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Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
Theo van Hintum Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Preparatory Action GR, Final Conference June 9th, 2016, Brussels
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
this presentation
● introduction
● ex situ conservation in the spectrum of methodologies
● ex situ conservation and its spectrum of actors
● elements of ex situ conservation
● assuring quality
● ex situ conservation standards
● quality management
● conclusions
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
genetic diversity needs to be conserved and made available
● ex situ in genebanks
● on-farm in ‘traditional’ farms or gardens
● in situ in nature reserves
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
awareness raising ++ +++ +
adaptation +++
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
spectrum of PGR conservation approaches
in situ on-farm ex situ
conservation of
common crops + +++
special crops + +
CWR +++ +
access to PGR material and data
+ +++
value chain development
+++
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
spectrum of ex situ PGR conservation actors
● high global interdependence
(Source: Khoury et al. 2015)
Calories in regional food supplies and
their origins
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
spectrum of ex situ PGR conservation actors
● high global interdependence
● world-wide network of genebanks
(Source: WIEWS 2009)
Genebanks with more than 1000 accessions (Source: WIEWS 2009)
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
spectrum of ex situ PGR conservation actors
● high global interdependence
● world-wide network of genebanks ● permafrost back-up facility at Svalbard
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
spectrum of ex situ PGR conservation actors
● high global interdependence
● world-wide network of genebanks ● permafrost back-up facility at Svalbard ● global information infra-structure
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
quality is an issue
● maintenance of germplasm is difficult and expensive
● access to data and material is often second priority
● continuity not always guaranteed
● often funding on project basis
● limited attractiveness to funding
once lost = lost for ever
collaboration depends on quality and continuity
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
types of ex situ conservation
● seed genebank
● seeds of orthodox seeded species
● dryers (15°C / 15%RH) and freezers (-18°C)
● field genebank
● plants or trees of clonally propagated crops
● fields or pots with plants or trees
● in vitro culture and cryopreservation genebank
● plantlets or meristems of clonally propagated crops
● tubes in slow-growth conditions or straws in
nitrogen tanks
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
elements ex situ conservation
● acquiring material
● deciding on collection composition
● collecting, buying, requesting
● managing physical material
● handling, storage, monitoring, regeneration, distribution
● managing information
● passport, phenotypic, logistic and x-omic data
● database, interfaces and website
● handling legal issues
● sMTA, NP, im- and export permits, phytosanitary statements
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
elements ex situ conservation
● standards exist
● FAO 2014
● used as a reference
● at times academic
not pragmatic
“Viability monitoring test intervals should be set at one-third
of the time predicted for viability to fall to 85 percent of
initial viability or lower depending on the species or specific
accessions, but no longer than 40 years.”
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
quality can be managed
● principles of quality management
● say what you do, do what you say, have someone check it
● additional elements
● stay critical, look for improvements
● formal quality management systems
● ISO 9001:2015
● external quality auditing services
● accredited commercial companies
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
quality can be managed
● CGN first genebank to be ISO9001 certified
● requirement ‘statutory research task’
● basis for collaboration
● covers all CGN activities
● detailed Quality Manual
● now also IPK and several CGIAR
genebanks have QMS
● others are interested
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
quality can be managed
● however: there is a cost to QMS
● increased administration
● reduced flexibility
● internal and external audits
● quality management will often have a low priority
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
conclusions
● conservation of PGR is a collaborative effort ● a range of methodologies is available ● ex situ is strong on the conservation and access side
● a global infrastructure for ex situ conservation exists
● ex situ methodology is well established and reliable ● standards exist
● quality and continuity of operations is vital for
effectiveness and efficiency ● quality can and should be managed ● collaboration, based on quality, will increase effectiveness
and efficiency
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
conclusions
● incentives are needed to stimulate collaboration (because it’s not happing otherwise)
coordination ➠ funds ➠ quality ➠ collaboration
Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands
Ex Situ Conservation of PGR
feel free to ask the rest !
There are two basic rules for giving a presentation:
1 – don’t tell everything
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Thank you for your attention !
Genetic resources are useful, pretty and tasteful
Genetic resources are the food on your plate
Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands (CGN)
Thank you for your attention !
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