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OCAD Stats
There are a total of 88 toilets, 30 urinals
The brand and style of the faucets vary
and 86 bathroom sinks at OCADU
between metered valve, and spigot or
gooseneck types.
The toilets are the typical type used in large commercial buildings, called flush-o-meter, 1.6 gpf.
Urinals also vary between 19 flushing and 11 waterless.
Typical maintenance problems• Replacement of
diaphragms in the toilets and urinals
• Frequent replacement of the washers on the hot and cold water valves
Washroom water facts
A running faucet wastes 2.5 gallons of water each minute
A leaky faucet dripping one drop per second wastes 6.6 gallons of water per day
Toilets and urinals account for nearly one third of building water consumption
Water Usage
The average person runs a faucet between 5 and 30 seconds, using .44 to 1 gallon of water each time
Older toilets use between 4-7 gpf, with today’s average being 3.5 gpf, and new efficient standards being 1.6 gpf
Flushing urinals used to average between 3.5-5 gpf, today use an average of 1 gpf, with new low flow models using 1 pint
Water Use Activity Chart
Conventional Low-Flow Ultra Low-Flow
5.0 3.5 1.6
Conventional Low-Flow
3.0 2.5
Toilet -Gallons per Use
Faucet-Gallons per Use
Toilet 18 flushes @ 5 gal/flush
=90 gal
Sink 6 minutes @ 3 gal/min
=18 gal
Faucet Solutions
Energy efficient faucets use a new a new aerator design to optimize water flow, making a 1.5 gpm faucet feel the same as a 2.2gmp-this saves an average of 30% on water usage-expensive
Self sustaining hands-free faucets are powered by water flow, creating an electrical current that is stored in the rechargeable cells that power the faucet-batteries last 5-10yrs-they feature a low flow 10 second cycle that uses .09 gp cycle, which is 64% below the average-expensive, difficult to install
Separate aerators help alleviate water consumption by mixing water with air so that pressure remains while flow is reduced- they come in a variety of sizes and formats that can be fit to any faucet, and cost around $1.00 on average when bought in bulk
Toilet Solutions
Flush-o-meter toilets and urinals can be retrofit with low consumption valve replacement kits that would make them 1.6/1 gpf respectively
Flush-o-meter toilet valve fixtures can be retrofit with a replacement handle, which reduces the flushing volume by 50-70%
Install piston valves that will help prevent leaking water
Which is replacement priority?
300 male workers
10 male toilets, 15 urinals
Male flush-260 x 300 men x .5 flushes per day -39 000 flushes per year, which means 3900 per male per toilet flush per year
Male urinals at 2.5 urinal flushes per day, 195 000 flushes per year, which means 13 000 flushes per
year per urinal
200 female workers
25 female toilets
Females flush-3 x flushes per day, 156 000 flushes per year, which means 6,240 flushes per year, per female toilet
Toilet solutions, costs and breakdown
Sloan Regal 186 XL Exposed Urinal Flushometer valve replacement kit$115.89 converts to 1.5 gpf
Uppercut Manual Dual-Flush FlushometerReduces flush between 1.6 and 1.1 gpfRange between $206.50-224.60
Faucet options breakdown
Standard faucet aerators are rated at 2.2 gallons per minute. Flow rate reduction will be-1.5 gpm = up to 32%1.0 gpm = up to 54%0.5 gpm = up to 77%0.53 gpm = up to 84%
0.5 gpm Dual thread Faucet Aerator non PCA-produces a spray flow-China- #n3205-11-5 6 – 59 more than 60$2.10 $1.94 $1.80
Delta Lavatory Low-Flow faucet Model #701HD one handle metering flow rate Of 0.5 gpm from US, ships for free- $119.04 per
Conclusion
To properly consider water conservation in OCAD washrooms, a thorough usage study should be conducted first
As even the best valve retrofit for the toilets will only save a few gallons per flush, priority might best be placed on replacing the remaining 19 flushing urinals first
The obvious and best solution is to install low cost, highly efficient aerators on the washroom faucets
BilbliographyDoh.wa.gov-indoor water auditNeoperl.com-flow regulation systems/aeratorsNiagaraconservation.com-many energy saving productsThesexygreenhome.com-American stats and rundownsTapmaster.ca-foot controlled faucet componentsEc.gc.ca/eau-water-enviro. Canada site-consumer’s guideCwwa.ca-Canadian water and wastewater associationBenefits-of-recycling.com-general site1.eere.energy.gov-good American site for institutional solutionsEpa.gov-best practices for greening-AmericanAfedonline.org-water efficiency manualFacilitiesnet.com-article about washrooms, statsAllianceforwaterefficiency.org-govt. buildings introMwra.state.ma.us-Massachusetts water resources authority Fypower.org-flex your power, commercial product guidesConservewater.utah-consumer reports ratingsDualflushkit.comTlc.howstuffworks.com-retrofitting older toilets to save water
Green, Deborah. Water Conservation for Small and Medium Sized Utilities. American Water Works Association, 2009, USA. P.74.
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