma gviCvena, rom amocanis ganmsazRvrel parametrebSi gare situacia
TamaSobs rols, romelic mniSvnelovania enis Seswavlis adreul etapebze.
imisTvis, raTa namdvili uwyvetobis saSualeba iyos dawyebiT skolasa da sixieme -s Soris, amis gamo, mniSvnelovani iqneboda yuradReba dagveTmo im situaciebis
uwyvetobisTvis, romlebSic davalebebi moswavleebis mier unda Sesruldes.
58
magaliTisaTvis, modiT, aviRoT sakomunikacio davaleba sax-
elmZRvaneloebSi - `winadadebis daTanxmeba an uaryofa~, romelic aris dawye-
biTi skolis saswavlo savarjiSos Tema da is Setanilia saSualo skolis
pirveli wlis da vnaxoT, Tu aris is warmodgenili dawyebiTi skolis sax-
elmZRvaneloSi.
dawyebiT skolaSi am saxelmZRvanelosTan momuSave moswavleebs amis gamo
naswavli aqvT Sedgenili winadadebis gageba martivi formiT da maTze `diax~ da
`ara~-s pasuxi. ras naxaven Semdegi wlis germanul saxelmZRvaneloebSi pirveli
wlis saSualo skolisTvis?
59
amocana dakavSirebulia imave enobriv funqciasTan, magram iRebs Zalian
gansxvavebul formas. aq moswavleebma unda gaigon winadadeba, romelic
izolirebul mesame mxares dialogSi ramdenime urTierTgacvlis TanxlebiT
SesTavazes. maT unda daadginon es mxareebi _ miiReben Tu uaryofen am wi-
nadadebas.
ufro metic, martivi forma “willst du…?~ ar gamoiyeneba. gamoTqma Seicavs
ufro rTul lingvistur formebs (rogoricaa `machst du mit?/gern/klar/das geht nicht/…~).
uwyvetobis interesebidan gamomdinare, germanelma maswavleblebma, rom-
lebsac moswavleebi hyavT TavianT klasebSi da muSaobdnen dawyebiTi skolis
zemoT aRniSnuli saxelmZRvaneloTi, amis gamo unda gamoiyenon am sax-
elmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili aqtivobebi `willst du…?~ formis uSualod gamoyene-
bis meSveobiT, vidre ar gamdidrdeba moswavlis gamoTqmebi maT sax-
elmZRvaneloebSi moyvanili kidev sxva lingvisturi formebiT. ra Tqma unda,
savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom pirveli wlis saSualo skolis klasi Sedgeba sxva
saSualo skolebis moswavleebisgan, romlebsac ar umuSaviaT am sax-
elmZRvaneloze. am SemTxvevaSi maswavleblebs SeuZliaT gadawyviton, kiTxviT
mimarTon uSualod moswavleebs, romlebsac miaCniaT, rom daZleven am ga-
moTqmebs. es midgoma, rogorc Cans, gaioldeba, Tu sxvadasxva parametris masala
mowodebuli iqneba, ase vTqvaT, `napralis amovsebiT~ dawyebiT da saSualo
skolas Soris.
axla unda avirCioT SemTxveviTi davaleba, romelic gvxvdeba dawyebiTi
skolis inglisuris saxelmZRvaneloSi da SevadaroT imave enis saSualo sko-
lis pirveli wlisas.
60
amocana identuria. is moicavs gamonaTqvams, Tu rogori amindia. situacia
Zalian msgavsia: amindis prognozis mosmena Sesabamisi informaciis maCvenebeli
rukis gamoyenebiT; mokle amindis prognozis dawera ramdenime qalaqis an
qveynisaTvis. gansxvavebebi exeba leqsikur elementebs (oTxi dawyebiTi skolis
saxelmZRvanelos 3 etapze, me-11 saSualo skolis pirveli wlis sax-
elmZRvaneloSi), amindis rukis mier mocul sferoebs (pirvel SemTxvevaSi -
didi britaneTi da meoregan – kontinenturi evropa). amis gamo ori sax-
elmZRvanelo uzrunvelyofs uwyvetobas, miT umetes, rom saSualo skolis
pirveli wlis maswavleblebma unda ganaaxlon moswavlis codna maTTvis mokle
winaswar davalebebis micemiT, rac SesaZlebelia klasSive Sesruldes.
am Sedarebebidan SeiZleba gamovitanoT Semdegi daskvnebi: SecdomaSi Sey-
vana iqneboda enis funqciebis farglebSi uwyvetobaze gvefiqra (am SemTxvevaSi
winadadebis miReba an uaryofa imis aRniSvniT, Tu rogori amindia) an Tundac
ELP-is deskriptorebis saTaurebis safuZvelze. maswavleblebma naTlad unda
gamoikvlion situaciebi, romlebsac moicavs davalebebi da Tuki saWiro
gaxdeba, moaxdinon maTi adaptireba, raTa im situaciebSi moswavleebisTvis
TvalsaCino uwyvetoba miiRon. isini unda Seecadon, erTi mxriv, moswavleebs
miscen saSualeba, gamoiyenon maTi dawyebiTi saskolo miRwevebi da, meore mxriv,
gaamdidron am davalebis Sesasrulebeli maTTvis xelmisawvdomi enobrivi re-
sursebi.
1. 2. xelmisawvdomi lingvisturi resursebis gamdidreba
dawyebiT skolasa da saSualo skolis pirvel wels Soris uwyvetobis am
orma magaliTma gamoavlina sxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxi (winadadebis miReba an
uaryofa; amindis aRwera), pirveli ori wlis saxelmZRvanelo amdidrebs
moswavleTaTvis xelmisawvdom lingvistur saxesxvaobebs.
61
ra Tqma unda, rogorc Cven es vnaxeT I nawilis me-3 TavSi, davaleba da-
kavSirebulia kompetenciis donis TviTSefasebis badesTan da es kavSiri unda
iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli SefasebaSi. miuxedavad amisa, ra Tqma unda,
mniSvnelovania ganvagrZoT kompetenciis da codnis ganviTareba, rac sasarge-
bloa am davalebis Sesasruleblad. aqedan gamomdinare, imisaTvis, rom es amo-
cana Sesruldes, iq, sadac warmodgenili iqneba romelime maTganis Sesatyvisoba,
miviCnevT, rom, moswavleebs A1 doneze SeuZliaT martivi gamoTqmebis Sedgena,
magaliTad, `Cemi saxelia~ `Ich hei?e…~ or `Me llamo…~, magram unda iyos
mcdeloba, maT saSualeba mieceT, SeiZinon sxva enobrivi resursebi da ga-
moTqmebi, Tundac `Cemi saxelia~-s Tqma aRar aRiqmebodes A1 donis zeviT Sesas-
rulebel amocanad.
modiT, vnaxoT, am argumentis ilustracia inglisur saxelmZRvaneloSi
saSualo skolis sabazo safexuris mesame wels. davalebis pirveli nawili
Sedgeba frazisagan, magram gamoyenebuli lingvisturi resursebi ufro metadaa
damuSavebuli, vidre es moeTxoveba A1-dones, dones, romlisTvisac kompetenciis
deskriptori (ELP kolejebisaTvis) warmodgenilia ase: `SemiZlia vTqva, ras
vakeTeb, rogor var da sxvasac vkiTxo, rogor aris~.
azri seriozulad damaxinjdeboda, rom gvefiqra: CEFR-isa da ELP-is Sesamowmebeli siiT progresis Sesabamisad `amocaniT xelmZRvaneloba~ av-
tomaturad daadgenda amocanasa da misaReb lingvistur resurss Soris kavSirs.
Cven vnaxeT, rom aseTi pirdapiri urTierTdamokidebuleba ar arsebobs strate-
giaSi moswavleebis mier aTvisebuli kompetenciis donis Sesafaseblad. miuxeda-
vad amisa, swavlebisa da swavlisaTvis es ar niSnavs imis sapirispiros, rom
yvela tipis davalebis Sesruleba ar SeiZleboda, rom gaumjobesebuliyo komu-
nikaciuri kompetenciis zrdis pirdapirproporciulad.
62
2. enobrivi aqtivobebis dadgena micemuli davalebebis mixedviT
rogorc wesi, enis saxelmZRvaneloebi sxvadasxva formebiT gamoyenebul
enis aqtivobebs Seicaven.
enobrivi aqtivobebis sia mowodebulia qvemoT moyvanil nawyvetSi, romlis
mixedviT xorcieldeba mecadineoba saSualo skolis damamTavrebel etapze (ly-cees) inglisuris saxelmZRvanelodan moyvanili swavlebis blokis dasawyisSi.
Cven iq vkiTxulobT, rom dgindeba xuTi gansxvavebuli aqtivoba (smeniTi aRqma,
vizualuri aRqma, zepiri interaqtivi, zepiri metyveleba da weriTi gamoxatva)
saxelmZRvaneloSi erT-erTi teqstis gamoyenebisas.
v
qvemoT moyvanili espanuris saxelmZRvanelo agreTve gamoarCevs dokumen-
tis nawilobrivi komentirebisadmi miZRvnil sxvadasxva enobriv aqtivobebs: Sem-
degi nawyveti moicavs zepiri interaqtivis magaliTebs (muSaoba patara
jgufebSi), zepiri metyveleba da weriTi gamoxatva.
63
aq aRvniSnavT `saubarSi monawileobis miRebas~ da `zepir metyvelebas~
Soris gansxvavebis Taobaze zogad warmodgenas.
amas mivyavarT jer kidev naklebad gamoyenebuli meore gzis aRiarebamde,
romelic sxvadasxva enis aqtivobebis dakavSirebas gulisxmobs wignis progre-
sis mixedviT, kerZod, moswavlis kompetenciis fokusireba erT an or enobriv
aqtivobaSi.
udavoa, rom germanul saxelmZRvaneloSi enis aqtivobaze aqcentireba ar
niSnavs, rom sxva aqtivobebi imave gverdidan ugulebelyofilia. saqme exeba
mxolod miznebisTvis prioritetis micemas, kompetenciis zrdasa da Sesabamisi
enis aqtivobis Sefasebas. erT mTlianobad samuSaoSi CarTvis grZnoba, savarau-
dod, gazrdis moswavleebis motivacias.
3. sakomunikacio davalebebiT erTiani mimarTulebis SemoTavazeba
1-li nawilis me-2 TavSi ukve aRvniSneT, rodesac swavlebis aqtivobebis
safrTxe momdinareobs Warbi davalebebidan, is saswavlo procesis mimdinareo-
bis mTlianobasa da mniSvnelobas uqmnis safrTxes. qvemoT Cven vnaxavT, rom
ELP-is Sesamowmebeli siis erT-erTi roli saswavlo midgomis erTianobas
ufro naTels unda xdides. es damokidebuleba igrZnoba mTel sax-
elmZRvaneloSi. `saxelmZRvanelos amocana~ sruliad Seesabameba erTianobis
problemas da kompetenciis TandaTanobiT zrdas.
am ganacxadis saCveneblad unda aviRoT sami Zalze gansxvavebuli ma-
galiTi.
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es naxevari gverdi swavlebis meqanizmia, romelic aRwers demonstra-
ciisas fotografis reaqcias da igi dawerilia sagazeTo statiaSi, romelic
gamoica 2004 wels gazeTSi El Pais. am saxelmZRvaneloSi vxedavT klasis aqtivo-
bis saerTo Tanmimdevrulobas, romelic moicavs am wyaros klasis mier gamo-
yenebas: Suamavlis mier Sinaarsis moxsenebasa (Comprender y presentar) da Semdeg amaze saubars (Expresarse). teqstze muSaobis pirvel nawilSi moswavleebs mie-
wodebaT mkacri instruqcia, rom waikiTxon teqstSi arsebuli es specifikuri
pasaJi, romelic pirdapirproporciulia maTTvis miwodebuli leqsikuri mara-
gisa (sasaubro leqsikonis gamoyeneba). yvelaferi mTliandeba da TandaTanobiTi
koleqtiurad yalibdeba logikuri komentarebi.
65
zemoT moyvanili inglisuris saxelmZRvanelo moqmedebs sruliad
gansxvavebulad. swavlebis es meTodi miznad isaxavs teqstis nawyvetis gamoyene-
bas msaxiob sidni poiteris biografiidan. saxelmZRvanelo organizebas ukeTebs
gakveTilis Catarebas sam ZiriTad etapad:
- teqstis gageba da wyaroebze dayrdnobiT misi momzadeba. sidni poiteris
mokle biografia gadmocemulia teqstis dasawyisSi (1-11 striqonebi) da am msax-
iobze garkveuli informaciis dadgenis saSualebas iZleva;
66
- samuSao situaciebi teqstis ori nawilisaTvis (striqonebi 12-dan 18-mde
da Semdeg 19-dan teqstis bolomde): es samuSao instruqciebi davalebis gagebas
da gamoxatvas moicavs, koleqtiur gamoxatvas jgufis mier da ufro metad _
individualur zepir producirebas (gasameorebeli Tavi);
- davalebis samuSaos gagrZeleba, axsna da komentarebi teqstis Sinaarsze
TargmniTi da weriTi gamoxatvis aqtivobebiT.
zemoT naxsenebi espanuri saxelmZRvaneloebisagan gansxvavebiT, swavlebis
midgomaSi aRar aris arc erTi erTeuli: gamoyenebulia samuSao teqstisgan
gansxvavebuli dokumenti da moswavleebisaTvis moTxovnili aqtivoba sakmaod
Secvlilia. Tumca erTianoba naTeli gaxda ori mniSvnelovani faqtoriT. yve-
laferi xels uwyobs erTi da imave teqstis gamoyenebas. Sesrulebuli enobrivi
aqtivobebis Tanmimdevruloba iyenebs midgomas, romelic yvela moswavlisaTvis
aris gasagebi: informaciis moZieba da gacvlebi, Sualeduri Tanmimdevruloba
da Semdeg piradi reaqciebi da, sabolood, teqstisgan daSoreba sxva enaze
gadasvliT da gamoTqmebis individualizaciiT teqstSi aRwerili situaciis
Sesaxeb.
qvemoT moyvanili germanuli saxelmZRvanelodan nawyvetebi uCvenebs, rom
`bilikis~ idea SesaZlebelia iRebdes wina ori wignisagan Zalian gansxvavebul
formebs.
67
68
rogorc inglisurisa da espanuris saxelmZRvaneloebSi, es gverdebic
gvTavazoben sqemas moswavleebisTvis. biliks isini sxvadasxva dokumentebTan
dakavSirebul davalebebamde mihyavs. mocemuli sakomunikacio davalebebi yvela
am Tavis dasawyisSi Camoyalibebul problemas exeba, kerZod, ra pirobebs unda
akmayofilebdes, rom kargad airCion moswavleTa warmomadgeneli? rogorc sax-
elmZRvanelos 1-li nawilis me-2 TavSi aRiniSna, yvela am davalebas Soris er-
Tianoba miiReba maTi koleqtiuri wvlilidan koleqtiur Ziebamde sawyisi kiTx-
viT. Cven aq garkveuli tipis scenari gvaqvs, romelSic sxvadasxvagvari wyaro
da sxvadasxva enobrivi aqtivoba asocirdeba Ziebis procesSi warmodgenili
saerTo davalebis Sesrulebis WrilSi.
SesaZlebelia SevniSnoT sxva mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba am da or sxva
saxelmZRvanelos Soris:
- situaciebi, romlebic iqmneba am davalebebisTvis, saTaves iReben
moswavleebis yoveldRiur realobaSi (rolisa da moswavlis mier ar-
Ceuli warmomadgenlis idealuri profilis dadgena), da moswavleebs
moeTxovebaT, Seasrulon es davalebebi piradad an rogorc skolis
sazogadoebis wevrebma;
- enis gagebis TiToeuli aqtivoba gamoiyeneba specifikuri dokumentis
daxmarebiT (smeniTi aRqma germanel moswavleebTan interviuebis saxiT,
vizualuri aRqma plakatis da bukletis wasakiTxad, romlebic
moswavleTa warmomadgenlobis ofisis kandidatebis mier gaicema).
3. 1. moswavleebisaTvis saSualebis micema, raTa davalebebis
mniSvneloba aRiqvan maT progresTan SesabamisobaSi
Tanmimdevrulobis Ziebas, romelic warmodgenilia yvela magaliTSi,
mniSvnelovnad exmareba ELP-is gamoyeneba. moswavleebis avtonomiis ganviTareba or ZiriTad safuZvels moicavs:
TviTSefasebis swavla da aqtiuri monawileoba Semswavlelebis gadawyvetile-
bebSi maTi swavlis mimarTulebebis Sesaxeb, rogorc maswavleblis, ise moswav-
lis rolebis dacviT.
es farTod gavrcelebuli saswavlo miznebia, romlebic amJamad nawilo-
briv aisaxeba saswavlo praqtikasa da saxelmZRvaneloebSi. CEFR ar warmoadgens am mimarTulebis cvlilebas, aramed maswavleblebs awvdis Zalian sasargeblo
meTodebs maTi qmedebis am mimarTulebiT gasaZliereblad.
CEFR-is erT-erTi umTavresi damsaxurebaa moswavleebisTvis saSualebis
micema, daanaxon TavianTi kompetenciebis zrda konkretulad Sesrulebuli
swavlebis ganmavlobaSi da maTi progresis monitoringi maswavleblis mier.
am mizniT, maswavlebelma unda izrunos, moswavlesTan erTad Seafasos
Sesrulebuli samuSao Sesamowmebeli ELP siis gamoyenebiT. Sesamowmebeli siebi
deskriptorebze orientirebis kompetenciis dones qmnian, im pirobiT, rom mas-
wavlebeli pativs scems CEFR-is mier nakarnaxev progress. am orientirebis mi-zania, moswavleebs xeli Seuwyos sxvadasxva aqtivobaSi dasmuli davalebebis
meSveobiT miRwevebis Sefasebas.
am meTodis maqsimalurad gamoyenebis yvelaze Sesaferisi swavlebis me-
Todi SefasebisTvis saswavlo erTeulis an erTeulebis Semdeg regularuli
intervalebis gamoyofa da Catarebuli davalebebis Sesabamisad deskriptorebis
dadgenis mcdelobaa. aman, SesaZlebelia, mocemuli aqtivobebis azri da
daniSnuleba moswavleebisaTvis naTeli gaxados.
ufro metic, am Sesamowmebeli siebis regularul gamoyenebas upiratesoba
aqvs gakveTilis Catarebis saerTo Tanmimdevrulobis gamowvevis TvalsazrisiT,
69
romelic SesaZloa xandaxan dazaraldes am mimarTebiT aSkara deficitis gamo.
`davalebebis mqone saxelmZRvanelos~ erT-erTi yvelaze Cveulebrivi kritika
aris, rogorc es zemoT vnaxeT, swavlebis erTeulis aqtivobebad dayofis riski,
maT Soris raime aSkara kavSiris gareSe. agreTve davinaxeT, rom arsebobs am
riskis Semcirebis saSualebebic. maswavleblisa da moswavlisaTvis Zalian
efeqturia ELP-is Sesamowmebel siasTan regularuli konsultacia: es moswav-
leebs arwmunebs, rom davalebebi ar aris maswavleblis an saxelmZRvanelos av-
toris arsebuli an SemTxveviTi arCevanis Sedegi, aramed isini arian specifi-
kuri donis kompetenciis nagebobis saSeni blokebi.
ra Tqma unda, efeqturobis saWiroeba varaudobs, rom Sesamowmebel sieb-
Tan muSaoba adaptirebulia moswavleebis asakTan da sakmaod xSirad moswav-
leebis gonebaSia CabeWdili da mas seriozulad unda mivudgeT, magram arc ise
xSiria, rom Tavidan Sesrulebul davalebebSi aviciloT realuri progresi.
bolo aspeqti gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa da miuTiTebs Tanamedrove ene-
bis erT-erT sirTuleze: dro, romelic saWiroa moswavlis erTi kompetenciis
donidan Semdeg doneze gadasayvanad, xandaxan Zalian xangrZlivia, rac ganpi-
robebulia pedagogiuri aucileblobiT, rom aRiniSnos namdvili progresi,
raTa moswavleebs swavlis motivacia mieceT.
ufro metic, CEFR (gv. 17) mogviwodebs enobrivi kvalificiurobis donee-
bisa da skalebis gardaqmnis winaaRmdeg, rogoricaa A1 da C2, TiTqos es aris
sworxazovani sazomi, saxazavis msgavsad. gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom B1-dan B2-ze gadasvlisTvis saWiroa enasTan gatarebuli ufro meti dro da bevrad metis
daufleba, vidre A2-dan B1-ze, iseve rogorc gadasvla A2-dan B1-ze aris
udavod ufro Zneli, vidre A1-dan A2-ze. erTi donidan Semdegze gadasvla moi-
cavs `aqtivobebis, unarebisa da enebis speqtris gafarToebas~.
es aris mizezi, ris gamoc CEFR gvirCevs, rom doneebis skala unda
Seicvalos Sualeduri doneebis SeqmniT da mravali magaliTi mohyavs. qvemoT
moyvanil aslSi avtorebi ganixilaven dawyebiTi skolisa da saSualo skolis
pirveli etapis SemTxvevas, romelSic moswavleebis doneebi moiTxovs A2 kate-goriis diferenciacias.
kompetenciis donis aRweris daxvewis SesaZlebloba miRebulia, magali-
Tad, frangul ELP-Si liceumisTvis. kompetenciis doneebi faqtobrivad
ukavSirdeba moswavleTa udides ricxvs, anu doneebi A2-dan B1-mde warmoadgens sam Sualedur etaps TiToeuli enobrivi aqtivobisTvis, rogorc es naCvenebia
auraluri aRqmis magaliTiT:
A2 done gansazRvrulia CEFR-Si TviTSefasebis badis mixedviT:
SemiZlia gavigo frazebi da xSirad gamoyenebuli leqsikoni, romelic da-
kavSirebulia yvelaze uSualo pirad kavSirebTan (anu ZiriTadi personaluri
da informacia ojaxis Sesaxeb, sayidlebi, garemo, dasaqmeba). SemiZlia ZiriTadi
ideebis daWera mokle, mkafio, martiv Setyobinebebsa da gancxadebebSi.
70
igive done:
A2-1, rodesac molaparake Segnebulad iyenebs TiTqmis gamonaklis sity-
vebsa da gamoTqmebs, romelic me unda mcodnoda....
SemiZlia gavigo...
A2-2, rodesac metyveli iyenebs martiv winadadebebs yoveldRiur sagnebze
salaparakod, radgan man icis, rom is elaparakeba imas, vinc swavlobs enas...
SemiZlia gavigo...
A2-3, rodesac molaparake mimarTavs farTo audiencias CemTvis nacnob Te-
mebze, Tumca sakmaod mokle da martivi winadadebebis gamoyenebiT....
SemiZlia gavigo...
B1 done ganisazRvreba TviTSefasebis badis mixedviT: SemiZlia gavigo
mTavari azrebi mkafio standartuli saubridan nacnob sakiTxebze, romlebic
regularulad gvxvdeba samsaxurSi, skolaSi, dasvenebisas da misT. SemiZlia ga-
vigo ZiriTadi azrebi radio da satelevizio gadacemebis programebis umravle-
sobaSi mimdinare movlenebze an piradi da profesiuli interesis Temebze, rode-
sac gadmocema SedarebiT neli da mkafioa. es B1 done ELP-is mixedviT aris 15
wlis asakisTvis da zeviT.
B1-1, rodesac mosaubre mkafiod warmoadgens sakuTar Tavs standartul
enaze da ar laparakobs Zalian grZlad (daaxloebiT ori-sami wuTi).
SemiZlia gavigo...
B1-2, rodesac metyveli warmoadgens sakuTar Tavs sakmaod vrcel Temebze,
romlebic dakavSirebulia silabusTan an yoveldRiur cxovrebasTan...
SemiZlia gavigo...
B1-3, rodesac vusmen radios an televizors Temebze, romlebic da-
kavSirebulia silabusTan an yoveldRiur cxovrebasTan...
SemiZlia gavigo...
TiToeuli am eqvsi Sualeduri donisaTvis es ELP warmoadgens specifi-kur deskriptorebs: B1-1, rodesac molaparake gamoxatavs sakuTar Tavs mkafiod
standartul enaze da ar saubrobs Zalian didxans (daaxloebiT ori-sami wuTi).
• SemiZlia gavigo naTqvami CemTvis nacnob da yoveldRiur sxvadasxva
Temaze, mokle daskvnebis CaTvliT; magaliTad, Zalian mokled Seva-
jamo prezentacia saganze silabusSi an yoveldRiuri cxovrebis
aspeqtSi, mocemuli werilis megobris an asistentis mier an Canaweris
daxmarebiT;
• SemiZlia gavigo radios axali ambebis ZiriTadi azri, biuletenebi da
martivi werilobiTi dokumentebi; magaliTad, gavigo informaciis
ZiriTad punqtebze ZiriTadi azri (statiebi, gadmocemuli movlenebi,
informaciis mniSvnelovneba...
• SemiZlia vrclad gavigo sxvebis mier dakavebuli pozicia diskusiaSi
im Temebze, romlebic kargad vici; magaliTad, gamovicno ori inter-
viudan Tu romeli iziarebs warmomdgenis mier gadmocemul erTsa da
imave azrs;
• SemiZlia gavigo faqtobrivi informacia da gamovicno ZiriTadi Setyo-
binebebi da detalebis punqtebi. magaliTad, Tu molaparake asaxelebs
mniSvnelovan faqts an uCvenebs mas detalebSi.
amgvarad, advilia moswavlis progresis gamoxatva konkretuli formiT.
SesaZlebelia, igive gakeTdes garkveuli analogiiT sportis, daTvis belebis,
fantelebis, varskvlavebis, TxilamurebiT srialis, an ZiudoSi yviTeli, mwvane,
cisferi qamrebisa da misT. gamoyenebiT.
71
3. 2. uSualo kavSiris Semqna saklaso oTaxis situaciasa da
ELP deskriptorebs Soris
kompetenciebis doneTa es dayofa Sualedur etapebad ar iyo miRebuli
ELP-Si dawyebiTi skolebisa da sabazo safexurisTvis (colleges). Tumca, Sesabamisi
midgoma SesaZlebelia gamoiyenebodes maswavlebelTa nebismieri gundisTvis.
meore midgoma aris is, romelic sakmaod exmareba zemoT moyvanils da
romelic SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT gundur muSaobaSi an, magaliTad, servis-
treningSi. es ar moicavs progresis amocnobas sxvadasxva deskriptoris mixed-
viT, aramed moicavs maTi damatebiTi situaciebis rigs, romlebSic moswavleebi
xelmZRvaneloben deskriptorebSi aRniSnuli davalebebis Sesrulebis Zalian
konkretuli saSualebebiT. moswavleebisaTvis situaciebis es sia uSualo da
naTel kavSirs amyarebs ELP-is Sesamowmebel siasa da maT mier miRebul codnas
Soris.
magaliTis saxiT unda aRvniSnoT Sroma, romelic Caatara Bas-Rhin-is in-
speqtoratis Tanamedrove enebis swavlebis xelmZRvanelebma maTi partniorTan
Haut-Rhin-sTan da Alsace-is skolebis maswavleblebTan axlo TanamSromlobiT ELP -is dawyebiT skolebSi muSaobis dasaxmareblad. A1 donis yoveli deskriptor-
isTvis avtorebma CamoTvales konkretuli situaciebi, romlebic moswavleebma
gamoscades. situaciis deskiptorebis Sesabamisi monakveTebi Seesabameba
sxvadasxva SesaZlo enebs, regionuli enis CaTvliT, romelzec laparakoben
moswavlis garemocvaSi.
swavlebis TvalsazrisiT es midgoma Zalian perspeqtiulia, im pirobiT,
rom acilebulia sakmao siaxlove gagonil an warmoTqmul gamonaTqvamebTan
imisTvis, rom gonebriv Targmans ar SevuwyoT xeli. aman SeiZleba ganapirobos
koleqtiuri maswavleblebis gundis, an individualuri maswavleblis mier enis
klasebSi Seqmnili situaciebis, gamoyenebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis, specifikuri
proeqtebis da swavlebis garemos konkretuli maxasiaTeblebis asaxva. Ti-
Toeuli kompetenciis donisTvis maswavleblebs SeuZliaT situaciebi daakavSi-
ron Sesamowmebeli siis deskriptorebTan. es SeniSvnebi SesaZlebelia gamoi-
yenon, magaliTad, sakvalifikacio ganaTlebaSi da savaraudo gacvlebSi, tren-
ingis periodebSi da sazRvargareT vizitebisas, iseve, rogorc es mocemulia ar-
alintgvistur ganaTlebaSi, mag. safrangeTSi, orenovan sqemebSi, evropul an
aziur-enobriv seqciebSi da sxva saerTaSoriso seqciebSi.
A1 - mosmena da gageba
deskriptori: SemiZlia martivi instruqciebis gageba
situaciebi:
mesmis, roca mTxoven Cemi savarjiSo wigni
an saxelmZRvanelo gadavSalo gv....
mesmis, roca mTxoven gamovide dafasTan
mesmis, roca gameorebas mTxoven
mesmis, roca mTxoven vilaparako ufro
xmamaRla an ufro nela
72
mesmis, roca mTxoven gadaviRo sityva
an winadadeba ganmeorebiT
mesmis, roca mTxoven wavikiTxo nawyveti
mesmis, roca mTxoven gamovWra suraTi
mesmis, roca dokumentis gakvras mTxoven
mesmis, roca mTxoven winadadeba davasrulo,
Sevajamo da misT.
mesmis, roca mTxoven Cemi nivTebi gadavdo
mesmis, roca mTxoven yuradReba gavamaxvilo
samuSao dokumenti, Bas-Rhin Academic Inspectorate
Zalian sasargeblo iqneboda TanamSromloba enis da enisagan gansxvave-
buli disciplinebis maswavleblebs Soris, rogorc maTTvis, aseve moswavlee-
bisaTvis, raTa gamovlindes enis im situaciebis gamoyeneba, romelsac moswav-
leebi Tavad gamocdian, asruleben davalebebis saxiT da romlebic SesaZlebe-
lia dakavSirebuli iyos enis kompetenciis doneebTan.
amis gamo aq warmodgenil midgomaSi, CEFR-sa da Tanamedrove enis swav-
las Soris kavSiri adgens Semdeg formas: globaluri skala A1: nacnobi
yoveldRiuri gamoTqmebis gageba da gamo-
yeneba da umTavresi frazebi, romlebic
gamiznulia konkretuli tipis moTxov-
nilebebis dasakmayofileblad [....] gv.
CEFR, gv. 24
TviTSefasebis A1 bade - mosmena: SemiZlia
gamovicno nacnobi sityvebi da Zalian
nacnobi frazebi Cemi, Cemi ojaxisa da
uSualo konkretuli garemos Sesaxeb,
roca xalxi laparakobs nela da gark-
veviT.
CEFR, gv. 26
ELP deskriptori SemiZlia gavigo martivi miTiTebebi da
informacia.
situaciebi:
mesmis, roca mTxoven gadavSalo Cemi
savarjiSos an saxelmZRvanelos wigni
....gverdze.
mesmis, roca meubnebian, gamovide
dafasTan.
mesmis, roca mTxoven gavimeoro.
mesmis, roca meubnebian, gavimeoro
zustad sityva an winadadeba xelmeo-
red.
mesmis, roca mTxoven nawyvetis wakiTxvas;
mesmis, roca mTxoven gamovWra suraTi;
mesmis, roca mTxoven Cavakra dokumenti;
mesmis, roca mTxoven davasrulo winadadeba, Sevajamo da a. S.
mesmis, roca mTxoven davmalo Cemi nivTebi;
mesmis, roca mTxoven yuradRebiT viyo.
73
es kavSiri SesaZlebelia aRmoCndes rTuli, magram es mxolod
zedapiruli STabeWdilebaa.
is xels uwyobs maswavleblebs, kritikulad Seafason davalebebi,
romlebsac isini moiTxoven moswavleebisagan da, amasTanave, im davalebebis
Semadgenloba CEFR-is doneebTan SesabamisobaSi. es maT saSualebas aZlevs,
Seusabamon CEFR-is gamoyeneba saxelmZRvaneloebs. is Tavidan aacilebs
zedmetad moWarbebul Sexedulebas moswavleebs Soris, rom saklaso aqtivobebi
araefeqturi an uazroa da Sesamowmebel siebTan da TviTSefasebis badesTan
kavSirebiT am aqtivobebs konkretul mniSvnelobas aniWebs.
3. 3. moswavleebis xelSewyoba komunikaciur
amocanebSi maTi warmatebis dasadgenad
ELP-is deskriptorebis gamoyenebiT gakeTebuli Sefasebebis erTi
problema exeba mniSvnelovan gansxvavebas am davalebebSi moTxovnil jgufur da
individualur warmatebas Soris. swavlis periodis Semdeg Sefaseba saSualebas
unda aZlevdes moswavleebs, erTi mxriv, darwmundnen enis swavliT miRweuli
koleqtiuri progresis Sesaxeb da, meore mxriv, aseve darwmundnen
individualur safuZvelze maTi nawilobriv Tu srul, SemTxveviT Tu
regularul warmatebaze sakomunikacio davalebebis SesrulebaSi. isini iyeneben
am informacias sakuTari swavlis miznebis dasagegmad.
aq maswavleblis daxmareba gadamwyvetia. magaliTad, mxolod maswavle-
bels SeuZlia moswavles gaaTvaliswinebinos balansi saubris Seqmnasa da mis
ganviTarebas Soris. mxolod maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavles aswavlos, raTa
ar aurios erTjeradi warmateba im unarTan, romliTac am davalebis Ses-
ruleba sxvadasxva situaciebSi SeeZleba. ELP dabali saSualo skolisaTvis
mxars uWers am Temebis asaxvas ramdenime `smails~ Soris arCevanis SemoTavaze-
biT:
Cven unda davubrundeT am punqtebs Semdeg TavSi (Sefasebaze) magram,
rogorc ukve gamoCnda, moswavlis avtonomia gulisxmobs swavlis process, ro-
melic moicavs TviTSefasebis aspeqts. ELP ar niSnavs imas, rom maswavlebelma
ar unda gauwios daxmareba aseve TviTSefasebis sferoSic. ELP Seadgens
nawilobriv sasargeblo SesaZleblobas pedagogiuri Sromis konkretuli
formiT gamomJRavnebasa da misTvis mniSvnelobis miniWebas.
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4. moswavleebis daxmareba enobrivi miznebis Tavad dasaxvaSi
SesaZlebelia vinmes arasworad moeCvenos, rom enasTan dakavSirebuli
samuSaos Sejameba da am naSromis CEFR-is skalasTan dakavSireba ELP-is Sesamowmebeli siis erTaderTi mizania. Tumca maT gaaCniaT moswavleebisTvis
enis Seswavlis miznebis dasaxvis gadacemis rolic. es midgoma aris
mniSvnelovani faqtori damoukidebeli swavlis ganviTarebaSi.
regularuli Sefasebis upiratesoba, romelic tardeba kompetenciebis
deskriptorebisa da / an am deskriptorebTan dakavSirebuli situaciebis siebis
gamoyenebiT, aris is, rom isini moswavleebs maswavleblis daxmarebiT urCeven
daadginon davalebebi an situaciebi, romelTac gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda
dauTmon momaval gakveTilebze an kviraobiT.
Cans, rom es nawilobriv mniSvnelovania jgufebTan an moswavleebTan
muSaobaSi, romlebic enaSi maTi kompetenciis doneebis mixedviTaa Camoyalibe-
buli an mecadineobis CatarebiT, sadac garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi
yuradReba gadadis konkretul enobriv aqtivobaze.
Sefasebebi ukve moyvanilia mraval saxelmZRvaneloSi. isini mxars uWeren
winsvlis dafiqsirebas da qmnian sasargeblo fons CEFR-is gamoyenebisaTvis.
qvemoT, germanul saxelmZRvaneloSi vnaxulobT davalebebis sias, rom-
lebsac eZRvneboda mecadineoba; aq mocemulia akuratuli damokidebuleba sas-
wavlo erTeulis (blokis) sxvadasxva nawilebisadmi.
75
sxva saxelmZRvaneloebi moicaven detalur Sesabamisobas ELP-is deskrip-torebTan, radganac isini Seesabamebian maTi saswavlo erTeulis bolos war-
modgenil Sefasebas.
76
saxelmZRvanelo blokis dasawyisSi (aq: bloki 5) ayalibebs swavlebis
miznebs aqtivobaSi, romelsac didi yuradReba daeTmoba blokis ganmavlobaSi
da romelic aRniSnulia specialuri logoTi (zepiri warmoTqma). kidev erTxel
aRiniSneba, rom TiToeuli saswavlo erTeulisTvis sxvadasxva aqtivobaze es
orientireba ar niSnavs imas, rom sxva enobrivi aqtivobebi gamoiricxeba. miznebi
formulirebulia deskriptorebTan SesabamisobaSi frangul ELP-Si Semswav-
lelTaTvis 15 wlis asakisaTvis da zemoT. isini eqvemdebarebian 72-e da 73-e
gverdebze aRwerili kompetenciebis dayofas.
am erTeulis bolos, SefasebaSi, moswavleebs sTxoven, kritikulad
ganixilon maTi warmateba davalebebSi ELP-is deskriptorebTan SesabamisobaSi.
am mizniT, saxelmZRvanelo moswavles eubneba, Tu ra wyaroebi da ra blokis ra
nawilebi iyeneben enas, romelsac aqvs aseTi Sefaseba. nawilobrivi Sefaseba
blokis ganmavlobaSi, rogorc Cans, saSualebas miscems moswavleebs, daadginon
is punqtebi, romlebzec maT yuradReba unda gaamaxvilon _ imisaTvis, raTa mi-
aRwion kompetenciis sasurvel dones.
77
aq vnaxulobT CEFR-is kompetenciebis doneebis gamoyenebis konkretul
ilustracias, romelic dayofilia Sualedur doneebad; midgoma, romelSic
Sesrulebuli samuSao orientirebulia enis aqtivobis kompetenciis ganviTare-
baze da mkafio kavSirze saxelmZRvaneloSi SemoTavazebul davalebebs, kompe-
tenciis doneebsa da ELP-is gamoyenebas Soris, rac erTad iZleva moswavleebis
mier maTi Semdgomi samuSaosaTvis miznebis Tavad dasaxvis saSualebas.
sabolood, Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis es faza mniSvnelovania swav-
lebis dialogisTvis, romelSic TiToeul moswavles SeiZleba mieces stimuli,
ifiqros swavlis procesis yvelaze efeqtur individualur gzebze. kompaqt-
diskebi, romlebic Tan mohyveba alternatiul saxelmZRvanelos, warmoadgens
erT-erTi enobrivi aqtivobis individualur asaxvas yoveli mecadineobis savar-
jiSos win da mis Semdeg.
5. saxelmwifo enis SezRuduli gamoyeneba
ELP-Si gamoyenebuli ena rTulia. ELP-i arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar aris gam-
iznuli konkretuli enis swavlisTvis, aramed is unda iTvaliswinebdes moswav-
leebis yvela kompetencias yvela enaSi, romelsac swavloben an ician. evropis
sabWos mier miRebuli kanoni moiTxovs yovel ELP-Si Sevides sul mcire erTi an
ori oficialuri ena, inglisuri an franguli, iseve, rogorc enebi, romlebzec
momxmareblebs ganaTleba aqvT miRebuli. es xsnis imas, Tu ratom aris fran-
guli ELP-i dawerili mxolod erT enaze. im paradoqsTan erTad, romlebic
warmodgenilia erTenovani ELP-is mier ganaTlebis sistemebSi, romlebic mxars
uWeren lingvistur mravalferovnebas, es warmoadgens maTi gamoyenebis poten-
ciur problemas: zedmetad aisaxos Tanamedrove enebis kursebSi frangulis Se-
moWris riski, sadac mowodebuli enisaTvis Zalian SezRuduli droa gamoyo-
fili.
am dabrkolebis Tavidan asacileblad, erTi mxriv, SesaZlebelia maswav-
lebels vurCioT ELP-i gamoiyenos regularuli intervalebiT mTeli wlis gan-
mavlobaSi da, meore mxriv, gamoviyenoT Sesamowmebeli sia regionul Tu ucxo
enaSi maTi SefasebisaTvis, rogorc es wina gverdze saxelmZRvanelodan amoRe-
buli nawyvetis SemTxvevaSi iyo.
Tu Cven unda SevinarCunoT efeqturi instrumenti plurilingvalizmis
ganviTarebisaTvis, ELP-i unda daiweros moswavlis mSobliur an skolis enaze.
frangulTan erTad erTi an ori sxva Tanamedrove enis arseboba SesaZlebeli
iqneboda, magram is albaT gamoiwvevda enis gamdidrebis principis darRvevas
safrangeTis ganaTlebis sistemaSi.
konkretul enaze muSaobisTvis es aranairad ar niSnavs, rom maswavle-
blebs ar aqvT ufleba, upiratesoba mianiWon Sefasebisa da asaxvis midgomas
deskriptorebisa da situaciebis gamoyenebiT, romelTac isini Tavad ganaviTare-
ben an romelTac isini iReben ELP-idan, romelic im qveyanaSi an qveynebSi gamoi-
yeneba, romlis enasac isini aswavlian.
im moswavleebisTvis, romlebic floben minimalur enobriv SesaZle-
blobebs, savsebiT realuri iqneboda Sefasebis ganxorcieleba da mokle
diskusiis warmarTva misaRwevi miznebis Sesaxeb, samizne enis martivi gamoyene-
biT. deskriptorebis an situaciebis sia, Semofargluli enis aqtivobiT da Sesa-
bamisi kompetenciis doniT an doneebiT am mizniT iqneboda gamoyenebuli. Semdeg
maswavlebels SeeZleboda, moewodebina moswavleebisTvis, miemarTaT maTi ELP-ebisTvis da eTxova maTTvis, saTanado aRniSvnebi SeetanaT Sesabamis adgilebze
_ albaT saxlSi.
78
6. programis Seqmna davalebebis safuZvelze,
romlebic Seesabamebian CEFR-is doneebs.
am Tavis bolos unda ganvixiloT CEFR-is da ELP-is CarTvis ufro metad
momTxovni da ambiciuri forma. enis maswavlebels, SesaZlebelia, ar undodes
misi dauyovnebliv gamoyeneba yvela aspeqtiT, magram SesaZlebelia, TandaTan
Seqmnan gakveTilebi maTze dayrdnobiT da es meTodad SemoiRon.
es gulisxmobs CEFR-Tan SesabamisobaSi ganviTarebas, swavlebis kurss,
romelic adaptirebulia moswavlis unarebTan da miznebTan da romelTa
ganxorcielebac klasSia SesaZlebeli.
midgomaSi pirveli nabiji aris CEFR-is kompetenciis doneebis dadgena,
romlebSic davalebebi unda iyos warmodgenili saswavlo blokis Sesabamisi
saswavlo masalis farglebSi.
magram drois udidesi nawili ar aris dazustebuli. rogor unda ga-
vagrZeloT?
Cven vnaxeT 1-li nawilis me-2 TavSi, Tu rogor davadginoT da gavaanal-
izoTY sakomunikacio davalebebi. maSin me-3 Tavi eZRvneboda CEFR-is sxvadasxva kompetenciis doneebis Seswavlas. qvemoT moyvanil magaliTebSi unda vcadoT im
ori Tavis Sinaarsis Sejameba.
warmodgenili midgomis gamosarkvevad unda moviyvanoT espanur sax-
elmZRvaneloSi mowodebuli davalebis magaliTi.
79
es davaleba TanmimdevrobiT ganixilavs or enobriv aqtivobas: auraluri
aRqma da zepiri warmoTqma. amis gamo, Cvenc unda gaviaroT es ori etapi.
imisaTvis, raTa ganvsajoT auralur aRqmasTan dakavSirebuli sirTule,
unda SeviswavloT TviTSefasebis bade (ix. gv. 26), Tumca, unda SemovifargloT
A1-dan B2-donemde.
A1 SemiZlia gamovicno nacnobi sityvebi da ZiriTadi frazebi Cem TavTan dakavSirebiT, Cemi
ojaxuri da uSualo konkretuli garemocva, roca xalxi nela da garkveviT laparakobs.
A2 SemiZlia gavigo frazebi da gavzardo im leqsikis gamoyenebis sixSire, rac dakavSirebu-
lia uaRresad pirad sferoebTan uSualod (rogoricaa Zalze mTavari piradi da ojaxuri infor-
macia, sayidlebi, garemo, dasaqmeba). SemiZlia daviWiro ZiriTadi azri mokle, mkafio, martiv me-
sijebSi da gancxadebebSi.
B1 SemiZlia gavigo mkafio standartuli saubris sakvanZo adgilebi nacnob sakiTxebze, rom-
lebic regularulad gvxvdeba samsaxurSi, skolaSi, dasvenebisas da misT. SemiZlia gavigo Ziri-
Tadi azri radiosa da televizoris gadacemebSi mimdinare movlenebze an personaluri Tu pro-
fesiuli interesebis Temebze, rodesac gadmocema SedarebiT nelia da mkafio.
B2 SemiZlia gavigo grZeli moxseneba da leqciebi da azrobrivad mivyve argumentebis rTul
replikebs im pirobiT, rom Tema SedarebiT nacnobia. SemiZlia gavigo umravlesi satelevizio
sainformacio da mimdinare programebi. SemiZlia gavigo filmebis umravlesoba standartul
dialeqtze.
albaT aq vukavSirdebiT B1 donis davalebas. moswavleebma unda gaigon
interviuebis ZiriTadi azri. cxadia, es axasiaTebs A2, B1 da B2 doneebs, magram mosmenili teqstebis buneba da Tema realurad aRar ekuTvnis A2 dones: Cven ar gvaqvs saqme kompleqsur argumentTan.
Tu mivmarTavT ELP-is B1 donis deskriptorebis sias saSualo skolis
damamTavrebeli etapisaTvis (lycees), davinaxavT Semdegs: `SemiZlia gavigo
prezentaciis ZiriTadi azrebi nacnob, regularulad Sexvedril Temebze mokle
moxsenebebis CaTvliT~.
magaliTad, `sakmarisia gqondes mokle prezentaciis moxsenebis gakeTebis
unari saganze, silabusebze an yoveldRiuri cxovrebis aspeqtze, romelic moce-
mulia megobris an asistentis mier an Canaweris gamoyenebiT" (done B1-1). modiT, axla davaleba zepirmetyvelebis gamomuSavebis TvalsazrisiT gan-
vixiloT. sirTulis done SesaZlebelia dadgindes am aqtivobisTvis miZRvnili
TviTSefasebis badis nawilis gamoyenebiTa da Cveni komentarebiT 47-e da 48-e
gverdebze (Tavi 3).
A1 SemiZlia gamoviyeno martivi frazebi da winadadebebi, raTa aRvwero, Tu sad vcxovrob da
is xalxi, visac vicnob;
A2 SemiZlia gamoviyeno frazebisa da winadadebebis rigi, raTa aRvwero martivi terminebiT
Cemi ojaxi da sxva xalxi, sacxovrebeli pirobebi, Cemi ganaTlebis safuZveli da Cemi mimdinare
an wina samsaxuri;
B1 SemiZlia davakavSiro frazebi martivi gziT, raTa aRvwero gamocdilebebi da movlenebi,
Cemi sizmrebi, imedebi da ambiciebi. SemiZlia mokled mogawodoT Sexedulebebisa da gegmebis
mizezebi da ganmartebebi. SemiZlia moTxrobis moyola an wignisa Tu filmis siuJetis moyola da
Cemi reaqciebis aRwera;
B2 SemiZlia warmovadgino Temebis farTo speqtris mkafo, detaluri aRwerebi, romlebic da-
kavSirebulia Cemi interesebis sferosTan. SemiZlia avxsna Sexeduleba Tematur sakiTxze upi-
ratesobebisa da naklovanebebis sxvadasxva arCevaniT.
80
radganac es davaleba moiTxovs Sesabamis moxsenebas (unda Sejamdes
sxvadasxva dokumenti), maSin Cven aRar varT A1 an A2 doneze, romlisTvisac
zepiri produqcia SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes winadadebebis an gamoTqmebis
gverdigverd dayenebiT. instruqcia ar moiTxovs moswavleebisgan, ganaviTaron
Sexeduleba an warmoadginon argumenti, rogorc es moTxovnili iqneboda B2 doniT.
SegviZlia vimsjeloT, rom davaleba faqtobrivad Seesabameba B1-dones: moswavleebma Sinaarsis struqtura unda gadmogvcen, rac maT uSualod ar exe-
baT, magram romlis Sesaxebac isini informirebulni arian. is SesaZlebelia da-
kavSirebuli iyos ELP-is Semdeg deskriptorTan: `SemiZlia martivi ganacxadis
gakeTeba, romelic nacnob Temaze movamzade da romelSic mniSvnelovani azri
zustad ganvaviTare." (B2-2 done). TviTSefasebis am badis gamoyeneba sakomunikacio davalebebis sirTulis
donis dasadgenad SesaZlebelia martivad gamoviyenoT sxva enobriv aqtivobebSi,
saxelmZRvaneloebSi mowodebuli treningis nawilad.
saxelmZRvaneloebSi davalebis sirTulis donis dadgeniT maswavlebelma
is SeiZleba gaamdidros, Seeguos an Seqmnas raime sruliad gansxvavebuli. ma-
gram amas mivyavarT kiTxvamde: yvela teqsts SeuZlia warmoqmnas davalebebi,
romlebic yvela kompetenciis doneebTanaa adaptirebuli?
am kiTxvisTvis pasuxis gasacemad kidev erTxel unda gamoviyenoT infor-
macia, romelic teqstebis bunebaSia, rogorc rekomendebulia TviTSefasebis
badiT.
am cxrilTa gamoyenebiT unda ganvixiloT oTxi dokumenti sxvadasxva enis
saxelmZRvaneloSi da sxvadasxva klasis doneze.
81
aq warmodgenili teqsti vizualuri aRqmisTvis albaT eqvemdebareba A1 dones: Cven gvaqvs martivi winadadebebi da ara yoveldRiuri wyaroebi, rogorc
aRniSnulia A2 donis ganmartebaSi. imave wignidan amoRebul nawyvetSi, 87-e gverdze, vxvdebiT teqstebs, rom-
lebic eqvemdebarebian A2 dones (mokle teqstebi, romlebic Sedgenilia mar-
tivi winadadebebiT da, amis gamo, ar Seesabamebian B1 donis ganmartebis
moTxovnebs).
amis gamo, zogadad saxelmZRvaneloebSi Sesabamisobaa daculi arCevanis
saSualebasa da moTxovnili davalebis sirTules Soris.
cxadia, rom cnebebi yovelTvis ar aris mkafio. modiT, SevadaroT fran-
guli saxelmZRvanelos es bolo gverdi espanuri saxelmZRvanelos teqsts, ro-
melic gadmoRebulia 87-e gverdze (karta roberto) da, frangulis msgavsad,
gamiznulia damwyebTaTvis. erTi SexedviT, teqstebis sigrZe da maT Semadgenel
gamoTqmebs Soris kavSirebi arTulebs maTs moTavsebas imave kategoriaSi. ma-
Sin, roca franguli teqsti aSkarad eqvemdebareba A2 dones, espanurma teqstma SesaZlebelia warmoSvas B1 donis davalebebi. Tumca, moxsenebis sworxazovneba
da leqsikoni am teqstSi, saTanado TemebTan erTad, mas Tanabrad miakuTvnebs A2 donis teqstebs (mokle, martivi piradi werilebi).
82
amis gamo, teqstis potenciuri
done avtomaturad aRiniSneba klasis
donis mixedviT, romlisTvisac
gankuTvnilia saxelmZRvanelo. espanuri
teqstis klasifikacia A2 doneze albaT
ufro naTeli iqneba, roca mas
SevadarebT sxva dokumentTan arsebul
saxelmZRvanelos ufro dabal, meeqvse
formaSi, romelSic amjerad SeiZleba
vmeryeobdeT B1donesa da B2 dones So-
ris. B2 donis ganmartebis striqonSi, ra Tqma unda, gvaqvs saliteraturo teqsti
prozaSi Tanamedrove Temaze.
Tumca, am SemadgenlobiT, ra
Tqma unda, naCvenebia am tipis
teqstis Zalze cota maxasiaTebeli.
ufro metic, misi Sinaarsi gasao-
cari sizustiT aRniSnavs im
adgilebs, sadac movlenaTa Tanmim-
devroba, survilebi da grZnobebia
gamoxatuli, rac aris B1 donis
teqstebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli.
Zalian mokle analizidan Seg-
viZlia davaskvnaT, rom es teqsti
SesaZlebelia warmoSobdes da-
valebebs, romlebic xvdeba B1 da
B2 doneebze. aseTi analizis safuZ-
velze, umravles SemTxvevaSi, ELP-is Sesamowmebel siaSi SesaZlebe-
lia deskriptorebi imisTvis gan-
vixiloT, rom aucleblobis
83
SemTxvevaSi davumatoT saxel-mZRvaneloebSi mocemuli programis saTanado da-
valebebi, romlebsac gamoarCevs moswavleTa jgufi.
modiT, ganvixiloT gadmoRebuli bolo nawyveti, romelic, rogorc
vTqviT, eqvemdebareba B1 da B2 doneebs da vnaxoT, romeli tipis vizualuri
aRqmis davalebebs gvTavazobs wignis teqsti amasTan dakavSirebiT.
vxvdebiT kiTxviT miTiTebebs, romlebic efeqturad Seesabamebian B1 do-nes: aRwerili movlenebis identificireba, grZnobebi da qcevebi moqmedi pire-
bisTvis. es instruqciebi advilad SeiZleba SevadaroT ELP -s aRwerebs: • SemiZlia gavigo faqtobrivi teqsti silabusebis grafaze an Cems Ziri-
Tad interesebze, ise rom saTanadod SemeZlos misi Semcveli prin-
cipuli informaciis amocnoba.
• SemiZlia standartul enaze formulirebuli grZnobisa da survilebis
gamoxatvis aRwerebis gageba.
davalebebis ufro gamowvlilviTi ganxilviT, rac moiTxoveba gagrZele-
baSi - romelic aq ar aris moyvanili - saxelmZRvanelos gverdSi, kerZod, weriT
gamoxatvasTan dakavSirebiT (`warmoidgine, ra dawera sandram mis dRiurSi,
roca is dadebiT da uaryofiT mxareebs winadadebis miRebamde afasebda~), Tumca
vxedavT, rom es davaleba SesaZlebelia Sesruldes mxolod maSin, roca
moswavles SeuZlia gaigos teqstidan moqmedi gmiris qcevis mizezi, romelic
aris sityvasityviT ELP-is B2 donis erT-erTi deskriptori.
Sefasebis situaciebSi maTi praqtikis sawinaaRmdegod, maswavleblebi
Tavs Seikaveben gverdigverd mdgomi, magram sxvadasxva donis davalebebis Sere-
visagan (magaliTad, B1 da B2), Tu amas moiTxovs saswavlo dinamika. Tumca, re-
komendebulia, rom moswavleebs regularulad unda SesTavazon sakomunikacio
davalebebi, romlebic Seesabameba maTs progress. aralogikuri iqneboda, ma-
galiTad, B2 donis davalebis SeTavazeba am teqstis swavlisTvis.
saerTo jamSi, es rekomendaciebi Tundac rom kompleqsurad da Sez-
Rudulad gamoCndnen, mniSvnelovania gavimeoroT, rom Cven ar gTavazobT srul
gamoyofas swavlebis praqtikidan da rom CEFR-is mier SemoTavazebuli `qmede-
baze orientirebuli midgoma~ Seesabameba arsebul saswavlo damxmare saSuale-
bebs.
detalebi mocemulia am TavSi, raTa uCvenos, Tu rogor SeuZliaT enis
maswavleblebs TandaTanobiT miiRon es meTodebi ise, rom ukeTesad miaRwion
miznebs, romlebsac Tavad saxaven moswavleebTan erTad. aucilebelia Seve-
cadoT zemoT aRwerili detalebis gamoyeneba. maswavleblebma unda Seafason am
84
rekomendaciebis Rirebuleba maTi praqtikisa da maTi moswavleebis moTxovnile-
bebisaTvis.
am meTodebis SemoReba xdeba moswavleTa jgufebis saorganizaciod da
moswavleebisaTvis programebis Sesaqmnelad - romlebic xandaxan cxaddeba sax-
elmwifo donis programebad, magaliTad, safrangeTSi _ aucileblad warmoSobs
udides cvlilebebs aseTi swavlebis konteqstSi. Tu enis maswavleblebi en-
TuziazmiT miudgebian CEFRisa da ELP -is gamoyenebas maTi profesiuli unarebis
gasamdidreblad, maTi efeqturoba moimatebs. es aris sul, ris Cvenebac undoda
am Tavs.
85
Tavi 2
sphps!voeb!Tfgbteft!fopcsjwj!lpnqfufodjfcj!
mogvianebiT am TavSi davubrundebiT TviTSefasebis sakiTxs: Tu rogor
aris is dakavSirebuli uSualod SefasebasTan. pirvel rigSi, unda ganvixiloT
swavlebis farglebSi CEFR_is gamoyenebiT moswavleebis Sefasebis Sedegebi,
radganac erovnuli gamocdebis sakiTxis ganxilva ar aris am wignis mizani.
qvemore naTqvami mTlianad niSnavs moswavlis kompetenciis donis Sefase-
bis aucileblobas sxvadasxva enobriv jgufebSi. es pedagogiuri Sefaseba for-
mulirebulia dokumentebSi, romlebic Tan sdevs enis silabusebis umravleso-
bas. mas icavs skolebis mier Catarebuli yvela Sefaseba, Tundac gamocdebi
TiToeuli enobrivi aqtivobis Sefasebis saSualebas ar iZleodes. magaliTad,
safrangeTSi es iyo warmatebuli cda zogadi saSualo skolis bolo klasSi da
miRebuli iyo sagamocdo furclebisaTvis axali bakalavriatis seriaSi (STG).
es aris farTod gavrcelebuli praqtika safrangeTSi soflis meurneobis zeda
saSualo skolebSi, sadac moTxovnilia, rom saswavlo Sefaseba unda moi-
cavdes enis aqtivobebis calsaxa Sefasebas yvela tipis swavlebaSi, romlebic
saministros farglebSi mimdinareobs.
1. Sefasebis testis Sedgena CEFR-ze dayrdnobiT
maswavleblis amocana SedarebiT martivia warmoqmnis aqtivobebSi
moswavlis donis Sesafaseblad. TviTSefasebis bade da ELP-is Sesamowmebeli
sia gvawvdis Sesabamis instruqciebs. weriTi an zepiri warmoqmnis Sefaseba unda
Catardes sakomunikacio davalebebis meSveobiT, romlebic Seesabameba kompeten-
ciis dones da, imavdroulad, moswavlis mier enis flobis Semowmebac surT.
A1 SemiZlia gamoviyeno martivi frazebi da winadadebebi, rom aRvwero, sad vcxovrob;
agreTve visaubro pirebze, visac vicnob.
A2 SemiZlia gamoviyeno rigi frazebisa da winadadebebisa, rom martivi gamoxatvis formiT
aRvwero Cemi ojaxi da sxva xalxi, sacxovrebeli pirobebi, miRebuli ganaTleba da Cemi amJamin-
deli an bolo samsaxuri.
B1 SemiZlia martivi formiT davakavSiro frazebi, rom aRvwero gamocdilebebi da movle-
nebi, Cemi ocnebebi, imedebi da miswrafebebi. MSemiZlia mosazrebisa da gegmebis mokled axsna da
dasabuTeba. SemiZlia ambis, wignis an filmis fragmentis moyola da Cemi reaqciis aRwera.
B2 SemiZlia warmovadgino mkafio, detaluri aRwera Cemi interesis sferosTan dakavSirebuli
farTo diapazonis Temebze. SemiZlia avxsna Sexeduleba Tematur sakiTxze sxvadasxva arCevanis
upiratesobebisa da naklovanebebis gadmocemiT.
C1 SemiZlia warmovadgino mkafio, detaluri axsna kompleqsuri qveTemebiT integrirebul
sakiTxebze, konkretuli Sexedulebis ganviTareba da Sesabamisi daskvnis gakeTeba.
C2 SemiZlia warmovadgino naTeli aRwera an argumenti konteqstis Sesabamis stilSi da
efeqturi logikuri struqturiT, romelic exmareba msmenels mniSvnelovani aqcentebis gagebasa
da damaxsovrebaSi.
TviTSefasebis bade, CEFRgv. 26 da 27
86
modiT, davuSvaT, rom germanelis maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT
moswavleebma imuSaves savarjiSos nawilze zepir warmoTqmaSi Semdegi saswavlo
Tavidan.
am ormag gverdze maT iswavles kavSiri martiv winadadebebSi, qronolo-
giuri (`Semdeg~) da logikuri (`magram~) kavSirebis gamoyenebiT gamoxatos mo-
daluri formebi (`ra Tqma unda, ara~, `albaT~). maTi zepirad gadmocemis unaris
Sesafaseblad SesaZloa maswavlebelma moiTxovos maTgan movlenaTa qronolo-
giuri TanmimdevrobiT gadmocema, romlebic mocemulia ilustraciis formiT an
dagegmilia klasSi da romelTa Sinaarsic araa leqsikurad rTuli.
am amocaniT Cven varT A doneze: SemiZlia winadadebis Sedgena `da~, `ma-
gram~ da `Semdeg~ kavSirebis gamoyenebiT.
aRiniSneba, rom es aRmweri aRmoCndeba zogierT ELP-Si (rogoricaa ELP saSualo skolebisTvis (colleges) weriTis saTauriT. SeiZleba am doneze da Tun-
dac ufro maRal doneze CaiTvalos, rom momzadeba zepir warmoqmnaSi aris
weriTi gamoxatvis swavlis saukeTeso forma.
sxvaTa Soris, rodesac saswavlo Tavi Seicavs qvemoT moyvanil dokumen-
tebs, Sefaseba SesaZloa niSnavdes Semdegs: moswavleebs sTxovon, Seadaron ori
dokumenti, romlebic dakavSirebulia saskolo garemosTan maT qveyanaSi da es-
paneTSi an laTinuri amerikis qveyanaSi (anu cxrilebi, saskolo forma, gan-
rigebi da misT.) da Camoayalibon, Tu ras aniWeben upiratesobas.
gamoxatvis davaleba Seesabameba ELP-is A2 dones: _ SemiZlia swrafad aRvwero da Sevadaro sagnebi.
_ SemiZlia avxsna, ratom momwons an ar mowons raime.
87
sabolood, modiT, warmovidginoT klasis SemTxveva, romelic muSaobda
inglisurSi interviuebze Going Places-is saxelmZRvanelodan (Premiere, gv.140), ro-melSic xuTi pirovneba iZleva sakuTar Sexedulebas SeerTebuli Statebis
zogierTi sasamarTlos tendenciaze, SeecvalaT cixis ganaCeni valdebulebiT,
misi saxalxod demonstrirebiT, Cadenili danaSaulis winapirobis CvenebiT.
moswavleebis mier miRweuli donis Sefaseba zepir warmoTqmaSi SesaZloa
daeyrdnos qvemoT moyvanil fotos. Sefasebul moswavleebs SesaZlebelia sTxo-
von, axsnan dokumentis Sinaarsi da gadmoscen azri amaze, mizezebis dasaxele-
biT.
88
moswavleebis unariTa da maTi individualuri SesrulebiT, am samuSaos
instruqcia moxvdeba B1-2 doneebidan erT-erTze: `SemiZlia martivad visaubro
sxvadasxva Temaze momzadebis gareSe, rac dakavSirebulia Cemi interesebis
sferoebTan an silabusebis punqtebze~; an B2 donis mixedviT: `SemiZlia avxsna
Sexeduleba Tematur sakiTxze sxvadasxva variantis upiratesobebisa da nak-
lovanebebis mowodebiT~.
cremlebis gamocdileba
`Tavdapirvelad: jorjiaSi cxovrobdnen Cerokeli indi-
elebi.
1835 wels eCotis xelSekrulebas moewera xeli da rati-
ficirebuli iqna SeerTebuli Statebis senatis mier.
prezident endriu jeksons indielebis jorjiidan
gadaadgilebis ufleba mieca. 1838 wlis 17 maiss niu eCo-
taSi Camovida generali uinfildi 7000 kaciT. zafxulSi
Cakota aiRes. kacebs, qalebsa da bavSvebs unda daetovebi-
naT sakuTari saxlebi da oklahomamde fexiT aTasobiT
mili unda evloT. maT hqondaT Zalian cota sakvebi da
4000 kaci daiRupa. am gzas daerqva `cremlebis ga-
mocdileba~.
waikiTxe `cremlebis gamocdileba~ da warmoidgine, rom
Sen xar:
1. Cerokeli indieli, romelic gadarCa gadaadgilebisas
2. istoriuli wignis avtori, romelmac indielebisgan
unda mogvitanos Setyobineba.
gadawere teqsti da aRniSne Seni azri.
aq mocemulia ramdenime xerxi, romelic dagexmareba
saintereso da emociuri teqstis daweraSi:
- dawere Seni teqsti pirvel pirSi:
Cemi saxeli aris... me viyavi...
- mogvawode SeZlebisdagvarad meti detalebi: sax-
eli, asaki, ojaxi..
- gamoiyene zmnebi, rogoricaa `maxsovs~, `damaviwyda~.. da gamoiyene zedsarTavi saxelebi
grZnobebis aRsawerad;
- Tqvi, ras akeTebdi. rogori iyo Seni reaqcia, rodesac gverdze sxvebi gexvia, roca jaris-
kacebi Camovidnen, roca tovebdi samSoblos, roca Caxvedi oklahomaSi.
dawere teqsti mesame pirSi:
- rogorc prezidentma jeksonma, oficialurma pirebma, jariskacma;
- mogvawode faqtebi da daazuste: saxelebi, TariRebi, raodenobebi;
- gamoiyene zedsarTavi saxelebi da zmnizedebi, raTa mkiTxveli ganawyo.
imuSave megobarTan erTad, raTa gaaumjobeso Seni pirveli naweri: eZebe sityvebi
leqsikonSi, Tavi aaride gameorebebs, Seamowme droebi (gamoiyene warsuli) da gvaris saTanado
formebi (aqtivi, Tu pasivi?) ifiqre punqtuaciaze orTografiaze.
rodesac klasSi moswavleTa done ar aris erTgvarovani da konteqsti
saSualebas iZleva, savsebiT SesaZloa da rekomendebulic ki, rom davalebebi
warmovadginoT sxvadasxva doneze warmoqmniT aqtivobebTan dakavSirebul Se-
fasebebSi.
aqedan gamomdinare, inglisuris saxelmZRvanelodan aRebul saswavlo
TavSi axali amerikelebis mier amerikeli indielebis mimarT mopyrobis Sesaxeb
moswavleebs amecadinebdnen weriT gamoxatvaSi, rogorc naCvenebia wina gverdze
gadmoRebuli nawyvetiT.
testi, romelic afasebs unarebs am aqtivobaSi, SesaZloa eyrdnobodes
Semdeg fotos:
89
moswavleebs SesaZloa mosTxovon Seasrulon Semdegi ori davaleba
sxvadasxva doneze:
- erT-erTi am bavSvis mier gamocdilebis gadmocema werilSi, romelic
daiwereba pirvel pirSi (B1 done: SemiZlia movyve, Tu ra damemarTa axlo an
Soreul warsulSi)
- aRvwero sxvisi sulieri mdgomareoba da gaviziaro Sexeduleba (B1 done: SemiZlia gadmovce Cemi gamocdileba da aRvwero Cemi grZnobebi da
reaqciebi pirad werilSi).
testis Sedgena ufro delikaturi sakiTxia, roca is cdilobs Seafasos
auraluri (smeniTi) an vizualuri aRqma. saSualebis arCeva da sakomunikacio
davaleba Semdeg unda kombinirdes TviTSefasebis badeSi Semavali informaciis
gamoyenebiT, rogorc es vixileT meore nawilis I TavSi.
idealur SemTxvevaSi, davaleba, romelic dakavSirebulia specifikur do-
kumentTan, ganviTarebuli iqneba kompetenciis TiToeuli donisTvis.
Tumca, SesaZloa davalebebis Tanmimdevrobis klasificireba kompetenciis
sxvadasxva donis mixedviT, imave saSualebis gamoyenebiT, Tu es saTanado iqneba.
90
miuxedavad imisa, rom zemoT moyvanili dokumenti ar aris am Tavis miznis
pirdapiri Sesatyvisi, Cven is unda aviRoT vizualuri aRqmis Sefasebis saSu-
alebad moswavleebis im jgufebTan, romlebic am aqtivobaSi B1 donis miRwevis procesSia.
im mkiTxvelTaTvis, vinc saTanadod ver flobs germanuls, Sefasebis pun-
qtebi unda CamovayaliboT inglisurad.
cxadia, rom teqsti faqtobrivad eqvemdebareba TviTSefasebis badis B1 dones. Tumca, sasurvelia, rom moswavleebs, romlebic naklebad erkvevian sa-
kuTari unarebis am aqtivobaSi, saSualeba mivceT uCvenon maTi unarebi A2 doneze. am mizniT SegviZlia am jgufs SevTavazoT Sefaseba, romelic iwyeba A2 donis aRmwerebis ori instruqciiT:
SemiZlia gamovicno, Tu razea werili an teqsti, roca is exeba CemTvis
nacnob Temas.
instruqciis magaliTi Sefasebis mizniT: moswavleebs SesaZloa mosTxo-
von am statiis Temaze (axalgazrda moxaliseebis swavleba vandalizmis wi-
naaRmdeg) mokle moxsenebis mowodeba.
SemiZlia mokle moTxrobis an faqtebis mokle aRweris mniSvnelobis
gageba nacnob Temebze.
magaliTad, SemiZlia gamovicno movlenaTa Tanmimdevroba da davadgino
maT Soris kavSiris buneba (mizezebi, Sedegebi da misT.).
instruqciis magaliTi Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT:
Tqvi, ra aris teqstis xuTi paragrafidan TiToeulis Tema.
ganxiluli Temis Sesabamisi aso dasviT misTvis gamoyofil adgilebze.
- vizualuri situacia = a
- miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi = b
- moqmedebis meTodebi = g
- aRniSnuli SezRudvebi = d
- garkveuli miniSnebebi = e
paragrafi 1 (striqonebi 1-dan 16-mde)
paragrafi 2 (striqonebi 17-dan 32-mde)
paragrafi 3 (striqonebi 33dan 41-mde)
paragrafi 4 (striqonebi 42-dan 55-mde)
paragrafi 5 (striqonebi 56-dan bolomde)
Tumca, am Sefasebis ZiriTadi nawili unda iyos B1 doneze. aRmwerebi,
rolebic SesaZloa Seadgendnen am donis instruqciebis safuZvels, Semdegia:
B1-1: SemiZlia gavigo faqtobrivi teqsti silabusebis punqtze an Cems
erT-erT ZiriTad interesze imisTvis, rom SevZlo gamovicno prin-
cipuli informacia, romelsac is Seicavs.
amis gamo, SefasebaSi SesaZloa Semowmdes, gaiges Tu ara moswavleebma,
rogor arCeven da zrdian moxaliseebs da, amasTanave, Jurnalistis mier moyva-
nili daskvna.
91
instruqciis magaliTi Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT:
aRniSne teqstis Sesabamisi winadadeba da daasabuTe arCeuli pasuxi
mokle citirebis saSualebiT.
a) garkveul doneze operacia iyo marcxi.
b) am operaciis Sedegebi jerjerobiT ucnobia.
g) operaciam moitana garkveuli Sedegebi.
d) Sedegi cvalebadi iyo adgilis mixedviT.
e) Sedegebi Zalian gansxvavebulad iyo gadmocemuli policiisa da organiza-
torebis mier.
citireba....................................................................................
B1-2: SemiZlia gavacnobiero kargad struqturizebuli gazeTis statia
nacnob Temaze.
imisaTvis, rom Semowmdes aRmweris aTvisebis xarisxi, Sefaseba unda moi-
cavdes statiis ara movlenasTan dakavSirebul aspeqts, aramed am SinaarsisTvis
mniSvnelovan raimes:
rekomendaciebs, romlebic gakeTda am operaciisTvis moxaliseTa say-
uradRebod (arasodes CaagdoT safrTxeSi vinme, SeinarCuneT TviTkontroli
yvelanair situaciaSi).
B1-3: kargad Sedgenil teqstSi argumentirebis moSveliebiT SemiZlia
gamovitano principuli daskvna.
es ukanaskneli azri SesaZloa Sefasdes moswavleTaTvis moTxovniT –
axsnan, ras gulisxmobs misis eva miuler-Srederi imis TqmiT, rac moyvanilia
51-dan 55-mde striqonebSi: to explain what Mrs Eva Muller-Schroder means by saying, in lines 51 to 55: “Gerade problematische Schuler werden auf andere Gedanken kommen, wenn wir ihnen Verant-wortung ubertragen~ (problemis gamo sapasuxismgeblo davalebis micemiT moswav-
leebma SesaZloa Seicvalon Sexedulebebi).
2. moswavlis mier davalebis Sesrulebis Sefaseba testSi
Cven aqac unda ganvasxvavoT gageba da gamoxatva.
gagebis Sesafasebel testSi advilia imis naxva, rom moswavlem Tavi
gaarTva davalebas. sxvadasxva kompetenciis doneebisgan Semdgari testis
SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebelma unda gadawyvitos TiToeuli am davalebis dat-
virTva saboloo niSniT. zemoT moyvanili davalebebis magaliTiT “Fauste in der Tasche~-is teqstTan dakavSirebiT, SesaZlebeli iqneboda agverCia, magaliTad,
Semdegi Sefaseba, imaze damokidebulebiT, Tu es testi gamiznulia moswavleebis
Tanamedrove L1-isTvis Tu Tanamedrove L2-isTvis. qulebi iTvleba franguli Se-
fasebis sistemis mixedviT, 0-dan 20-mde (es bolo niSani umaRlesia):
davalebebis done ML1 ML2
A2 5 qula 10 qula
B1 15 qula 10 qula
20 qula 20 qula
aRniSnuli iqneba, rom testirebisas diferencirebuli davalebebi miecema
mediisa Tu sxva tipis teqstebis safuZvelze, sadac niSnebi aRar ganawildeba
mxolod teqstSi (teqstebSi) mocemuli informaciis gaTvaliswinebiT (magali-
Tad, 2 qula gagebul an warmoTqmul sakiTxSi), magram klasis miznebis far-
glebSi davalebis sxvadasxva donis Sesabamisi mniSvnelobis dacviT.
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moswavlis weriTi an zepiri davalebebis xarisxis SefasebiT vuax-
lovdebiT ufro pozitiuri Sefasebis fundamentur koncefcias, romelic ganx-
ilulia 48-e gverdze. moswavleebis kompetenciebi unda Sefasdes imisda mixed-
viT, Tu rogor euflebian isini enas; enis srulyofili codnis idealia vizua-
luri da auraluri aRqma zepiri da weriTi produqciis farglebSi.
am ZiriTadi koncefciis sailustraciod unda ganvixiloT enis
aqtivobebi, romlebic pirdapir dakavSirebulia Cvens argumentTan: teqstis
gadaTargmnis Sefaseba. arsebobs ucxo (an regionul) enaze dawerili teqstis
saxelmwifo enaze Targmnis Sefasebis ori Tanaarsebuli da konkurentuli me-
Todi. pirveli kargad cnobili meTodi moicavs Secdomebis daTvlas absolu-
turi topologiis mixedviT (uadgilo sityva an fraza, araswori Targmani, bar-
barizmi da a. S.) da Semdeg Secdomebis saerTo qulebis gamokleba qulaTa
maqsimaluri raodenobidan. meore meTodi aris teqstis dayofa azrobrivi seg-
mentebis jaWvad da Semdeg TiToeuli segmentis Targmanis Sefaseba, qulebis
miniWeba zrdadobiT, rac imazea damokidebuli, Tu ramdenad Seicavs segmentis
Targmani informaciis ZiriTad nawils; moicavs Tu ara mTlian mniSvnelobas,
Sesabamisi pasaJi ar aris stilisturad gaumarTavi an piriqiT - gvTavazobs
warmatebul Targmans.
naTelia, rom erTi da imave Targmanis Sefasebis es ori meTodi radi-
kalurad gansxvavebul Sedegebs iZleva. garda maTi arsobrivi gansxvavebisa, is-
ini Zireulad gansxvavdebian SefasebaSi, rodesac xdeba produqciis Secdomebze
da daSvebul stilistur Seusabamobebze fokusireba da rodesac vafasebT
pozitiuri midgomiT: anu vcdilobT SevafasoT Tundac nawilobrivi warmateba
micemul davalebebSi.
ra Tqma unda, Tundac gamoTqmis pozitiuri Sefaseba unda eyrdnobodes
xarisxis kriteriums. me-5 TavSi (gv. 110-129) CEFR iZleva 13 xarisxobriv krite-
riums weriTi da zepiri SesrulebisTvis. es kriteriumebi warmodgenilia
cxrilis saxiT, romlis TiToeuli ujra uCvenebs warmatebis dones A1-dan C2-mde maTi nawilisTvis da A2-dan C2-mde mTlianobaSi.
xarisxobrivi kriteriumebia:
- zogadi lingvisturi diapazoni;
- leqsikuri diapazoni;
- leqsikuri kontroli;
- gramatikuli sizuste;
- fonetikuri kontroli;
- orTografiuli kontroli;
- sociolingvisturi Sesabamisoba;
- moqniloba;
- lavireba;
- Tematuri ganviTareba;
- Tanmimdevruloba da erTianoba;
- Tavisuflad metyveleba;
- propoziciuli sizuste.
Cven unda moviyvanoT gramatikuli sizustis mniSvnelovani magaliTebi,
unda gadavideT B2+ doneze, raTa vnaxoT, Tu rogor SeuZlia Sefasebas mieces
pozitiuri midgomis forma Tundac am sakiTxze:
gramatikuli sizuste
B2 + kargi gramatikuli kontroli. SemTxveviTi an arasistematuri Secdomebi
da winadadebis struqturis mciredi areva SeiZleba mainc SeiniSnos, magram iS-
viaTia da xSirad SeiZleba Seswordes xelaxla gadaxedviT.
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B2 aCvenebs gramatikuli kontrolis SedarebiT maRal dones. ar uSvebs Sec-
domebs, ramac gaugebroba SeiZleba gamoiwvios.
B1 + urTierTobas amyarebs nacnobebTan. mSobliuri enis SesamCnev zemoqmede-
bas ZiriTadad karg kontrols uwevs. Secdomebs uSvebs, magram naTelia, ris
Tqmasac apirebs.
B1 sakmaod akuratulad iyenebs xSirad gamoyenebuli `Sablonebisa~ da for-
mebis repertuars, romlebic dakavSirebulia savaraudo situaciebTan.
A2 sworad iyenebs garkveul martiv wyobas, magram mainc sistematurad uS-
vebs Zireul Secdomebs da aviwydeba aRniSnos SeTanxmeba - magaliTad, urevs
droebs da, miuxedavad amisa, ZiriTadad naTelia ris, Tqmas cdilobs.
A1 uCvenebs mxolod ramdenime martivi gramatikuli struqturisa da wi-
nadadebis formis SezRudul flobas naswavli repertuaridan.
CEFR gv. 14
iseve, rogorc Targmanis magaliTSi, cxrilis gamoyeneba niSnavs sakomuni-
kacio davalebis Sesrulebisas enis xarisxianad gamoyenebas da ara negatiuri
niSnebis dagrovebas daSvebuli sintaqsuri Tu morfologiuri Secdomebis
raodenobis safuZvelze.
es ar niSnavs, rom maswavleblebi ar unda dainteresdnen moswavlis niS-
nebiT da warumateblobebiT. piriqiT, maTi davalebebi aris specialurad imi-
saTvis, rom saSualeba miscen moswavles, es dabrkolebebi gadavalaxinoT da
mivaRwevinoT progresi. amis gamo, es Secdomebi unda dainaxon da gaiTvaliswi-
non maTi Semdgomi swavlebis praqtikaSi. Tumca, es ar unda avurioT moswavlis
enobrivi sakomunikacio davalebebis Sesrulebis unarSi.
Tu maswavleblebs surT, aRniSnon moswavlis codna sintaqsis an mor-
fologiis sferoSi, ra Tqma unda, maT sruli ufleba aqvT, ase moiqcnen da
zogierT SemTxvevaSi es SesaZloa sasargeblo stimulic aRmoCndes moswavlee-
bisTvis. Tumca, gakveTilis es arCeviTi nawili ar unda avurioT weriTi an
zepiri produqciis SefasebaSi, rogorc aseTi, da Sesabamisi Sedegebi mkafiod
unda iyos gacnobierebuli moswavleebis mier.
modiT, amis gamo, davubrundeT warmoqmnis xarisxis Sefasebas da CEFR-is mier mowodebul kriteriums. isini Zalze mravalricxovania erT SefasebaSi
gasaTvaliswineblad: me-9 SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes weriT warmoqmnaSi, me-11
ganekuTvnebodes zepir interaqtivs da me-10 _ zepir metyvelebas.
maswavleblis pasuxismgebloba mdgomareobs zogierTi maTganis arCevaSi;
albaT, ara umetes oTxisa, maTi swavlebis arCevanisa da konkretuli Sinaarsis
Sesabamisad. amave dros, cdilobs Seurios kriteriumebi, romlebic dakavSire-
bulia davalebis SesrulebasTan (Tematuri ganviTareba, gadabma, Tavisuflad
metyveleba, gadaxveva da misT.) da enis aspeqtebTan dakavSirebuli sxva krite-
riumebi (gramatikuli sizuste, fonetikuri kontroli, orTografiuli kon-
troli da misT.).
rogorc ki moxdeba am arCevanis miReba, maswavleblebs SeuZliaT mianiWon
qulebi TiToeul kriteriums da gaanawilon isini yovel kriteriumSi miRweuli
donis mixedviT, ra Tqma unda, klasis donisa da miRweuli miznebis namdvili
molodinis gaTvaliswinebiT.
modiT, aviRoT magaliTi, romelTa mizanic silabusebSi aris B1 done, ma-galiTad, safrangeTSi meoTxe weli (troisieme). zepiri interaqtivis Sefasebis
skala SesaZloa gamoiyurebodes Semdegnairad:
94
miRebuli kriteriumi done A1 done A2 done B1 done
fonologiuri kontroli 1 qula 3 qula 5 qula
sociolingvisturi Sesabamisoba 1 qula 3 qula 5 qula
moqniloba 2 qula 4 qula 5 qula
gramatikuli sizuste 2 qula 4 qula 5 qula
am magaliTis mixedviT, saubarSi an debatebSi moswavlis monawileobisas
maswavlebeli afasebs A2 donis Sesabamisad aq miRebuli pirveli sami kriteri-
umiT da B1 dones meoTxe kriteriumiT (gramatikuli sizuste) Seadgens 20-dan 15
qulas.
3. TviTSefaseba da maswavleblis Sefaseba Cans, rom Cven Sors varT wina TavSi miRebuli TviTSefasebisgan. bavSvebs
sTxoves SeefasebinaT maTi warmateba davalebebiT swavlebisas an enis maT mier
gamoyenebis dros. am mizniT maT hqondaT ELP Sesamowmebeli siebi.
Sesrulebis xarisxis maswavleblis mier Sefasebis meTodebi zemoT
CamoTvlili xarisxobrivi kriteriumebia. maswavleblis Sefasebasa da TviTSe-
fasebas Soris sxvaoba albaT warmoadgens ZiriTad problemas CEFR-isa da ELP-is Semotanisa saswavlo praqtikaSi,
Tumca, mainc aRvniSnavdiT, rom es sxvaoba ufro izRudeba, rodesac
orives gaaCnia CEFR-is saerTo Sefasebis resursi doneebTan da kompetenciebis
doneebis skalasTan mimarTebiT. ufro metic, Tu Sefasebis kriteriumebi nac-
nobia moswavleebisaTvis da maTi Sesruleba fasdeba da analizdeba am mimar-
TulebiT, maSin maswavleblis Sefaseba udavod mniSvnelovania TviTSefasebis
swavlisaTvis.
4. niSnebi da kompetenciis doneebi
am orive aqtivobas sakmaod gansxvavebuli miznebi aqvs.
maswavleblis mier miniWebuli niSnebi did rols TamaSoben gadawy-
vetilebis miRebaSi saswavlo gundebis mier, moswavleebTan da ojaxebTan erTad
maT samomavlo gegmebze da specializaciasTan dakavSirebiT. es asaxavs Ti-
Toeuli disciplinis wvlils moswavlis zogad ganaTlebaSi. Tu TiToeuli
disciplina eqvemdebareba specifikur sazRvrebs, rogoricaa Tanamedrove enebis
aucilebloba, rom calke gakeTdes moxseneba moswavlis kompetenciaze sxva eno-
briv aqtivobebSi; niSnebis miniWeba mainc unda eqvemdebarebodes saerTo max-
asiaTeblebs, safrangeTSi, magaliTad, 0-dan 20-mde qulebis skala moqmedebs.
ufro metic, yvela disciplinaSi, ucxo enaSi qulebis miniWeba moswavlis
kompetencias akavSirebs klasis donis an saswavlo periodis miznebTan.
amgvarad, SesaZloa gvefiqra, rom meoTxeklaseli moswavle, romelic
enaSi B1 kompetencias aCvenebs da, Sesabamisad, srulad aqvs miRweuli mizani
enis flobaSi, is klasis doneze imsaxurebs 20-dan 20 qulas.
imave miznis mixedviT, es maqsimaluri qulaTa raodenoba 20-dan 20 mieni-
Weboda A1 donis nebismier moswavles dawyebiTi skolis bolos, A2 done sabazo
95
skolis (college) 1 etapis bolos da B2 done zogadi ganaTlebis bolos saSualo
skolis safexurze (lycee). ratom xdeba es ase iSviaTad? ratom uaryofen amdeni skolis maswavle-
blebi, daweron niSnebi am kompetenciis donis Sesabamisi SesrulebisTvis?
pasuxi naTelia: imitom, rom tradiciulad dasmuli niSani Tanamedrove
enebSi unda cnobdes rogorc moswavlis warmatebas maswavleblis molodineb-
Tan dakavSirebiT, agreTve unda uCvenebdes, rom moswavles SeuZlia hqondes da
unda ganagrZos Semdegi progresi.
aseTi niSnis dawerisas, rodesac moswavles jer ar miuRwevia enis sruli
flobisTvis, SiSs unergavs, rom maT mier maqsimaluri srulyofis miRweva efe-
merulia.
Tumca, zustad CEFR-s ekisreba daadginos moswavlis adgili sakomuni-
kacio kompetenciis uwyvetobaSi da misi kvalificiurobis done sxvadasxva
SesaZlo donis mimarT.
Tu CEFR-is skalis da ELP-is gamoyenebiT, maswavlebels SeuZlia uCvenos
moswavleebs, Tu sad aris misaRwevi mizani am kontinuumSi saswavlo procesis
konkretul adgilidan, maT aRar SeeSindebaT moswavleebs niSAni dauweron im
mizniT. arc erTi meoTxe klasis moswavles, romelTac miRebuli aqvT 20-dan 20
qula enaSi aRar aCvenebs, rom maT miaRwies C2 dones da SeuZliaT daidgan daf-
nis gvirgvini.
rodesac niSnebi da CEFR-is skalasTan Sesabamisoba gamoiyeneba damate-
biTad, maSin maT SeuZliaT Seasrulon maTi Sesabamisi roli.
ra mniSvneloba eniWeba 14 qulas 20-idan weriTi davalebis SesrulebisT-
vis saSualo skolis meore wlis moswavlis mier, magaliTad, dawyebiTi skolis
Semdeg Seswavlil enaSi? es unda aRniSnavdes, rom moswavles jer ar miuRwevia
srulyofili kvalificiurobisaTvis am enis yvela aspeqtis aqtivobaSi, romle-
bic mocemulia A2 donis gansazRvrebaSi, magram misi Sesruleba akmayofilebs
Tundac A1 donis moTxovnebs.
aris aSkara upiratesoba enis swavlebaSi Sefasebis am ori skalis pir-
dapir gamoyenebisas:
- klasis specifikuri mizani _ imisTvis, rom aRvniSnoT moswavlis mier
davalebis Sesruleba;
- CEFR-is skala _ imisTvis, rom maswavlebeli gavaTavisufloT miniWe-
buli niSnis mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebuli bundovanebisagan.
es xsnis nawilobriv imas, Tu ratom aris mniSvnelovani, rom ELP-m unda gaacnos moswavleebs zogadi idea doneebis Sesaxeb saSualo skolidanve, Tun-
dac am momentisaTvis es scildebodes moswavleebis momentalur unarebs, ara-
med darCes igive yvela asakis momxmareblebisaTvis.
Tumca, modiT, isev mivubrundeT 14 qulas 20-idan, romelic mocemuli iyo
nimuSad. rogorc ukve vnaxeT, es aris awonis Sedegi, romelic maswavlebelma
miiRo sxvadasxva Sefasebis kriteriumebis SejerebiT. is SesaZloa moicavdes
sxva elementebsac.
sociokulturuli codnac unda Sefasdes da SefasebaSi eqvemdebarebodes
specifikur niSnebs. ufro metic, savarjiSo xandaxan SeiZleba moicavdes sxva
sakomunikacio davalebis komponentebs, mag. damwyebTaTvis leqsikisa da gramati-
kis swavlis Semowmebas.
amis gamo, 14 qula 20-idan SeiZleba iyos moswavlis realuri kompetencie-
bis arasrulyofili asaxva. aqedan ori daskvna gamogvaqvs:
- ELP-is wyalobiT TviTSefaseba avsebs maswavleblis Sefasebas da
ukavSirdeba kompetenciis mxolod erT dones;
- aucilebelia mkafiod miuTiToT moswavleebs ras niSnavs savarjiSo an
niSani kompetenciis Sefasebisas da ras niSnavs qceva, damaxsovreba,
swavla da misT.
96
5. rodis SeiZleba CaiTvalos rom moswavlem miaRwia kompetenciis dones?
rom vupasuxoT xSirad dasmul am kiTxvas, Cven unda gamovarCioT sami
gansxvavebuli SemTxveva.
pirveli: kompetenciis donis Sesamowmebeli saSualeba warmodgenilia
sertifikatiT an gamocdiT CEFR-is kompetenciebis doneebis Sesabamisad. ma-
galiTi, romelic gvaxsendeba, aris sertifikatebi, romlebic gaica ucxouri
kulturuli centrebis Semadgeneli ALTE-s (evropaSi enis gamomcdelTa asocia-
cia) mier. am serTifikatebis Sesabamisoba saguldagulo mopyrobisa da evropis
sabWos mier evropis doneze saerTo midgomebis xelSewyobis sagania. CEFR-is skalis RirebulebisTvis mniSvnelovania, rom nebismieri damowmebuli B1 done warmoadgendes imave unarebs, miuxedavad imisa, Tu romel qveyanaSi gaica ser-
Tifikati damoukideblad enis Sefasebisa. aseTi Sesabamisobis, testebis xan-
grZlivobisa da testebis ganmavlobaSi demonstrirebuli unarebis zogadi ga-
moyenebis Sesamowmeblad gamoyenebuli situaciebis speqtris Sedegad, es ser-
Tifikatebi warmoadgenen individualuri enobrivi kompetenciis donis Semowme-
bis models.
Semowmebis meore mxare warmodgenilia testebiT, romlebic organizebu-
lia maswavleblebis mier maTi moswavleebisaTvis saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi.
Cven vnaxeT, rom testebis sarwmunooba da samarTlianoba SesaZloa gamoswordes
CEFR-is rigi rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT. maT aqvT TavianTi sazRvrebi:
maT ar SeuZliaT Seamowmon aqtivobebis mTeli speqtri, rac aucilebelia ga-
rantiis misacemad, rom testSi warmateba ar aris mxolod erTjeradi movlena.
zogadad misaRebi daskvnis gamotana individualuri warmatebidan rTulia, ro-
melic im faqtiT Zlierdeba, rom es Sefasebebi gakeTebulia aucileblad swav-
lebaze dayrdnobiT da garkveul doneze imdenad aris codnis Sefaseba, rogorc
kompetenciis Sefaseba.
es ukanaskneli gulisxmobs moswavleebisaTvis swavlebas, Tu rogor ga-
moiyenon ELP. zogadad moswavle iTvleba, rom enobriv aqtivobaSi kompetenciis
dones miaRwia, rodesac man SeZlo AaTi deskriptoridan warmatebiT daemowme-
bina Svidi-rva deskriptori.
Cven zemoT vnaxeT, rom ELP-is gamoyeneba moiTxovs maswavleblis mier
xelmZRvanelobas da rom TviTSefaseba swavlis procesis mniSvnelovani kompo-
nentia, romelic moiTxovs, rom kompetencia Sefasdes maswavleblis mier, ker-
Zod, Sesrulebis kvalificiuri aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
amdenad, mniSvnelovania moswavleebi davarwmunoT, rom deskriptori ver
CaiTvleba miRweulad, Tu ganmeorebiT ar gaiara warmatebiT aRwerili davaleba
da situaciebis farTo speqtri. erTjeradi warmateba mecadineobisas an Sefase-
bisas deskriptorTan dakavSirebul davalebaSi mniSvnelovania, magram arasak-
marisi imis saCveneblad, rom moswavles SeuZlia warmatebiT Seasrulos igive
davaleba yvela situaciaSi. ELP deskriptori miuTiTebs unarze, romelic
zogadad misaRebia sxvadasxva situaciaSi.
rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, zogierTi ELP-i gulisxmobs deskriptorebTan da-
kavSirebuli adgilebis sixSires. iqneba es dawyebiTi skola Tu saSualo
skola, moswavleebma unda iswavlon sakuTari TviTSefasebis marTva. es aris ne-
bismieri ELP-is dosieebis erT-erTi daniSnuleba. moswavleebs SeuZliaT Cai-
weron es warmatebebi dosieebSi, sanam ganixilaven deskriptorebis mier aR-
niSnul kompetenciis dones srulyofilebis misaRwevad.
amis Sedegad, ramdenime SeniSvna ELP-is saklaso muSaobis sasurvel
raodenobasTan dakavSirebiT. pirdapiri, dauyovnebeli da, Sesabamisad, xSiri
97
urTierToba enis kursis muSaobasa da ELP-is deskriptorebs Soris SesaZloa
naCvenebi iyos maSin, rodesac saxelmZRvanelo an gamoyenebuli saswavlo masala
amaT zustad Seesabameba, an rodesac maswavlebeli iyenebs deskriptorebSi
ilustrirebul situaciaTa CamonaTvals. amis msgavsad, maswavlebels SeuZlia
mxari dauWiros moswavles, CarTos iseTi dokumentebi, romlebic dosieebSi maT
unarebs uCveneben. ELP-is enobrivi biografiis gamoyeneba klasSi progresis mis-
aRwevad da moswavleebis xelSesawyobad imis asaxvis mizniT, Tu ra iswavles
maT, gamonaklis xasiaTs unda atarebdes. semestrSi orjer.
enobrivi pasporti ar unda Seivsos saskolo wlis damTavrebamde an
rodesac adgili aqvs mniSvnelovani etapis _ specializaciis an ganaTlebis
cvlilebas.
98
Tavi 3
ELP.jt!hbnpzfofcb!nptxbwmffcTj!nsbwbmfopwofcjt!!
nybsebtbXfsbe!!
aqamde visaubreT CEFR-isa da ELP-is gamoyenebaze Tanamedrove enebis
swavlebaSi da konkretul enaSi moswavleebis kompetenciebis SefasebaSi. mraval
qveyanaSi, maT Soris safrangeTSi, yvela enis maswavlebeli aswavlis mxolod
erT Tanamedrove enas, romelSic isini specializdebian. ZiriTad sargebels,
romelsac isini miiReben am meTodebidan, exeba gakveTilis Catarebas mocemul
enaSi.
Tumca, Secdoma iqneboda gvefiqra, rom mxolod es aris CEFR-is funqcia. piriqiT, CEFR-i eyrdnoba enis swavlebis imgvar Sexedulebas, romelic SeiZleba
gagebuli iyos mxolod mravalenovnebis konteqstSi.
1. rogor gansazRvravs CEFR mravalenovnebas
CEFR-is ganmarteba sakmaod naTelia:
`mravalenovneba da mravalkulturuli kompetenciebi ganekuTvneba unars,
gamoviyenoT enebi sakomunikacio miznebisaTvis da monawileoba miviRoT kul-
turaTa Soris urTierTobebSi, sadac pirovnebas, romelic socialur agentadaa
miCneuli, cvalebadi donis gamocdileba aqvs sxvadasxva enaSi da sxvadasxva
kulturaSi. es ar aris garkveuli kompetenciebis damateba an dapirispireba,
aramed kompleqsuri da Tundac kompoziciuri kompetenciebis gamocdilebis
arseboba~ (CEFR, gv. 168) maswavleblebisaTvis es ganmarteba sakmaod inovaciuri da mdidaria
Tavisi mniSvnelobiT. yoveli individis mravalenovani kompetencia amasTan da-
kavSirebiT gansazRvrulia C-Ti, rogorc calke kompetencia sxvadasxva enaSi im
komponentebiT, romlebic individebs saSualebas aZlevs, daakmayofilon maTi
sxvadasxva sakomunikacio moTxovnileba. imisaTvis, rom moqmedi mravalenovani
repertuaris ganviTareba efeqturi iyos, ar SeiZleba is sxvadasxva enaze cod-
nisa da unarebis ubralo SeerTebad miviCnioT, aramed erTmaneTis Semavseblad
da sinergiad lingvistur codnasa da swavlas Soris.
CEFR-is ganmartebiT, mravalenovani kompetencia calsaxad araTanabari da
cvalebadia. sxvadasxva enaze kompetenciis doneebi, rolebic Seadgenen mrava-
lenovan kompetenciebs, SeuZlebelia identuri iyos yvela enaze yvela donis
aqtivobisaTvis. es xsnis imas, Tu ratom SeiZleba moswavle flobdes mxolod
ramdenime kompetencias konkretul enaSi, Tu es unari avsebs sxva unarebs sxva
enebSi. am gansazRvrebiT realuric ki aris, rom konkretuli personaluri an
profesiuli moTxovnilebebi da kompetenciebi enaSi mxolod enis specifikuri
aqtivobebiT unda ganviTardnen (`nawilobrivi kompetencia~).
ratom aris aucilebeli, SegveZlos lingvisturi repertuaris gadatana
sxvadasxva situaciaSi, romlebSic SesaZloa warmoiqmnas komunikaciis saWi-
roeba. sxvadasxva enaze kompetenciebs Soris am araTanabrobis aRiarebasTan er-
Tad, saganmanaTleblo qmedeba yovel moswavles unda uzrunvelyofdes saSu-
alebebiT, romelTa dakmayofileba aucilebelia SemdgomSi axali moTxovnile-
bebis Sesabamisad sxva enebis kompetenciis umaRles doneze.
99
Tu am ganmartebas gaviTvaliswinebT, mravalenovneba enis maswavle-
blebisTvis mdidari wyaro gamodis. is iZleva sakmaod myar pedagogiur safuZ-
vels kompetenciebis evropuli miznis dasabuTebisa da miRwevisaTvis mSobliuri
enisagan gansxvavebul sul mcire or Tanamedrove enaSi yvela moswavlisaTvis.
is axal perspeqtivebs usaxavs Tanamedrove enebis disciplinad Camoyalibebas,
rac aWarbebs imas, rasac konkretul enaSi specializacia hqvia.
2. sxva enebis Seswavlis aqtivobebis gaTvaliswineba
yvela an TiTqmis yvela moswavle swavlobs sul mcire or Tanamedrove enas.
konkretuli enis maswavleblebi, ra Tqma unda, ecnobian sakuTari moswavleebis
codnis dones mxolod im drois ganmavlobaSi, rac daTmobili aqvs enis swav-
lebas. miuxedavad amisa, moswavleebi met-naklebad iTviseben erTdroulad ori
sxvadasxva enis swavlebis unarebs. xSirad gaucnobiereblad aRmoaCenen, rom
TandaTanobiT qmnian am Tavis dasawyisSi aRniSnul mravalenovan kompetencias.
samwuxaroa, rom garkveuli gamonaklisebiT isini martoni arTmeven am procesebs
Tavs hipoTezebisa da sargeblis sxvadasxva donis gamocdilebis safuZvelze,
maTi maswavleblis daxmarebis gareSe.
swavleba mniSvnelovania. Tanamedrove enebis swavla aRar unda miiCneodes
sakomunikacio kompetenciebis avtonomiur konstruirebad, romelic daculi
unda iyos sxva saswavlo aqtivobebis yovelgvari kontaqtisagan, aramed rogorc
sayovelTao sakomunikacio kompetenciebis ganviTarebis Seneba. sakmaod naTelia,
rom ar arsebobs kiTxva TiToeuli enis specifikuri bunebis uaryofaze an STa-
beWdilebis moxdenaze, rom SesaZloa enebi avurioT swavlis procesSi negati-
uri Sedegis gareSe. realuri kiTxvebia: enis swavlebisas rogor SeiZleba vis-
argebloT sxva enebis wina an paraleluri swavlebisgan? rogor SegviZlia
davexmaroT moswavleebs, efeqtur warmatebas miaRwion sxvadasxva enis swav-
lebis aqtivobebs Soris?
mizanSewonilia vifiqroT, rom adre Tu gvian saxelmZRvaneloebi aRiare-
ben zemoaRniSnulis CarTvas da gaTvaliswinebas erTdrouli swavlebis
sxvadasxva kombinaciebisTvis.
Tumca ukve SegviZlia am mimarTulebis ganxorcieleba arsebuli sax-
elmZRvanelos gamoyenebiT.
am azris konkretuli ilustrirebisaTvis gadavwyviteT, gamogvekvlia
sxvadasxva enis maswavleblis mier SesaZlo qmedeba _ am SemTxvevaSi germanulis
da inglisurisa _ frang moswavleebTan, romlebmac daiwyes am ori enis swavla
saSualo skolis dawyebisTanave `orenovan~ klasebSi. es klasebi cnobilia, rom
ar warmoadgenen yvelaze gavrcelebul situaciebs, magram qvemoT moyvanili
rCevebi Seqmnilia aseTi SemTxvevebisTvis da exeba enebis yvela danarCen kombi-
nacias da klasis doneebs. Sedegi bunebrivad damokidebulia aRniSnul or
enaze, sadac maTi yvelaze mniSvnelovania kompleqsuri gamoyenebis meTodi.
warmodgenili midgoma moicavs am moswavleebis saxelmZRvaneloebis de-
talur Seswavlas, raTa sworad movifiqroT SesaZlo sayrdeni punqtis dadgena
mocemuli ori enis urTierTSevsebisaTvis. adgilisa da mkiTxvelebis moTxovne-
bis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT aranairi interesi am ori enisadmi,
Cven es kvleva unda gavagrZeloT inglisuris (New Live) da germanulis (Aufwind) saxelmZRvaneloebis pirveli ori Tavis Seswavlis Sesabamisad.
CEFR-is mier rekomendebuli `qmedebaze orientirebuli midgomis“ da am
nawilis pirvel TavSi aRwerili procedurebis Sesabamisad, unda daviwyoT am
or saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili davalebebis gamokvleva erTdroulad da-
bali saSualo skolebis ELP-is Sesamowmebel siebTan erTad. am sax-
elmZRvaneloebis pirvel or TavSi Semdegi Adeskriptorebi gvxvdeba:
100
A1 laparaki sxvasTan (zepiri interaqtivi)
- SemiZlia vTqva vin var, sad davibade, sad vcxovrob da moviTxovo imave tipis
informacia sxvisgan
- SemiZlia vTqva, ras vakeTeb, rogor var da sxvas vkiTxo, Tu rogor aris
- SemiZlia warvadgino vinme, mivesalmo da davemSvidobo
- SemiZlia martivad vesaubro xalxs, visac vicnob da sxvebs davusva kiTxvebi
- SemiZlia vupasuxo martiv personalur kiTxvebs da davsva msgavsi kiTxvebi
- SemiZlia daviTvalo, davasaxelo raodenobebi da vTqva, Tu ra droa.
- SemiZlia SemiZlia mivawodo winadadeba an SevTavazo rame vinmes
- SemiZlia visaubro Sexvedraze da gamoviyeno magaliTad, `Semdeg kviras~, `ga
sul paraskevs~, `noemberSi~, `sam saaTze~
AA2 vinmesTan laparaki
- SemiZlia gamovxato daTanxmeba an uaryofa martiv formebSi.
A1 mosmena da gageba (auraluri aRqma)
- SemiZlia gavigo martivi instruqciebi da informacia.
A1 uwyveti gamoxatva an wera (zepiri Sesruleba an weriTi gamoxatva)
- SemiZlia Sevadgino martivi frazebi `da~, `magram~, `Semdeg~ sityvebis gamo-
yenebiT.
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, radganac silabusebi erTnairia yvela enisT-
vis, es sia sakmarisia imis saCveneblad, rom arsebobs xandaxan prognozirebadi
mravali saerTo Sexebis wertili.
Tumca imisTvis, rom swavlebaze daskvnebi gamovitanoT unda ganvagrZoT da
vnaxoT, Tu rogor arTmeven Tavs saxelmZRvaneloebi am unarebs. ra gvaiZulebs
davyoT es deskriptorebi davalebebad da situaciebad, rogorc es gverdze ga-
vakeTeT? maSin unda miviRoT saerTo pozicia da gansxvavebuli midgomebi ori
saxelmZRvanelosaTvis.
A1 vinmesTan saubrisas SemiZlia vTqva: vin var, sad davibade, sad vcxovrob da moviTxovo imave tipis informacia
sxvisgan
New Live Aufwind
SemiZlia vTqva Cemi saxeli Tavi 1. Tavi 1.
SemiZlia aso-aso vTqva Cemi saxeli Tavi 1.
SemiZlia vkiTxo sxvas misi saxeli Tavi 1 Tavi 1.
SemiZlia vTqva, romel qalaqSi da/an
qveyanaSi vcxovrob Tavi 1.
SemiZlia vTqva, saidan var da vkiTxo
sxvas igive informacia Tavi 2 Tavi 1
101
SemiZlia vTqva, ras vakeTeb, rogor var da vkiTxo vinmes Tu rogor aris.
New Live Aufwind
SemiZlia vTqva, Tu rogor var da
vkiTxo vinmes rogor aris Tavi 2.
SemiZlia warvadgino vinme, mivesalmo mas da davemSvidobo
New Live Aufwind
SemiZlia warvadgino vinme da
vTqva misi saxeli Tavi 1 Tavi 1
SemiZlia warvadgino vinme da gamovxato
misi kavSiri CemTan (naTesavi, megobari) Tavi 1
SemiZlia vikiTxo vinmes saxeli Tavi 1 Tavi 1
SemiZlia mivesalmo megobars Tavi 1 Tavi 1 da Tavi 2
vesalmebi mozrdilebs Tavi 1
SemiZlia vupasuxo telefons Tavi 2
SemiZlia movibodiSo, rodesac
sxvas velaparakebi Tavi2
SemiZlia visaubro martivad CemTvis nacnob xalxze da sxvas davusva kiTxvebi
New Live Aufwind
SemiZlia mivuTiTo vinmes xarisxze
an Tvisebaze Tavi 1
SemiZlia davasaxelo ramis feri Tavi 2
SemiZlia vupasuxo martiv personalur kiTxvebs da davsva msgavsi kiTxvebi
New Live Aufwind
SemiZlia vTqva, ris gakeTebis
ufleba maqvs Tavi 2
SemiZlia vTqva, ris gakeTeba
SemiZlia Tavi 2
SemiZlia vikiTxo, Tu maqvs ramis
gakeTebis ufleba Tavi 2
102
SemiZlia vTqva, ris gakeTeba minda
da ar minda Tavi 1
SemiZlia vikiTxo, Tu ris gakeTeba
surs sxvas Tavi 1
SemiZlia vTqva, rac ar vici Tavi 1
SemiZlia Tvla, raodenobisa da drois gamoxatva
New Live Aufwind
SemiZlia 10-mde daTvla Tavi 1 Tavi 1
SemiZlia davTvalo 10-ze zeviT 2. Tavi 2
SemiZlia mimateba Tavi 1 da 2
SemiZlia vTqva, ramdeni wlis var da
vkiTxo sxvas, ramdeni wlis aris Tavi 2 Tavi 2
SemiZlia vTqva, ra droa Tavi 1
SemiZlia winadadeba mivawodo an SevTavazo vinmes raime.
New Live Aufwind
SemiZlia warvudgino vinmes rame Tavi 1
SemiZlia yuradReba mivapyro rames Tavi 1
SemiZlia davpatiJo vinme ramis
gasakeTeblad Tavi 2
SemiZlia visaubro paemanze an Sexvedraze da gamoviyeno, magaliTad, `Semdeg
kviras~, `gasul paraskevs~, `noemberSi~, `sam saaTze~
New Live Aufwind
SemiZlia vikiTxo, rodis tardeba raime Tavi 2
SemiZlia mivuTiTo movlenis an
Sexvedris dRe da dro Tavi 2
103
A2 laparaki sxvasTan SemiZlia gamovxato Tanxmoba an uaryofa martivi formiT.
New Live Aufwind
SemiZlia vTqva, veTanxmebi Tu ara Tavi 1 da 2 Tavi 1 da 2
SemiZlia miviRo an uarvyo mowveva Tavi 2
SemiZlia vTqva, Tu ratom uarvyof mowvevas Tavi 2
SemiZlia vaCveno, rom gaocebuli var Tavi 1
A1 mosmena da gageba
SemiZlia gavigo martivi instruqciebi da informacia
New Live Aufwind
SemiZlia gavigo samuSaos
miTiTebebi klasSi Tavi 1
SemiZlia gavigo martivi
miTiTebebi saxlSi Tavi 2
SemiZlia gavigo martivi informacia Tavi 1
A1 zepiri an weriTi namuSevari
SemiZlia avago frazebi `da~, `magram~, `Semdeg~-is gamoyenebiT
New Live Aufwind
SemiZlia avago frazebi `da~
kavSiris SeerTebiT Tavi 1 da 2 Tavi 1
SemiZlia gamovxato problemasTan
dakavSirebuli ori fraza
`magram~-is gamoyenebiT Tavi 1 da 2
Tu moswavleebs moeTxovebaT, rom msgavsi Sesamowmebeli siebis gamoyene-
biT Seafason maT mier saxelmZRvaneloebidan Seswavlili masala, maSin isini
SeamCneven am ori swavlis aqtivobidan sakmao raodenobis saerTo punqtebs da
ufro meti xalisiT gaecnobian enobriv xerxebs, romelTa gamoyenebac maTTvis
xelmisawvdomia ucxo enaze mosaubreebTan urTierTobisaTvis.
isini SeniSnaven gansxvavebebsac, romlebic sainteresoa sami mizezis gamo.
pirveli, rom am gansxvavebebis codna Zlieri stimulia moswavleebisTvis, raTa
isini isev miubrundnen da gamoiyenon is, rac iswavles dawyebiT skolaSi da
saSualebas miscems, Seasrulon es davalebebi. es agreTve saintereso iqneba
104
maswavleblebisaTvis, rogorc vnaxeT, imisaTvis, raTa gaiTvaliswinon es saWi-
roebebi saxelmZRvaneloSi moyvanili davalebebis Sesasruleblad situaciebTan
adaptirebiT an SecvliT an, sadac mizanSewonilia, axali davalebebis Camate-
biT, raTa gaaqtiurdes moswavleebis prioritetuli codna.
meore da, albaT, yvelaze mniSvnelovania is, rom am gansxvavebis codna
SesaZloa aRmoCndes Zalian efeqturi biZgi imisaTvis, raTa moswavleebma Tavad
dasaxon enobrivi miznebi. im faqtma, rom maT germanulad jer ar SeuZliaT
Tqvan, ris gakeTeba SeuZliaT, miuxedavad imisa, rom maT es naswavli aqvT ing-
lisurad, SeiZleba gaaZlieros swavlis moTxovnileba.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, unda aRiniSnos, rom ramdenime punqts, romlebic
mxolod erT saxelmZRvaneloSi gvxvdeba zemoT moyvanil cxrilebSi, me-3 TavSi
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmoba meore enis SeswavlisaTvis:
- mozrdilis misalmeba;
- Tqma, Tu ris gakeTeba surT;
- vinmesTvis ramis wardgena;
- Tqma imisa, Tu romel qalaqSi/qveyanaSi cxovrobs sxva;
- drois gamoxatva.
danarCens ganvixilavT me-4 da me5 TavSi:
- mobodiSeba vinmesTan saubrisas;
- ramis arcodnis gamoxatva;
- vinmes wardgena, masTan kavSiris aRniSnva
(naTesavi, megobari);
- problemis dasma, ori frazis gadabma
`magram~ kavSiriT;
- Tqma imisa, Tu ris gakeTeba moswonT da ra _ ara;
- vinmes dapatiJeba ramis gasakeTeblad;
- movlenis an Sexvedris dRisa da
drois miTiTeba;
- mowvevis miReba an uaryofa ramis
gasakeTeblad.
zogierTi maTgani warmodgenili ar aris me-6 Tavamde
- Tqma imisa, Tu ris ufleba aqvT;
- Tqma imisa, nebadarTulia Tu ara ramis gakeTeba vinmesTvis;
- ikiTxon, rodis tardeba rame.
sabolood, mocemuli saxelmZRvanelodan detaluri Sedarebis mesame
upiratesobam SesaZloa maswavleblebi im SemTxvevaSi daainteresos, Tu es mi-
zanSewonili iqneba Sesaswavl enaze davalebebis siis dasamateblad, romlebic
am unarebis SeswavliTaa nakarnaxevi: saxelis aso-aso wera, vinmes mokiTxva, Se-
jameba, pasuxi telefonze saubrisas.
axla unda mimovixiloT ori saxelmZRvanelo; kvlav SemofarglebiT
pirveli ori TaviT, kerZod ki _ lingvisturi kompetenciis (leqsikuri da
gramatikuli) ganviTarebiT.
leqsikuri TvalsazrisiT, samuSaos moculoba gansxvavebulia am or sax-
elmZRvaneloSi: 77 sityva inglisurSi da 48 germanulSi, romelTa dazepirebac
aucilebelia.
Tumca, mniSvnelovania sul sxva sakiTxi. inglisuris saxelmZRvanelo me-2
TavSi moswavleebs sTavazobs Semdegi strategiis SemuSavebas: `imisTvis, rom
gaxde inglisuris kargi mkiTxveli, iswavle yvela sityvis amokreba, romelsac
amoicnob: romlebic hgavs franguls; inglisuri sityvebi, romlebic agreTve ga-
moiyeneba frangulSi~.
es exeba ELP-s deskriptorebs dabali saSualo skolisTvis ise, rogorc
moyvanilia qvemoT:
105
A1 kiTxva da gageba: Cemi meTodebi
SemiZlia gamovicno teqstis Sinaarsi ilustraciebis gamoyenebiT
SemiZlia gamovicno sityvebis mniSvneloba, romlebic ar vici,
maTi msgavsebis gamoyenebiT Cems enasTan an sxva enasTan, romelic vici
agreTve SemiZlia...
fiqris es procesi ar aris germanuli saxelmZRvanelos prerogativa, sa-
dac SesaZloa davinaxoT, rom pirvel or TavSi Cndeba 48 sityva:
- 13 maTgani nacnobia frangulidan (Familie, Post, Karte, Baby, Club, Flote, Tennis, fotographieren, Musik, Theater, Volleyball, Basketball, Orchester);
- Tormeti germanuli sityva am Tavidan gviCvenebs did msgavsebas ing-
lisur sityvebTan (was/what, is/ist, and/und, hello/hallo, friend/Freund, ball/Ball, com-puter/Computer, man/mann, to sing/singen, to swim/schwimmen, mother/Mutter, fa-ther/Vater).
amis gamo, es niSnavs, rom mkafiod gamoyenebuli strategia inglisuris
kursSi SesaZloa miviRoT, rogorc didi Semobruneba germanulis kursSi: am
ori Tavis sityvebis naxevarze meti am midgomis asaxvaa.
sabazo skolis safexurze ELP-sTan muSaoba moswavleebs saSualebas mis-
cems, aRniSnon inglisuris swavla am kategoriis Sesabamis adgilas. es iqneba
agreTve kargi SesaZlebloba, Tu germanulis maswavlebels ecodineba, rogor
isargeblos aqedan, uCvenos moswavleebs, rom strategia SeiZleba gavrceldes
sxva enebze da SeviswavloT misi sargeblianoba germanulisTvis, da, amasTanave,
mivagnoT mraval leqsikur saerTo fesvsa Tu nasesxobas germanulsa da ing-
lisurs / frangulsa da germanuls Soris.
ori saxelmZRvanelos erTsa da imave TavSi gramatikis Sedareba ar as-
axavs saerTo momentebs indikativis awmyoSi damxmare da wesieri zmnebis uR-
lebis garda. es ar aris gasakviri da sakmaod marTebulia, radgan franguleno-
vani moswavleebis sirTule or enaze ar aris identuri. Tumca, ori sax-
elmZRvanelos Sedareba maswavleblebis yuradRebas unda iqcevdes zogierT
msgavsebaze, romelic gaSifruli ar aris:
- orive saxelmZRvanelo pirvelive Tavidanve iwyebs mokled `neuter~ saSualo sqesis arsebobiT, da inglisurad brunebis cxrilSi aranairi
axsniT, ufro vrclad _ germanulad da amjerad arsebiTi saxelebis
sqesTan kavSirSi;
106
- am or enaSi ricxvebis warmoeba eqvemdebareba Zalian msgavs proce-
durebs;
- rogorc germanulSi, ise inglisurSi, moswavleebi gaigeben 1-li ricx-
vis formebs (`eins~, `one~) da mis ganusazRvrel artiklebs (`ein(e)~ da a(n)~. magram arc erTi am ori saxelmZRvanelodan ar amaxvilebs
yuradRebas im gansxvavebaze, romelic ar aris frangulSi;
107
- orive saxelmZRvanelo warmoadgens “'s~-is identur formebs, romel-
sac Zalian gansxvavebuli gamoyeneba aqvT am or enaSi: `vin aris es
kaci?~ “Who's this man?~ (elision of “is~) / “Ich bin's~ (elision of “es~);
- germanuli winadadebisTvis zmnis pozicia problematuria, is gramati-
kuli axsnis sagania me-2 TavSi. Tumca, pirveli ori Tavis detaluri
Seswavla gviCvenebs, rom inglisuri winadadebis wyoba garkveul
msgavsebas gviCvenebs xalxSi gavrcelebul gamonaTqvamebTan. amis ma-
galiTia `saidan xarT?~ (New Live, page 38) da (New Live, page 38) an
globaluri kiTxva `SemiZlia..?~(New Live, page 34) da “Machst du auch mit?~ (Aufwind, page 22).
savsebiT naTelia, rom es momentebi ar warmoadgenen ZiriTadi interesis
sagans da sirTuleebsac ar iwveven am ori enis swavlaSi. Tumca, SeiZleba dav-
interesdeT, Tu ra daskvna gamoaqvT moswavleebs am msgavsebebidan da
gansxvavebebidan. Sesabamis adgilze sasurveli iqneboda agvecilebina maswav-
leblis mokle SeniSvna, Tu ra iswavles moswavleebma ucxo enebSi? kargi ar
iqneboda, ori enis swavlebisas gamogveyenebina damTxvevebi ise, rom saTanado
swavlebis meTodiT SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo erTis meoriT gaZliereba?
es ori kiTxva exeba or enas, rogorc sistemebs. isini iyeneben sakomuni-
kacio kompetenciis sxva komponentebsac pragmatul, sociolingvistur da
leqsikur mimarTulebebsa da strategiebSi.
bolo magaliTi gviCvenebs or enas Soris damTxvevebis gaSuqebis
mniSvnelobas mxolod leqsikur an gramatikul msgavsebebze. Aufwind me-2 TavSi
da New Live me-6 TavSi moswavleebi swavloben imis Tqmas, Tu ris gakeTeba mis-
wonT maT (an ar moswonT) da konkretulad ras afaseben an saerTod ar afase-
ben. Tumca, am or enaSi saerToa is, rom leqsikur doneze isini aSkarad
gansxvavdebian mowonebis gamoTqmaSi (gern, mogen / to like) da siyvarulis ga-
moTqmaSi (lieben / to love). ori enis maswavleblebma ician, rom es warmoSobs sir-
Tuleebs imave sityvis `aimer~ frangulSi gamoyenebis gamo. sasargeblo ar iqne-
boda, moswavleebisaTvis wamogvewyo asaxvis Zalian zedapiruli Sedarebebis
procesi germanuls, inglisursa da franguls Soris, raTa es koncefciebi
ufro naTeli gamxdariyo maTTvis?
105-e gverdze aRvniSneT, rom es midgoma sasargeblo iyo yvela situaci-
aSi da yvela klasSi, romlebSic moswavleebi swavloben ramdenime Tanamedrove
enas. Cven amis magaliTebs ufro sxva saxelmZRvaneloebSi vxvdebiT, vidre
imaTSi, romlebic zeviT gavaanalizeT. magaliTad, qvemoT moyvanili sax-
elmZRvanelo, gamiznuli moswavleTaTvis, romlebic iwyeben germanuls ML2-ze, sistematurad CaurTavs sxva rameebs Soris saTaurs Sprachbrucken (erTi enidan
meoreze gadasvla) yvela TavSi.
rodis da ra formiT SeiZleba gakeTdes aseTi Sedareba ori enis masalas
Soris?
108
es urTierTTanamSromlobaa am or
Temas Soris, rogorc Cans, maSin, rodesac
klasis maswavleblebi floben meore enis
kompetenciebs da / an gamonaxaven dros
Seikribon, raTa Seadaron maTi swavlebis
lingvisturi Sinaarsebi da erTad
SeimuSaon situaciebis sia, romelic
moswavleebis TviTSefasebis saSualebas
miscems.
Zalian sasargebloa, roca moswav-
leebs sTavazoben, Seavson maTi ELP-ebi an situaciebis siebi, romlebic uCveneben im
dokumentSi deskriptorebs. es aqtivoba aR-
viZebs konkretul interess naswavli ene-
bisadmi.
Tumca, sasargeblo situaciebi ar aris
moswavlis swavlis aqtivobis yvela mosazre-
bisaTvis winapiroba.
ufro metic, es damTxveva SesaZloa
gaxdes gansakuTrebuli interesis sagani
misTvis sabazo skolis safexurze franguli
ELP-isadmi miZRvnili seqciis wyalobiT.
2 3 Cven aq gvaqvs SesaZlebloba, moswav-
leebma Seafason msgavsebebi da gansxvavebebi
or enas Soris swavlidan ramdenime kviraSi.
SesaZloa, es paragrafebi waikiTxon moswav-
leebma, vTxovoT maT, moiyvanon magaliTebi,
romlebic axsendebaT da romelTa komentire-
bac SesaZlebelia koleqtiurad da Semdeg
vTxovoT maT, monaxon sxva magaliTebi indi-
vidualurad, romlebic SeiZleba Semdeg
ganixilon. swavlis adreul etapebze indi-
vidualur kvlevas SeiZleba daexmaros
cxrili Tavisufali adgilebiT, romelsac
moumzadebs maswavlebeli; am cxrilSi iqneba
erTi an ori enis garkveuli elementebi da
unda Seivsos Sesabamisi elementebiT sxva
enaze. idealur SemTxvevaSi, or sxvadasxva
maswavlebels SeuZliaT es samuSao Caataron
erTad an klasebs Soris monacvleobiT, ro-
melTagan TiTo mieZRvneboda TiToeul enas.
4 am punqtze muSaoba moswavleebTan SeiZleba
maSinve daiwyos, rogorc ki maswavlebeli an
maswavleblebi SeniSnaven aseTi tipis `aRre-
vas~ or enas Soris; magaliTad, naweri na-
109
muSevris gasworebisas an zepiri gamoTqmis fazaSi. aq moswavles unda gavacno-
bierebinoT, rom, bunebrivia, maswavlebeli maTgan moelis enis Tanmimdevrul
gamoyenebas swavlis situaciaSi da erTi enidan meoreze gadaxtomis Tavis
aridebas. Tumca, unda darwmundnen, rom aseTi Secdoma ar aris seriozuli da
aSkara da droebiTia. ufro metic, yvelam viciT, rom terminebis es gamoyeneba
sxva enidan Seesabameba bunebriv da xSirad TiToeuli pirovnebis mravaleno-
vani kompetenciis saTanado gamoyenebas. Tumca es ganapirobebs imas, rom maswav-
leblebi aRrevis dros Tanxmdebian gadawyvetilebis miRebaze. am ELP-is para-grafis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonili iqneboda Tu ara, magaliTad,
daetuqsa moswavleebi, rodesac terminebs or enaze savarjiSoSi aurevdnen an
gamoTqmis davalebaSi ver Seavsebdnen davalebas, an gamoiyenebdnen mSobliur
enas an upasuxebdnen raRac gaugebrobas?
5 am punqtze muSaobisas ELP-s SeeZlo, magali-
Tad, CaerTo trivialuri inglisuri sityvebis
identifikaciis gadmotana germanulis sax-
elmZRvanelos pirvel or TavSi, rogorc es
zemoT iyo warmodgenili.
6 am rCevas mniSvnelovani azri aqvs swavlis
dros moswavlis avtonomiis ganviTarebaSi. am
aspeqtis gaanalizeba moswavleebTan imisTvisaa
saWiro, rom kritikulad ganvixiloT is dask-
vna, romelic gamoaqvT, es ki mniSvnelovani sa-
ganmanaTleblo mizania.
zemoT moyvanili magaliTebi inglisuri da germanuli saxelmZRvaneloe-
bidan miuTiTebs faqtze, rom aqamde cota ram keTdeboda enis klasebSi, kerZod,
enebis siaxloveze, romlebic erT ojaxs miekuTvnebian. Sesrulda mniSvnelovani
Sroma, romelic uCvenebs mis potencials romanuli da germanikuli enebis
swavlebaSi.
moswavleebis sxvadasxva saswavlo aqtivobas Soris sinergiis mravali
SesaZleblobis gamokvlevis Semdeg, axla SegviZlia Sefasebis sakiTxi gan-
vixiloT.
udavoa, rom moswavleebis mier sxvadasxva enebis Seswavla damoukideblad
unda moxdes. aRvniSneT is upiratesobani, romlebic SeiZleba hqondes maswavle-
blebs Soris konsultacias imis Taobaze, Tu rogor unda Catardes Sefasebebi
ELP-is Sesamowmebel siebze dayrdnobiT (ix. Tavi 2, nawili 2).
meore mxriv, SesaZloa vinmes daainteresos, Tu ratom ar unda iyos
sxvadasxva enis swavlebis aqtivobebiT mravalenovani kompetenciis ganviTarebis
swavlebis mizani codnis specifikuri Sefasebis sagani.
SesaZloa sxvadasxva formis gamogoneba, rac Semdeg gasagebi iqneboda
pirveli klasis moswavleebisaTvis, romlebsac namuSevari aqvT zemoT ganx-
ilul or saxelmZRvaneloze da rac am Tavebidan naswavlze iyo agebuli.
modiT, ganvixiloT ramdenime magaliTi:
- moswavleebi mousmendnen Sereul inglisur da germanul sityvebs da
maT sTxovdnen, aReniSnaT TiToeul sityvaSi maxviliani marcvali
(orive saxelmZRvanelo gvTavazobs am tipis savarjiSos maTs Sesabamis
enebSi);
- moswavleebi mousmendnen Sereul inglisur da germanul sityvebs an
gamoTqmebs, rogorc nacnobs, ise ucnobs da maT sTxovdnen aReniSnaT
110
(magaliTad, cxrilSi aR-
niSvniT) Tu romeli enidan
aris es sityvebi an gamoTqmebi,
raTa Semowmdes maTi akusti-
kuri codna, am ori enis max-
vili da prosodiuli max-
asiaTeblebi; qvemoT moyvanili
dawyebiTi skolis espanuri
enis saxelmZRvanelo war-
moadgens am mimarTulebis
savarjiSos;
- moswavleebis mier frang, ger-
manel da inglisel bavSvebs
Soris mokle saubris gageba
moswavleebisaTvis nacnob Te-
mebze, romlebSic TiToeuli
moswavle ilaparakebda mSob-liur enaze misTvis nacnobi formebis ga-
moyenebiT. es uCvenebda moswavleebs konkretuli formiT maTi kompe-
tenciis farglebs da gaacnobda maT sametyvelo situaciebs enobrivi
mravalferovnebisadmi pativiscemiT da praqtikas, romelic xSirad
bunebriv situaciebSi gvxvdeba sxvadasxva enaze metyvelTa urTierTo-
bisas.
3. mravalenovnebis Sefaseba moswavleebSi
`Sefaseba~ niSnavs moswavleebisa da maTi kompetenciebis ganxilvas.
Sedegad, zemoT moyvanil paragrafebSi aRwerili procesi SesaZloa moswavlis
enis kompetencias aRar ganixilavdes dapirispirebis formiT, rogorc es Semdeg
ararealur magaliTSia:
inglisuri
espanuri
A1A2B1B2C1C2
magram Semdegi:
espanuri
111
da misT.
am moswavlis kompetenciis Caweris mizania, warmoaCinos mravalenovani
kompetenciis koncefcia vizualur formaSi. moswavles aqvs sxvadasxva enis
gagebis unari: kerZod, werilobiTi teqsturi resursebis farTo diapazoni.
Tundac is, rom am enebis kompetenciebi aseT warmodgenaSi ararealurad moCans
(Tundac imitom rom Sorsaa yoveldRuri praqtikisgan), is daasabuTebda, rom
sasurveli Sedegis misaRebad yvelaze efeqturi saSualebaa. nebismier
SemTxvevaSi is aris Tanamimdevruli da Zalian advili gamosayenebeli ELP-iT
Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis meSveobiT. ar arsebobs mizezi, Tu ratom ar aris
SesaZlebeli aseTi gziT moswavlis SesaZleblobebis suraTi miviRoT im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Stati wers moxsenebas mis enobriv kompetenciebze im
mizniT, rom Sefasdes, Tu mravalenovnebis TvalsazrisiT, ra doneze iqna miR-
weuli mizani konkretuli unarebis SesaZenad mocemuli meTodis gamoyenebiT.
am tipis sqemas, romelic moicavs sxvadasxva kompetenciis diapazons, aqvs
sxva upiratesobac. is moicavs moswavlis mier nalaparakev da naswavl yvela
enas, mSobliuri enis CaTvliT, sxvadasxva mSobliur enas, romlebzec, SesaZloa,
isini laparakobdnen ojaxebSi an megobrebis jgufSi da enebs, romlebsac isini
dauflebian, Tundac nawilobriv, skolis gareT, vizitebisas, saswavlo pe-
riodSi, ardadegebze an ama Tu im enaze mosaubreebTan regularul kontaqtSi.
ELP-is konsultirebisas Cven SevamCnieT kargad mofiqrebuli arCevani,
romlis mixedviTac CarTuli unda iyos ufro meti ena, vidre skolebSi iswav-
leba.
enobrivi pasporti profilebs cvlis eqvs sxvadasxva enaSi.
112
Sesamowmebel siaSi fran-
guli ELP-isTvis TiToeuli
deskriptoris win moswavle
modelis mixedviT ganixi-
lavs oTxidan eqvs aRsaniSn
rgols, romelTagan Ti-
Toeuli sxvadasxva enas
Seesabameba.
araviTar SemTxvevaSi enis maswavleblebisgan ar unda movelodeT, Seas-
wavlon naswavli enisagan gansxvavebuli ena. maT, ubralod, unda movuwonoT,
rodesac isini ar afaseben moswavleebs lingvisturi kompetenciebis ugulebe-
113
lyofiT. moswavleebis gamxneveba, Seavson maTi ELP-ebi klasSi an skolaSi nas-
wavli enebisgan gansvavebul enebis TviTSefasebiT, uCvenebs maT lingvistur
profils da mravalenovan kompetencias, romelic unda daicvan da gaaerTianon.
yoveli konkretuli enis maswavlebeli unda iqceodes aRmzrdeliviT da
Tvlides Tavs nawilobriv pasuxismgeblad moswavleebis ganaTlebaSi mraval-
ferovnebisa da mravalenovnebis mimarTulebiT.
enis maswavleblis amocanaa, moswavle aiyvanos kompetenciis SesaZlo
umaRles doneze misi mSobliuri enisgan gansxvavebul sul mcire or enaze.
Tumca enis swavla mtkiced unda miiCneodes xangrZliv procesad. aravis
SeuZlia gansazRvros, ra dasWirdebaT enis moswavleebs maT pirad da profe-
siul momavalSi, ra tipis enobrivi aqtivoba da gamocdilebis ra doneze iqneba
maTTvis is moTxovnili. amis gamo, enis swavlebis pasuxismgebloba yoveli
moswavlis aucilebeli zogadi pirovnuli kompetenciebiTa da meTodologiuri
Tu emociuri unarebiT uzrunvelyofaa, rac maT moandomebs gaamdidron, ganavi-
Taron da gaamravalferovnon enobrivi codna da kompetenciebi.
meTodologiur swavlasTan erTad, rac mocemulia saxelmZRvaneloebSi,
sabazo safexuris skolisTvis franguli ELP Seicavs ramdenime gverds, `swav-lis Cemeuli meTodebi~, rac moswavleebs sTavazobs gzebs, Tu rogor ganavi-
Taron sakuTari damoukidebloba ise, rom moicvan yvela ena, romlebsac swav-
loben.
yvela ELP afasebs iniciativasac, romelic SeiZleba gamoiCinon moswav-
leebma enebis gamoyenebaSi maTi mawavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT an pirovnul sa-
fuZvelze.
114
115
aq SegviZlia analogia moviyvanoT musikis, sportisa da fizikuri ganaT-
lebis swavlebasTan. am ori disciplinis mizania, moswavleebi aRWurvos cod-
niTa da unarebiT. mizani aris agreTve is, rom moswavleebs misces musikaluri
an individualuri Tu koleqtiuri sportis gamocdileba. igive SeniSvna mie-
sadageba enis maswavleblebs: enis maswavleblis warmateba SesaZloa gaizomos,
Tu ra doneze aZlevs is mis moswavleebs survils, ena gamoiyenos klasis gareT.
ELP-i saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, warmoaCinos Tanamedrove enaSi Sesrule-
buli aqtivobebi, inciativebi, kontaqtebi am enaze molaparakeebTan. mravaleno-
vani da mravalkulturuli kompetenciis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, ELP-i erT
mTlianobad ganixilavs klasSi Tu mis gareT SeZenil unarebs, skolaSi da pi-
rovnul safuZvelze naswavli enebis gamoyenebas, skolis, moswavlisa Tu
ojaxis iniciativiT ganxorcielebul kontaqtebsa da vizitebs. Sesabamisad,
ELP-i aniWebs maswavleblebs damatebiT rols, romelic scdeba enis, rogorc
sagnis swavlebas. amis gamo, isini iseT situaciaSi arian, rom SeuZliaT
SeurCion TavianT moswavleebs swavlis mimarTulebebi da mianiWon
mniSvnelovani Rirebuleba am iniciativebs sxvadasxva tipis gamocdaSi, rac gaT-
valiswinebulia ELP-Si. sabolood, mravalenovani ganaTleba unda iTvaliswinebdes mravalferov-
nebas. Cven mokled unda mivmarToT orive maTgans, enebs Soris Suamdgomlobasa
da sxvadasxva enebis gamoyenebas verbalur gacvlebSi.
rogorc Cans, mravalenovani ganaTlebis sxvadasxva gzebis TvalsazrisiT,
Cven SevexeT adgils, sadac jer kidev mcire pedagogiuri eqsperimenti mimdi-
nareobs. am Tavis danarCen nawilSi unda ganvixiloT amJamad naklebad gamo-
yenebuli moqmedebis zogierTi forma, magram ueWvelad davadasturebdiT maTs
Semdgom gamoyenebas.
rodesac aRvniSneT sxvadasxva enobrivi aqtivoba, romelic dadgenilia
CEFR-is mier, SevxvdiT Sualedur aqtivobas, rasac naklebi yuradReba daeTmo
mas Semdeg. Tumca, enebs Soris Suamdgomloba farTodaa gavrcelebuli; amasTan
dakavSirebiT, gTavazobT magaliTs: moswavle, romelic maspinZlobs ucxoel me-
gobars Tavis saxlSi, bunebrivad CarTuli iqneba Suamavlad, raTa, Tuki
dasWirdeba, ucxoels gadauTargmnos misi mSoblebis naTqvami an piriqiT,
uTxras mSoblebs, ra unda mis megobars. rogorc wesi, or enas Soris dis-
balansia da aq laparaki ar aris `klasikur~ Targmanze.
ELP-ze muSaobisas aseTi asaxva, rogoric qvemoT moyvanil magaliTSia,
savsebiT realuria:
situaciebi, romlebSic unda memoqmeda Suamavlad or (an met) enas Soris
. . . . . sad? ra konteqstSi?. . . . . . . . .
visTan erTad? visTvis? . . . .
gamoyenebuli ena. . . . . . .
SeniSvnebi (warmateba - sirTule - rogor SemiZlia Cemi Tavi ukeTesad
movamzado an ufro warmatebuli viyo aseT situaciebSi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
meore, xSirad ganmeorebuli situaciaa, rodesac individs uwevs gadavides
erTidan meore enaze verbaluri gacvlebisas, an roca misi leqsika erT enaze
iwereba, an roca laparakis Tema icvleba, an roca ena TandaTan dominanturi
xdeba erT-erTi mosaubris survilis an saWiroebis gamo.
116
aq isev xelSemwyobi asaxva SeiZleba iyos mniSvnelovani. aman SeiZleba
miiRos sxvadasxva forma.
SeiZleba am azris asaxvas Tan daerTos, magaliTad, dosie.
ra situaciebSi milaparakia ramdenime enaze?
sad? visTan? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ena, romelic gamomiyenebia rodis? ra Tema? ratom es ena?
SeniSvnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cven es Tavi mravalenovan ganaTlebaze misi erT-erTi mTavari aspeqtiT
unda davamTavroT: ganaTlebis dafaseba da pativiscema enobrivi da kulturuli
mravalferovnebisaTvis.
ubralod, unda mivmarToT ELP-Si Semavali dabali klasebisaTvis
gankuTvnil buklets `enebi da maTi mravalferovneba~, romelic gvTavazobs ma-
117
salebs enis swavlebaze imisaTvis, raTa moswavleebma Seicnon realoba da mra-
valferovnebis mniSvneloba.
rom gavyveT imave xazs, enis maswavleblebs SeuZliaT CarTon ELP-sTan
muSaobaSi Semdegi damatebiTi aqtivobebi:
enebis gamocdileba, romlebic ar vici, magram...
1) ena, romelic gamigonia
gagonili ena rogor unda gamovicno is? ra gavige da rogor?
2) enebi, romlebzec vkiTxulob
ena, romelic gvxvdeba weraSi rogor gamovicani is? gavige Semgedi winadadebebi da
setyvebi
118
ukve aRvniSneT, rom es prospeqtebi mainc unda iqnes aRmoCenili da gam-
didrebuli pirovnuli gamocdilebiT. gzam, romelic mkiTxvelebma am wignis
eqvsi Tavis meSveobiT gaiares, maT saSualeba misca, gaegoT sidiade ucxo ene-
bisa da ganaTlebis sxva safexurebi, rac saxelmZRvaneloebSia warmodgenili.
es midgoma aris pirveli wvlili, gaRebuli TiToeuli mkiTxvelis mier,
raTa koleqtiurad Seiqmnas enis swavlebis forma, romelic TandaTanobiT mra-
valenovan ganaTlebad unda iqces.
119
daskvna
mas Semdeg, rac Tanamedrove enis swavleba gaxda disciplina sakuTari
uflebiT, is yovelTvis miiswrafvis ufro meti efeqturobisaken. es procesi
axal stimuls maSin iRebs, roca enobrivi unarebi da sxva kulturebSi SeWrili
molaparakeebTan komunikaciis unari xdeba pirovnuli da koleqtiuri moTxovna
yvela evropelisaTvis.
sami ZiriTadi gamowveva am sferoSi ganviTarebas niSnavs.
pirveli aris efeqturobis garemo yvela moswavlisaTvis. es moiTxovs,
sxvaTa Soris, zusti miznebis dasaxvasa da sasargeblo progresis orientirebiT
uzrunvelyofas, progresis Sefasebasa da warmatebul pedagogikas, romelic
eyrdnoba moswavlis realur kompetencias.
meore aris evropuli da saerTaSoriso ganzomileba, romelic etapo-
brivad mamoZravebeli Zala xdeba Tanamedrove enebis swavlebisa da swavlisT-
vis. is aris disciplinis legitimaciis centraluri faqtori, rac ganapirobebs
pirovnul motivaciasa da pirad valdebulebas, rac mniSvnelovania enis swav-
lisaTvis.
mesame: enis Seswavla xangrZlivi aqtivobaa, romelic xandaxan Zalze au-
cilebeli xdeba. ganaTlebis sistemam moswavleebi unda aRWurvos unarebiT
ramdenime enaSi. man aseve Tanabrad unda aRWurvos isini qceviT, unarebiTa da
zogadi kompetenciiT, romelic TavianTi enobrivi unarebis gasamdidreblad da
gasaviTareblad skolis gareT SeuZliaT gamoiyenon.
CEFR-i da ELP-i gvTavazoben mniSvnelovan meTodebs da axal per-
speqtivebs am sami amocanis sapasuxod safrangeTSi enis swavlebaSi. am wignis
mizania gviCvenos, Tu ra doneze SeuZlia am meTodebs, daexmaron Tanamedrove
enis swavlebas da daexmaros enis maswavleblebs TandaTan miaRwion maT gansa-
kuTrebul miznebs.
rasakvirvelia, unda warmovidginoT, rom maswavleblebs SeuZliaT gamoi-
yenon am meTodebis mTeli potenciali sxvadasxva etapis dacvis gareSe, romle-
bic SeiZleba iyvnen pirveladi mniSvnelobis (TviT)swavlebaSi. sakmaod advilia
aRvweroT moTxovnili pirveli etapi:
- saxelmZRvanelos gaanalizeba, raTa dadgindes SemoTavazebuli amo-
canebi da aqtivobebisa da dokumentebis sirTulis doneebi;
- enis aqtivobebis Sesrulebis organizeba sakomunikacio davalebis
farglebSi;
- Sefasebis ganxorcieleba CEFR-is doneebze dayrdnobiT;
- vaswavloT moswavleebs TviTSefaseba;
- gaecnon Tanamedrove enebis saxelmZRvaneloebis analizs, frangulis,
rogorc ucxo enis, CaTvliT.
evropul doneze am meTodebis swrafi warmatebis erT-erTi Sedegia axali
saWiroebebis warmoqmna, romlebzec evropis sabWom ukve daiwyo muSaoba: enis
gamocdebisa da serTifikatebis Sesabamisoba CEFR-is doneebTan da meTodebis
SemuSaveba, romlebic Sesabamisi iqneba mSobliuri, meore da saskolo enebisaT-
vis.
Tanamedrove enebis sagrZnobma ganviTarebam, wesisamebr, axali meTodebisa
da Teoriebis gamoCena gamoiwvia. sxvadasxva harmoniuli gavlena axla adas-
turebs sasargeblo efeqts Tanamedrove enebis swavlebis procesze. zogadad
politikuri da ganaTlebis politikaSi gadawyvetilebis mimRebebma misi sas-
wrafo saWiroeba daafiqsires, rom yvela moswavle evropaSi aRiWurvos Sesabam-
isi unarebiT enaTa swavlis sferoSi da Sefasdes axalgazrda evropelebis
120
realuri standartebi Tanamedrove enebSi. sxvaTa Soris, is aisaxa evrokavSiris
programaSi `ganaTleba da swavleba 2010~, romlis mizania, danergos sakomuni-
kacio kvalificiuroba mSobliuri enis garda sul mcire or enaSi. am saWiroe-
baze koleqtiuri moTxovnileba im momentSi wamoiWreba, roca evropis sabWo ev-
ropul saxelmwifoebs miawvdis zogadi enobrivi Sefasebis programasa da evro-
pul enobriv portfolios, romlis meSveobiTac es politikuri miznebi unda
gardaiqmnas konkretul sasargeblo qmedebebad.
cxadia, kompetenciis koncefcia gasaRebia am saWiroebebis Sesabamisi
pasuxebisa. davinaxeT, rom sadac kompetenciebi yuradRebis centrSia, iq ixsneba
axali perspeqtivebi evropul mobilurobasa da evropuli ganzomilebisTvis. ma-
galiTad, es SemTxveva iyo profesiul ganaTlebaSi, sadac Tanamedrove enebi
SeiZleba eyrdnobodes savaraudo kompetenciebis specifikacias. enis swavlebis
problema aris codnasa da unarebs Soris kavSiris damyareba (ar avurioT `kom-
petencia~, rogorc ganmartebulia CEFR-Si SezRuduli raodenobis situaciebSi
saTanadod reagirebis unarSi); mokled, sakomunikacio kompetencia davnergoT
moswavleebis sayovelTao kulturaSi.
rodesac vakvirdebiT, Tu ra siswrafiT ikavebs kompetenciebis es koncef-
cia mniSvnelovan adgils yvela sagnis gansazRvrebaSi rogorc erovnul, ise
evropul doneze, SeiZleba mizanSewonilad miviCnioT, rom is, rac axla
SesaZlebelia Tanamedrove enebis mimarT, is SesaZlebeli iqneba sxva disci-
plinebisTvisac. am TvalsazrisiT, azri imis Sesaxeb, rom enis maswavleblebi
SeiZleba gaxdnen skolebSi evropuli ganzomilebebis ganmaviTareblebi, albaT
zogadevropuli kompetenciebisa da evropuli enobrivi portfolios axali
mniSvnelobis dasawyisia.
121
ufrtufcUbo-!gpuptvsbUfcUbo!eb!jmvtusbdjfcUbo!eblbwTjsfcvmj!ebnpxnfcvmj!mjufsbuvsjt!tjb!
p.5: © F. Goullier - p.6: Ed. Didier, 2001 - p.7: Ed. Didier/CIEP/ENS, 2004 - p. 13 : Studio 60, A1, Ed. Didier, 2001- p. 16 : Studio 60, A1, Ed. Didier, 2001 - p. 22 : Nuevos Rumbos 2e annee, Ed. Didier, 2005/Dessin Marlene Pohl - p. 23 : Lili Marzipan, cycle 3 niveau 1, Ed. Didier, 2003/Dessins Bruno Conquet & Francois Davot ; (b) Studio 100, p. 49, Ed. Didier, 2001/Dessins Dom Jouenne p. 24 : (h) Westock Image State/Sunset/XL Tle, Ed. Didier, 2003 ; (m) Going Places 1re, Ed. Didier, 2004 ; (b) Tandem 2, p. 51, Ed. Didier, 2003/Dessin Marie Marthe Collin - p. 25 : (h) Andiamo… Avanti !, 3e annee, seconde LV2, p. 93/Hachette Livre, 2002 ; (m) Going Places 1re/Ed. Didier, 2003 ; (b) “The Salvation Army~ by Jean Francois Rafaelli, courtesy Christies images/The Bridgeman Art Library (Giraudon)/XL Tle, Ed. Didier, 2003 - p. 26 : (b) Tandem 2, p. 43, Ed. Didier, 2003/Dessins Deletraz - p. 27 : (h) : Tandem 2,p.23, Ed. Didier, 2003/Photographes : (hg) Jean-Philippe Duret, (bg) Gable/Jerrican, (hd) Gaillard/Jerrican, (bd) Olivier Martel/Hoa Qui ; (b) Tan-dem 1, p. 44, Ed. Didier, 2003 -p. 28 : (h) Andiamo… di nuovo !, p. 147/Hachette Livre, 2005 ; (b) Il matrimonio di Renzo et Lucia © MP/Leemage/Andiamo… avanti ! 4e annee, premiere LV2, p. 97/Hachette Livre, 2003 - p. 30 : Nuevos Rumbos 1re, Ed. Didier, 2004/Editions Albert Rene/Goscinny-Uderzo - pp. 31-33 : Aufwind 6e/Ed. Didier, 1999/Dessins Eric Heliot/Jean Francois Rousseau - p. 35 : Hallo Freunde 6e/Ed. Didier, 1981-pp. 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 58 : CECR/Ed. Didier, 2001 - p. 61 : Lili Marzipan, cycle 3 niveau 1, Ed. Didier, 2004/Dessins Bruno Conquet & Francois Davot - p. 62 : Aufwind 6e,Ed. Didier, 1999 - p. 63 : (m) Domino & Co, Ed. Didier, 2005/Dessins Bruno Conquet & David Bart ; (b) New Live 6e, Ed. Didier, 2000/Carte The European Newspaper, D. R - p. 65 : (h) New Live 3e,Ed. Didier, 2003 ; (b) XL Tle, Ed. Didier, 2003 - p. 66 : (h) Nuevos Rumbos Tle, Ed. Didier, 2005 ; (b) Alternative 1re, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 67 : Nuevos Rumbos Tle, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 68 : XL Tle, Ed. Didier, 2003 - pp. 69, 70 : Alternative 1re, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 72 : Ed. Didier, 2001- p. 75 : Inspection Academique du Bas-Rhin - p. 77 : PEL pour le college, Ed. Didier, 2003 - p. 78 : Nuevos Rumbos 1e annee, Ed. Didier, 2004/Dessins Valerie Gilbert & Philippe Sedletzki - p. 79 : (h) Zusammen LV2, Ed. Didier, 2005 ; (b) Alternative 1re, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 80 : Alternative 1re, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 82 : Nuevos Rumbos Tle, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 83: Nuevos Rumbos 1re, Ed. Didier, 2004/www.prismaarchivo.com - pp. 84-85 : CECR/Ed. Didier, 2004 - p.86: Tandem 1, p. 25, Ed. Didier, 2003/Photographes : Andre Edouard/Photononstop, Jean Philippe Duret - p. 87 : (h) Tandem 1,p.26, Ed. Didier, 2003/Dessin Je t’aime/Editions Alternative ; (b) Nuevos Rumbos 1e annee, Ed. Didier, 2004 -p. 88 : Going Places 1re, Ed. Didier, 2004 - p. 91 : Zusammen LV2 1e annee, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 92 : Nuevos Rumbos 1e annee, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 93 : (h) David Purdy/Sun Herald/Going Places 1re, Ed. Didier, 2004 ; (b) New Live 3e, Ed. Didier, 2003 - p. 94 : New Live 3, Ed. Didier, 2003/Photo Scala, Florence -p. 95 : Alternative 1re, Ed. Didier, 2005/Frank Schultze/Zeitenspiegel - p. 111 : Ed. Didier, 2004 -p.112 : (hg, mg) New Live 6e, Ed. Didier, 2000 ; (hd, md, bd, bg) Aufwind 6e, Ed. Didier, 1999/Dessins Eric Heliot & Jean Francois Rousseau - p. 113 : (h, mg) New Live 6e, Ed. Didier, 2000/Dessins : Gabs ; (md) Aufwind 6e, Ed. Didier, 1999 - p. 114 : Zusammen LV2 1re annee, Ed. Didier, 2005 - p. 115 : Ed. Didier, 2004 - p. 117 : Piruli cycle 3, niveau 1, Ed. Didier, 2003/Dessin Brigitte Halle -p. 119 : (h) Ed. Didier, 2003 ; (mb) Ed. Didier, 2001, 2004, 2006 - p. 120 : Ed. Didier, 2001, 2004 - p. 121 : Portfolio Europeen des langues 15 ans et + © CRDP Basse-Normandie/Ed. Didier 2006 -pp. 123-124 : Ed. Didier, 2004. Nous avons recherche en vain les editeurs ou les ayants droit de certains textes et illustrations re-produits dans ce livre. Leurs droits sont reserves aux Editions Didier.
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Cover design: Studio Favre et Lhaik Mise en page: Nord Compo “Illegal photocopying is the improper and collective use of photocopying without the permission of the authors and editors. It is widespread in schools and similar institutions and threatens the future of books by jeopardising their economic balance. It deprives authors of their just reward. Total or partial reproduction of this work is prohibited except for the copier’s private use.~ “The Act of 11 March 1957 authorising, pursuant to paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 41, on the one hand only copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the copier’s private use and not intended for collective use~ and, on the other hand, only analyses and short quotations intended for example or illustration. “Any representation or reproduc tion whether whole or in part carried out without the consent of the author or his/her successors or beneficiaries is unlawful~ (Paragraph 1 of Article 40). “Such representation or reproduction by whatever procedure would there fore constitute a coun-terfeit punishable under Articles 425 et seq of the Criminal Code.~
French edition: Les outils du Conseil de l’Europe en classe de langue, Cadre europeen commun et Portfolios © Les Editions Didier, Paris 2006 ISBN 2-278-06116-X English edition: © Les Editions Didier/Conseil de l’Europe, 2007
123
evropis sabWos wvlili Seaqvs evropuli sivrcis
enobrivi sferos formirebaSi 1960 wlidan.
evropis sabWos miTiTebebi - enaTa flobis
zogadevropuli kompetenciebi da evropuli eno-
brivi portfolio - qmnian tandems; bolos wina
nawili Seqmnilia maswavlebelTa da sxva pro-
fesionalebisTvis, meore ki principulad
gankuTvnilia moswavleebisa da sxva Semswav-
lelebisaTvis, miuxedavad maTi asakisa da swav-
lis Sinaarsisa.
rogor exmarebian es miTiTebebi pedagogiuri ma-
salebis, midgomebisa da miznebis enis swavlebis
ganaxlebis ganxorcielebas maTi aRwerebiTa da
analizis meSveobiT? ra oficialuri teqstebiT
xelmZRvaneloben isini? rogor arian `kompeten-
ciebi~ da `portfolio~ urTierTdamokidebulni?
rogorSeiZleba maTi praqtikuli gamoyeneba
klasSi da rogor daexmareba is moswavleebs
ufro metad avtonomiurebi gaxdnen swavlaSi?
es wigni pasuxobs am da sxva mraval kiTxvas, Tu
ras sTavazobs `programa~ da iZleva mraval ma-
galiTs, romelTa umravlesobac, praqtikuli
miznebis gamo, aRebulia am tomis gamomcemlebis
uaxlesi katalogebidan.
es wigni mTel evropaSi enis maswavleblebisTvis
saintereso iqneba, romlebic mis gverdebze ad-
vilad ipovnian maTi qveynis ganaTlebis sisteme-
bisaTvis Sesabamis magaliTebs.
124
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