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Exploiting Earth
A natural resource is a source of products that are inherent to earth
Natural resources include renewable and non-renewable resources
Natural resources are exploited to create the products and services that we depend on
Natural resource extraction causes great environmental disruption
Examples of Natural Resources are:
ForestsMinerals
WaterFossil
FuelsSoil
Fishing
Forests cover ___% of Canada There is a delicate balance between
using the forest resources and maintaining a healthy forest ecosystem
Commercial forests have trees that can be harvested for profits
Non-Commercial forests are farther north and are inaccessible or regenerate very slowly making them poor choices for areas of forestry
The largest forest region is the ________ Forest Region, it is comprised mainly of softwood which is ideal for pulp and paper production
Tree growth here is slow due to long winters and low ______________
The next forest region is the Taiga Forest Region, this region produces stunted trees and thus is not used for forestry in any great capacity
The West Coast Forest Region is the most productive forest region in Canada
Trees here grow larger than anywhere else in Canada due to ideal climate
The Montane Forest Region is second only to the West Coast region in production
It is slightly cooler and drier which decelerates tree growth
Use the blank map provided to sketch the forest regions of Canada. Keep for your notes.
Mixed Forest Region has a wide variety of tree types from deciduous ___________ to softwood ___________
The Mixed Forest region is where Canada gets all of the ______________ produced in Canada
The Mixed Forest Region has very little forest left as it has been removed to make way for settlement and agriculture
Trees are used to make paper, hockey sticks, flooring, ___________, _____________
Clear-cutting is used most frequently in logging operations
Clear-cutting involves cutting down all the trees in an area and leaving a barren landscape
Shelter wood logging is designed for old growth forests
Shelter wood logging is only clear-cutting older trees and leaving seed bearing trees behind so that they can replenish what was taken
Selective cutting consists of harvesting only mature trees of the desired type, size and quality
Selective cutting is typically used when harvesting hardwood trees
This method is the most _________because _________________________
The province that has the largest pulp and paper industry is _________, followed by Ontario and _______________
The province that has the largest lumber industry is British Columbia, followed by Quebec and ___________
Forests, commercial and otherwise, face threats from fire, pollution, erosion and acid rain
A mineral is a naturally occurring, pure, non-living substance found in the rocks of earth
Canada’s valuable minerals can be divided into 3 categories metallic minerals, fossil fuels and industrial minerals
Canada’s most valuable mineral resource are fossil fuels
Industrial minerals are neither metallic nor fossil fuels but rather are a varied combination of products extracted from the earth
Fossil fuels are any mineral that can be ________ to produce energy
Metallic metals are minerals that when _______ become what we know as metals
There are three types of mining, or extracting minerals from the earth’s crust
Strip mining is used when resources are close to the surface in horizontal layers
________ _____ mining is used to extract minerals that are close to the surface but may extend deep into the earth’s crust
Underground mining is used when resources are deep in the earth
Strip mining involves removing the ______ from the area to be mined
It may require __________ Materials are loaded onto trucks or
conveyor belts by shovels or draglines Typically strip mining is used to extract
oil ______ and coal
Open pit mining involves removing the forest cover and any extra earth
Holes are drilled 10-15 feet deep then explosives are used to blast the rock apart
Ore is loaded into trucks which may carry up to 250 tonnes
Ore needs to be processed before it can be used
Underground mining is the most involved mining activity
It involves digging a deep hole that is wide enough for an elevator so that workers can ride the elevator to the mineral source
____________ shafts are required to prevent gas and dust build up
Tunnels are then built off the main shaft and these tunnels lead to stopes, areas where digging and blasting takes place to get at the mineral resources in the rock
Fish used to be considered a renewable resource however over fishing and pollution are depleting the stocks to the point the industry has been _____ _______on more than one occasion
The coasts of Canada are the areas where fishing is mainly practiced
Freshwater fishing is far less valuable than saltwater fishing because __________________
___________________________________________
There are two classifications of saltwater fishing inshore and offshore fishing
Inshore fishing is fishing that takes place within 16 to 25 kms of shore
Inshore fishing is about 85% of the industry but has a tiny percentage of the overall catch
Inshore fishing is typically practiced by individuals and families
Offshore fishing is typically practiced by large ______________
The boats used are more than twice the length of inshore fishers and are equipped with state of the art fishing technology
Offshore fishing takes place anywhere on the _____________ ________, up 370 km offshore
Offshore fishing accounts for ___% of the fishing boats on the water but takes in 90% of the overall catch
The fishing industry is in _______ in Canada
There are 5 main factors that have contributed to this decline in fish population:
-overfishing-improved fishing ______________-uncontrolled foreign fishing-___________ fishing practices-changes in ___________ conditions
On the west coast the fishing industry is focused on shellfish and _________
The east coast is focused on _____ and shellfish
The east coast fisheries have been exploited for hundreds of years
The west coast salmon industry is now in a tug of war between commercial, Aboriginal and sport fishers
Water, specifically freshwater, is becoming a more and more valuable resource
Water is found above ground in the form of lakes and rivers and can also be found in the ground in the form of the water table and aquifers (_____________________________)
Groundwater is water that seeps through the soil, bedrock and collects in the water table or an aquifer
Drainage basins are areas of land whose surface runoff is drained by a single river
Rivers are often used to produce hydroelectricity
Daily water consumption in Canada is second in the world only to ______________
Canadians use on average 330L of water/_________
Water, especially groundwater from aquifers, is being used so quickly that it can not be replenished
Diverting water for the use of ______________ dams or flood protection disrupts the hydrological cycle
Increases in global temperatures and decreases in precipitation are adding the pressure put on the already tapped water resources
Soil may not seem like a resource but all life on earth depends on soil
Soil faces threats from erosion, over use and _____________
Soil contains nutrients and minerals that are necessary for all life on earth to continue
Soil consists of broken down rock, organic material and bacteria
The extraction of natural resources always damages the environment
There is no way of getting what we need from the environment that does not disrupt the natural balance
Most of the time little effort is put into environmental stewardship, or protection
The use of resources requires the implementation of machinery that pollutes
While natural resource extraction won’t stop it is important for us all to try and preserve the resources we do have and reduce the impact we make on the environment
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