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Palaiseau - FRANCE. Feasability of protontherapy with lasers plasma accelerators : the SAPHIR project. Victor Malka victor.malka@ensta.fr. COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009). UMR 7639. http://loa.ensta.fr/. In collaboration with :. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1
Feasability of protontherapy with lasers plasma accelerators : the SAPHIR project
Victor Malka
victor.malka@ensta.fr
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
http://loa.ensta.fr/ UMR 7639
Palaiseau - FRANCE
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E. Lefebvre, R. Nuter, M. Carrie CEA/DAM Ile-de-France, France
A. Flacco, F. Sylla, A. Guemnie-TafoLaboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91761 Palaiseau, France
In collaboration with :
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
http://loa.ensta.fr/ UMR 7639
Thanks to Prof. A. Smith, S. Bulanov, C. Ma, H. Daido
3COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
http://loa.ensta.fr/ UMR 7639
Summary
Part 1 : Short review of laser produced proton beam
Part 2 : On the use of proton beam for oncology Part 3 : The SAPHIR project
Part 4 :Conclusion and perspectives
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Protons acceleration with lasers :Static electric fields
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
http://loa.ensta.fr/ UMR 7639
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Protons are accelerated from both side :
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Courtesy of E. D’Humières
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Experimental results : Maxwellian spectra
Robson et al., Nature Physics 3 (2007)V. Malka et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 15 (2003), Med. Phys. 31, 6 (2004)
106
107
108
109
1010
0 2 4 6 8 10Protons energy (MeV)
Pro
ton
nu
mb
er
(/M
eV
)
10 Hz laser at LOA
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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M. Borghesi :20 MeV, 1020 W/cm2, 50 fs laser, D. Neely QM?
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Experimental results :quasi mono energetic spectra
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2 Simulation Experiment
pro
ton
co
un
ts [
a.u
.]
proton energy [MeV]
Schwoerer, H. et al., Nature, 439 (2006)
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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3D Simulations : quasi mono energetic Spectra @ 170 MeW with PW laser
Schwoerer, H. et al., Nature, 439 (2006)
code
0.5m
0.03m
Gold
protons
5m10m
TARGET
pe / = 3
pe / = 0.53
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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3D Simulations: Radiation PressureDominated regime with Linear Polarization
I=1023W/cm2, Target thickness = 1m, Ne=5 1022cm-3
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Esirkepov, Bulanov, PRL 04
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2 D Simulations* : Radiation PressureDominated regime with Circular Polarization
Macchi A et al 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 165003 Robinson A P L et al 2008 New J. Phys. 10 013021 *Klimo O et al 2008 Phys. Rev. ST-AB 11 031301COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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I=3x1020W/cm2, Ne=1.5 1022cm-3
Target thickness = 0.2 mS. Pukhov : 3DResults are not so good
11COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
http://loa.ensta.fr/ UMR 7639
Summary
Part 1 : Short review of laser produced proton beam
Part 2 : On the use of proton beam for oncology Part 3 : The SAPHIR project
Part 4 :Conclusion and perspectives
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Causes of Local Cancer Failure
The primary cause for local failure is our inability to deliver a letal dose of radiation to the tumour cells.The reasons for this include :
-We cannot determine the exact location and extend tumor cells and their route to spread-Inadequate treatment.-Proximity of dose limiting normal tissues and organs(brains stem, optics, lung, gut, etc.)-Less that optimum dose distribution of the radiation beam used for treatment.
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Comparison of the dose distribution
100
0 5 10 15Depth in water [cm]
Rela
tive d
ose [
%]
ray
x ray
neutron
proton
carbon iontumor
80
60
40
20
0
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Protons provide superior dose distributions
Protons Stop
Photons don’t stop
The « optimum » dose distribution delivers100% dose to the tumour target and not to critical normal tissues.
Proton beams deliver dose distribution that are more optimum than those from photon beams
This should result in improved clinical outcomes when proton beams are used.
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Protons provide superior dose distributions
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Protontherapy Facilities in the World
26 facilities worldwide treating patients
• 6 in Japan (4 hospital-based) : Chiban, NCC East-Kashiva, HIBMC-Hyogo, PMRC-Tsukuba, WERC-Wakasa, Shizuoka,Cancer Center
• 6 in the United States (4 hospital-based) : LLUMC, MGH, MDACC, Univ. of Florida, Univ. of Indiana, UC Davis
• 10 in Europe/Russia
• 4 additional facilites (UK, China, Korea, South Africa)
• > 55,000 patients have been treated with proton beams
• 22 additional Institutions worldwide are developing new facilities
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Protontherapy Facilities in the World
TREATING : PROTONS 26, CARBON IONS 3COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Protontherapy center : large & expensive & performant
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Accelerators used in protonthrapy
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Accelerators specifications protontherapy
• Diameter : 3,4 m• Weigth 60 tons• « self » radioprotection • Courant max : 500 nA (3. 1012
p.s-1)• Output Energiy : 250 MeV• Extraction efficiency : 80 % • Emittance : few p-mm.mrad• 95 % reliability (garanty by the
compagny) • 6 compagnies in the world
• Cost ~10 M€
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Accelerators specifications protonthrapy
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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22COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Summary
Part 1 : Short review of laser produced proton beam
Part 2 : On the use of proton beam for oncology Part 3 : The SAPHIR project
Part 4 :Conclusion and perspectives
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Tumor Site
Head/NeckGastrointestinalGynecologicGenitourinaryLungBreastLymphomaSkin, Bone, Soft TissueBrain
Deaths/year
22,000135,000
28,00055,000
160,00041,00020,00015,00012,000
Deaths due to local failure of treatment
13,200 (60%)54,000 (40%)14,000 (50%)27,500 (50%)40,000 (25%)
4,920 (12%)2,400 (12%)5,000 (33%)
10,800 (90%)
Total 488,000 171,820 (35%)
350,000 new cancer patients per year in the US
Need for improvement in cancer treatment
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Indications for protontherapy in France• Very selective prescription because of the cost and of the weight of the
infrastrucutre. Determined by the need of having an high balistic precision.
• recent publication: protontherapy should be beneficial for 15% of patients wich requires
radiotherapy treatment (i.e. 27.000 patients per year in France)
• Capacity of protontherapy in France : 600 patients per year (800 en 2011).
Medical impact Tumour localisationNb of patient per yearTotalEyes tumours 400 / 450
Neuro-oncology and Rachis 2.000 / 2.500
Childs and adolescent 300 / 500
Sarcomes retro-peritony 80 / 100
ORL 500 / 1.000
Lungs (poumons) 3.000 / 4.000
other cancers 1.000 / 1.500
Some prostate cancers 2.500 / 3.000
Re-irradiations 500 / 1.000
10.300 / 14.050
Potential prescriptions
3.000 / 4.000
Estimation of the number of patients to be treated per year in France
Major prescriptions
2.800 / 3.550other possible prescriptions
4.500 / 6.500
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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The raisons of a non satisfied medical need
2 2
6
10
2
21
7
1960-1970 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2010
protons
ions carbone
5 centres protons et2 centres carbone(en projet : 1 centre protons)
7 centres protons (dont 1 au Canada)( en projet : 2 centres protons)
1 centre protons
1 centre protons( en projet : 1 centre protons)
en projet : 1 centre protons
12 centres protons et 1 centre carbone( en projet : 5 centres protons, 1 centre carbone et 4 centres associant protons et carbone)
5 centres protons et2 centres carbone(en projet : 1 centre protons)
7 centres protons (dont 1 au Canada)( en projet : 2 centres protons)
1 centre protons
1 centre protons( en projet : 1 centre protons)
en projet : 1 centre protons
12 centres protons et 1 centre carbone( en projet : 5 centres protons, 1 centre carbone et 4 centres associant protons et carbone)
Market in progress but still limited by the cost and the size of the installation Estimation of the needed protontherapy center in the world (based on the hypothesis that 15% of patients are treated by proton beam) :
In Europe : 300 In USA : 150
-2 protontherapy center in France (Orsay et Nice)
-30 centres in « modern » countries
-Limitation due :–Cost of the installation : 80 à 140 M€–Size of the installation : 1000 to 2000 m²
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Economic Challenges
Reduce the cost Reduce the infrastructure size Reduce the radioprotection cost
&size Optimize the energy distribution
Scientific Challenges for an alternative technique
Energy max (150-200 MeV ) Modulate and control the energy
spectrum Stable and repoducible Compact
Goal of the project :
To develop a demonstrator (pre prototype)Machine cost less than 10-20 M€Total size : <1000 m²
The SAPHIR/PROPULSE Project
Project Partners:
G. RIBOULET, Amplitude Tech., PDGH. KAFROUNI, Dosisoft, PDGP. BOVAL, Propulse SAS, PDGY. DEMAY, ENSTA, DirecteurP. BEY, Inst. Curie, Dir. de l’Hôpital CurieG. LENOIR, IGR, Dir. de la RechercheD. NORMAND, CEA, Dir. SPAM-IRAMISR. FERRAND, CPO-Curie, Resp. Tech.
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Phase 1 : 6MEPhase 2 : 14 MEPhase 3 : Prototype
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70 m
Potential advantages of laser plasmaaccelerators
X Cyclotron or synchrotron (activation) 100 to 400 tons, power> 500 kW
Laser chain, weight : 1 tonPower : 10 kWCost : 10 ME
Radioprotection is strongly reduced
Wall thicknesses of 3 m Proton beam transport + radioprotection
Adjustable beam parameters
Gantry :10m, >120 tons, 10 MEurosBeam delivering at the end
Laser beam transportNo need of radioprotection
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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PRESENT-DAY SYSTEMPRESENT-DAY SYSTEMSUGGESTIONSUGGESTION
General scheme of the GANTRY:1. bending magnets;2. quadrupole lenses;3. couch (positioner);4. dose delivery and monitoring system;5. procedure room;6. concrete shielding.Magneto-optic system must be preciselymanufactured and capable of beingrotated as a whole (~100 tons ! ).
General scheme of the GANTRY:1. bending magnets;2. quadrupole lenses;3. couch (positioner);4. dose delivery and monitoring system;5. procedure room;6. concrete shielding.Magneto-optic system must be preciselymanufactured and capable of beingrotated as a whole (~100 tons ! ).
GANTRY IS NOT REQUIREDGANTRY IS NOT REQUIRED
Протонный ускорительПротонный ускоритель
S. Bulanov,V.Khoroshkov, PPHR 5/2002S. Bulanov,V.Khoroshkov, PPHR 5/2002
DOUBLE-LAYER TARGETDOUBLE-LAYER TARGET
Russia: courtesy of Prof. S. Bulanov
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Development of Laser-Accelerated Proton Accelerators for Cancer Therapy USA
Courtesy of Prof C-M Ma, Department of Radiation Oncology, Philadelphia, USA
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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30COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Summary
Part 1 : Short review of laser produced proton beam
Part 2 : On the use of proton beam for oncology
Part 3 : The SAPHIR project
Part 4 :Conclusion and perspectives
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The concurrent : Dielectric Wall Accelerators
An electric field propagates down the bore of the accelerator pushing the proton « packet » in front of it
250 MeV protons in 2 metersThe goal is to have a full scale prototype operational in 4-5 years
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Dielectric Wall Accelerators : artistic view
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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ApplicationTotal systems (2007) approx.
System sold/yr
Sales/yr ($M)
System price ($M)
Cancer Therapy 9100 500 1800 2.0 - 5.0
Ion Implantation 9500 500 1400 1.5 - 2.5
Electron cutting and welding 4500 100 150 0.5 - 2.5
Electron beam and X-ray irradiators 2000 75 130 0.2 - 8.0
Radioisotope production (incl. PET) 550 50 70 1.0 - 30
Non-destructive testing (incl. security) 650 100 70 0.3 - 2.0
Ion beam analysis (incl. AMS) 200 25 30 0.4 - 1.5
Neutron generators (incl. sealed tubes) 1000 50 30 0.1 - 3.0
Total 27500 1400 3680
Industrial markert for accelerators: Total accelerators sales increase more than 10%/year
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Laser based protontherapy projectsaround the world
• Projet Fox Chase Center (USA)
• LIBRA (UK consortium)
• Dresden (Germany) : OnCOOPtics
• MPQ (Germany)
• JAERI (Japon): « Medical laser Valley »: PMRC
• Russia
• Italy (Bologna, Prof. G. Turchetti)
• Etc…?
COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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Conclusions
• Proton beam are produced by plasma accelerators :• Stability has been improved by improving the laser contrast
• They produce quasi monoenergetic beam
• Peak energy still moderated (no evolution in 6 years) : 12MeV with 10 Hz laser, 70 MeV with PW large scale laser
• Number of proton per second can be a problem ?
• Target fabrication and alignement at high repetition rate ?
• Biological response with high current dose?
V. Malka et al., Nature Physics 2008COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009)
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• Proton beam are produced by plasma accelerators :• Stability has been improved by improving the laser contrast
• They produce quasi monoenergetic beam
• Peak energy still moderated (no evolution in 6 years) : 12MeV with 10 Hz laser, 70 MeV with PW large scale laser : 20 MeV with 50fs
• Number of proton per second can be a problem ?
• Target fabrication and alignement at high repetition rate ? In progress (LIBRA)
• Biological response with high current dose?
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