Façade Engineering Environmentally Sustainable Design

Façade EngineeringEnvironmentally Sustainable Design

Structurally sound Fire-safe Does not leak Comfortable Controlled Ventilation

MEETS BUILDING CODES AND THE MINIMUM STANDARD OF CARE

Source : Rockwool International website

Source : Architecture 2030

DEFINITION OF A GREEN BUILDING

A building that meets codes and saves ENERGY

USE LESS GLASS !

Concept glass cube house to showcase furniture with extra clear glass by Santambrogiomilano

The biggest cost items in high-rise office buildings are typically SUPERSTRUCTURE,

FACADES and MEP SERVICES

LIMIT THE GLAZING AREA TO 30 – 35%

USE HIGH PERFORMANCE GLASS

PROVIDE CORRECT VENTILATIONadopt ASHRAE Standard 62

PROPER COMMISSIONING

The Impact ofFAÇADE

Son

Energy Efficiency

of Buildings

U.S. Energy Consumption by Sector. A reorganization of existing data - combining the energy required to run residential, commercial, and industrial buildings along with the embodied energy of industry-produced materials like carpet, tile, and hardware - exposes architecture as the hidden polluter

Source : Architecture 2030

architecture is the hidden polluter

What shall we do?

DESIGN STRATEGIES

TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS

OFF-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY

Source : UK Energy Efficiency Best Practice Program Energy Consumption Guide 19: Energy Use in Offices

ENERGY USE IN OFFICES

Air conditioning load is due to lighting, equipment, people and

heat gained through the facade

How efficient is your façade?

OTTVOverall Thermal Transfer

Value

WATTS PER M2

HEAT W =OTTV x skin area

W / m2 x

m2

externalenvironment

OTTV x (1-WWR) x Uw + x WWR x Uf + x x

WWR x CFTdeq SCSFDT

DIFFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENTTEMPERATURE DIFFERENCESOLAR FACTORSOLAR CORRECTION FACTORSHADING COEFFICIENT

α (1 −WWR)Uw + (WWR)Uf + ( x CF x WWR x SC)

15 6 194

OTTV Simplified Formula

Qgcglass

conduction

Qwcwall

conduction

Qgsglasssolar

α (1 −WWR)Uw + (WWR)Uf + ( x CF x WWR x SC)

15 6 194

WALL HEATWINDOW HEATSOLAR THROUGH GLASS

OTTV

Qgcglass

conduction

Qwcwall

conduction

Qgsglasssolar

5%

10% - 20%80%

15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x )

OTTVSimplified Formulaα Uw

UfSCCF

BLACK 0.9 – 1.0WHITE 0.15 – 0.3SILVER / ALUMINIUM

0.1

SOLAR ABSORPTION FACTORU VALUE

15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x )

OTTVα Uw

UfSCCF

SOLAR CORRECTION FACTOR

Orientation of Buildings

15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x )

OTTVα Uw

UfSCCF

SHADING COEFFICIENT

The lower the SC, the darker the

interior

The higher the VLT, the lighter the interior,

but beware of GLARE

SHADINGCOEFFICIENTSC

SC = SC1 x SC2

15 (1 − ) + 6( ) + (194 x x x )

OTTVα Uw

UfSCCF

Window Wall Ratio WWR WWR WWR

The Window Wall Ratio

Window WallRatio

WWR - Window / Wall Ratio (%)11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

OTTV 36 39 44 47 51 55 59 63 67 71

Sound insulation does not work when the air gap is small, say 6 mm

Increase air gap = 20 - 100 mm

DGUdouble glazed unit

Low-Emissivity Glass

Type of Glass R ValueSingle Pane regular glass 0.85Clear Insulated Glass 7/8 inch overall thickness 2.08Hard Coat Low-E insulated glass 2.45Hard Coat Low-E insulated glass with argon 2.75Soft Coat Low-E insulated Glass 3.50Soft Coat Low-E insulated glass with argon 4.35

Soft Coat Low-E glass

Silver, zinc, or tin are sputtered onto the surface of the glass where they stick. Coating is not strong and easily scratched

Hard Coat Low-E glass

Molten tin is heat welded to the glass. Coating is very strong and difficult to scratch or remove

RNC

NRNC

RNC EE CRITERIA PointsEE1 : Minimum EE PerformanceEE2 : Renewable EnergyEE3 : Advanced EE Performance based on OTTV + RTTVEE4 : Home Office + ConnectivityEE5 : Sustainable Maintenance

3510

23

RNC

EE1 : MINIMUM EEPERFORMANCE

INTENT Establishing minimum EE performance to reduce energy consumption in buildings, thus reducing carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere.REQUIREMENT PointsMeet MS 1525:2007 specifications: OTTV ≤ 50 W/m2

RTTV ≤ 25 W/m2

ANDRoof U values≤ 0.4 W/m2K for lightweight roofs≤ 0.6 W/m2K for heavyweight roofs

3

ROOF WEIGHT GROUPlightweight roof = < 50 kg/m2

heavyweight roof = > 50 kg/m2

RNC

EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE

Window / Wall Ratio (%)11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

OTTV 36 39 44 47 51 55 59 63 67 71

Glass Shading Coefficient0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95

OTTV 37 42 48 53 55 58 60 63 66 68

Existing Design - Assumptions

WWR = 25 %Glazing SC = 0.85Glazing U-Value = 5.7 W/m2 KWall U-Value = 3.2 W/m2 KOTTV = 63 W/m2

Target OTTV ≤ 50 W/m2

RNC

EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCEROOF U VALUE CALCULATIONS

123

4,5

6

123

4

Target Roof U Value

≤ 0.6 W/m2K

RNC

EE3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCEINTENTEnhance building to provide thermally comfortable environment to reduce the use of air-conditioningREQUIREMENT Points OTTV ≤ 46 W/m2, Roof U values ≤ 0.35 W/m2K (lightwt), ≤ 0.5 W/m2K

(heavywt) OTTV ≤ 44 W/m2, Roof U values ≤ 0.30 W/m2K (lightwt), ≤ 0.4 W/m2K

(heavywt) OTTV ≤ 42 W/m2, Roof U values ≤ 0.25 W/m2K (lightwt), ≤ 0.3 W/m2K

(heavywt) OTTV ≤ 40 W/m2, Roof U values ≤ 0.20 W/m2K (lightwt), ≤ 0.2 W/m2K

(heavywt) OTTV ≤ 38 W/m2, Roof U values ≤ 0.15 W/m2K (lightwt), ≤ 0.15 W/m2K

(heavywt)

2

4

6

8

10

RNC

EE3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE

Window / Wall Ratio (%)11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

OTTV 36 39 44 47 51 55 59 63 67 71

Glass Shading Coefficient0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95

OTTV 37 42 48 53 55 58 60 63 66 68

Design to MS 1525:2007

WWR = 25 %Glazing SC = 0.60Glazing U-Value = 5.7 W/m2 KWall U-Value = 3.2 W/m2 KOTTV = 50 W/m2

Target OTTV ≤ 46 W/m2 - 2

points ≤ 44 W/m2 - 4

points ≤ 42 W/m2 - 6

points ≤ 40 W/m2 - 8

points ≤ 38 W/m2 - 10

points

RNC

EE3 : ADVANCED EEPERFORMANCE

ROOF U VALUE CALCULATIONS

+2 point

s

+6point

s

+10 point

s

+4 point

s

+8 point

s

NRNC

NRNC EE CRITERA PointsDESIGN EE1 : Minimum EE PerformanceEE2 : Lighting ZoningEE3 : Electrical Sub-MeteringEE4 : Renewable EnergyEE5 : Advanced EE Performance

1 3 1 515

COMMISSIONINGEE6 : Enhanced CommissioningEE7 : Post Occupancy Commissioning

32

VERIFICATION & MAINTENANCEEE8 : EE VerificationEE9 : Sustainable Maintenance

23

NRNC

EE1 : MINIMUM EEPERFORMANCE

INTENT Establishing minimum EE performance to reduce energy consumption in buildings, thus reducing carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere.REQUIREMENT Points Meet MS 1525:2007

specifications : OTTV ≤ 50 W/m2

RTTV ≤ 25 W/m2

AND Provision of EMS where

air-conditioned space ≥ 4,000m2

1

NRNC

EE5 : ADVANCED EEPERFORMANCE

INTENTExceed EE performance and achieve Building Energy Intensity ≤150 kWh/m2 yrREQUIREMENT Points Achieve BEI ≤ 150

kWh/m2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 140

kWh/m2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 130

kWh/m2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 120

kWh/m2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 110

kWh/m2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 100

kWh/m2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 90 kWh/m2

yr

Values above are for Office buildings only

2358101215

NRNC

EE5 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE

BEI of office buildings in

Malaysia

Source : PTM

What's on the Horizon?

Source : Reliant Energy Retail Holdings LLC

Using refractive and reflective optics allows direct daylight to be distributed deeper into a building's core.

THANK YOU

Fenestra Malaysia Sdn Bhd

J-5-12 Solaris Mont Kiara2 Jalan Solaris

50480 Kuala Lumpur

T +603 6205 1288F +603 6205 1289E info@fenestra.com.my