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სალათის წარმოების
აგროტქნოლოგია
USAID/REAP პროექტმა, პარტნიორ უნივერსიტეტებთან და თხილის მწარმოებელთა ასოციაციასთან ერთად შეიმუშავა აგროტექნოლოგიური რუკების სერია, რომელიც მოიცავს საქართველოს სხვადასხვა რეგიონში გავრცელებულ და/ან წარმოების
პოტენციალის მქონე 51 სასოფლო-სამეურნეო კულტურას. მასალას არა აქვს იურიდიული ძალა და გამოქვეყნებულია არაკომერციული მიზნით. ავტორების მოსაზრებები შესაძლოა არ ასახავდეს აშშ საერთაშორისო განვითარების სააგენტოს, ან აშშ მთავრობის
მოსაზრებებს.
salaTis warmoebis agroteqnologia
kulturis zogadi daxasiaTeba
laTinuri dasaxeleba Varietes secalina Alef.
botanikuri ojaxi rTulyvavilovanTa sicocxlis xangrZlivoba erTwliani ganviTarebis optimaluri temperatura 15-200С haeris optimaluri tenianoba 70-80% niadagis optimaluri tenianoba 60-70%
niadagis ares optimaluri reaqcia pH 6,5-7,0
gavrcelebis areali zRvis donidan 250 - 1700 მ. ზღვის დონიდან saWiro aqtiur temperaტuraTa jami 27800С kritikuli temperaturuli minimumi -60С-dan -80С-mde
kritikuli temperaturuli maqsimumi 200С –ze meti sasurveli winamorbedi kulturebi baRCeuli da parkosani kulturebi,
kombosto, xaxvi, Zirxvenebi, simindi. arasasurveli winamorbedi kulturebi salaTa, tarxuna, artiSoki
kulturis botanikuri da agrobiologiuri daxasiaTeba
salaTa erTwliani kulturaa, ekuTvnis rTulyvavilovanTa ojaxs. misi fesvi mTavarRerZaa, uxvad ganviTarebuli gverdiTi fesvebiT. foTlebi msxvilia, mjdomare, sxvadasxva formis. qveda foTlebi Sekrebilia fesvTan rozetSi, zogierTi jiSis salaTs uviTardeba Tavebi. foTlebis Seferva jiSebis mixedviT sxvadasxvaa, gvxvdeba muqi-mwvane, Ria-mwvane, moiisfro da a.S. sicocxlis pirvel wels mcenare iviTarebs sayvavile Reros, romelic simaRliT 60-dan 120-sm – mdea. sayvavile Rero zeda nawilSi Zlierad itoteba da yvaviledebis did raodenobas iviTarebs. yvaviledi pataraa, 2-3 sm diametris. yovel yvaviledSi aris 10-dan 24-mde yviTeli an moyviTalo-mwvane Sefervis orsqesiani yvavili, romelsac aqvs milad SeWrili 5 mtvriana, orfTiani dingi da erTbudiani naskvi. Tesli brtyelia, gagrZelebuli. momwifebisas zemoTa boloze aqvs safreni qoCori. Tesli vercxlisferi-TeTri, yviTeli an moyavisfro-Savia. damokidebuleba agroklimaturi faqtorebisadmi. salaTi yinvagamZle mcenarea – Rivis fazaSi dauzianeblad itans temperaturis -4⁰C-mde dacemas. mozrdili mcenareebis yinvagamZleoba gacilebiT metia. magaliTad, salaTs SeuZlia ganagrZos zrda +5⁰C – is pirobebSi, xolo +10⁰C-is pirobebSi mas SeuZlia ganviTardes sasursaTe gamoyenebis fazamde. Tesli gaRivebas iwyebs 2-3⁰C temperaturis pirobebSi. miuxedavad salaTis yinvagamZleobisa, misi ganviTarebisaTvis optimaluri temperatura aris 15-20⁰C. sinaTlisadmi salaTi sakmaod momTxovn mcenared iTvleba da misi ukmarobisas salaTis Taviani jiSebi ar iviTareben Tavebs da mcirdeba mcenaris mosavlianoba. salaTi grZeli dRis mcenarea da zafxulis grZeli dRis pirobebSi sinaTlis stadiis gavlis Semdeg, swrafad iviTarebs Reros. mokle dRis pirobebSi ki salaTi gaZlierebiT izrdis vegetatiur nawilebs da didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ar gamodis rozetis mdgomareobidan. tenianobisadmi salaTi zomieri moTxovnilebiT xasiaTdeba da misi ukmarobis SemTxvevaSi mosavlis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi klebulobs. aseT pirobebSi mcenare
iviTarebs ramdenime patara foTols da swrafad gamoaqvs Rero. maRali tenianobis (haeris da niadagis) SemTxvevaSi, an datborvisas, SesaZloa daiwyos foTlebis lpoba. qimiuri Semadgenloba. salaTa Seicavs: vitaminebs A, B1, B2, C PP, K kaliumis, magniumis, natriumis mineralur marilebs, vaSlis, qarvis, mJaunis, limonis organul mJaveebs da adamianisaTvis aucilebel fiziologiurad aqtiur nivTierebebs. salaTis axalgazrda foTlebi yvavilobamde Seicavs 94,3% wyals, 1,4% azotovan nivTierebebs, 2,2% naxSirwylebs, maT Soris 0,7% ujrediss da 1,0% nacars. nacrovani elementebidan salaTi Seicavs rkinas, daaxloebiT 0,55%-s da fosformJavas, daaxloebiT 0,13%-s.
salaTis gavrcelebuli jiSebi da hibridebi
salaTi Seicavs jiSebs mTliani da gankveTili foTlebiT, romlebic Sekrebilni arian rozetSi da Tavs arasodes ixveven. saqarTveloSi am saxesxvaobaSi Semavali jiSebidan gvxvdeba rogorc mTlianfoTliani, ise gankveTilfoTliani jiSebic, romelTa foTlebic xuWuWaa. foTlovani salaTis savegetacio periodi teqnikuri simwifis dawyebamde 30–40 dRea (sakvalsaTbure kulturaSi 20 dRe). yvavilobis dros mcenare 60–70 sm simaRlemde aRwevs.
sakrefi salaTi Var. acephala Alef. - iviTarebs Reros simaRliT 40-80 sm. Rero dafarulia didi nazi foTlebiT, romelsac TandaTanobiT krefen maTi zrdis mixedviT am saxesxvaobas miekuTvneba jiSebi: avstraliuri da kaliforniis.
Taviani salaTi Var. capitata L. - Taviani salaTi Seicavs jiSebs, romelTa foTlebi rozetSi sustad wamoweulia da formiT ovaluri, momrgvalo an Tirkmlisebri. foTlebi mTavari nervidan Sua mxrisaken Semoxrilia, napirebi mTliani an dakbiluli aqvs. Taviani salaTis jiSebi momrgvalo tipis Tavs iviTarebs. Tavi zogs fuye agebulebisa aqvs, zogs ki mkvrivi. Taviani salaTis savegetacio periodi daTesvidan teqnikur simwifemde 55-96 dRea.
salaTi romeni Var. romana lam. (varietes romana). - romenis foTlebis rozeti didia, vertikalurad gawyobili, foTlebi gagrZelebulia, ukuovaluri, mouxeSo. rozetis centrSi warmoiqmneba didi ovaluri formis fxvieri Tavi. savegetacio periodi daTesvidan teqnikur simwifemde 70–100 dRea.
aRniSnuli saxeobebidan, amJamad saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia Semdegi jiSebi da hibridebi:
Taviani salaTis jiSebi
barselona
„aisbergis“ tipis salaTis jiSia, gansazRvrulia sazafxulo, saSemodgomo da sagazafxulo gadargvisaTvis. SedarebiT gamZlea salaTis bugrisadmi. aqvs mwvane feris da momrgvalo formis sqeli Tavebi. Tavebis erTgvarovani formis wyalobiT es jiSi idealuria realizaciisaTvis. kargad itans mzis sxivebs da SedarebiT medegia damwvrobebisadmi. gansazRvrulia gadamuSavebis mizniT warmoebisaTvis.
galera
„aisbergis“ tipis salaTis jiSia. aqvs xraSuna konsistenciis mwvane feris Tavebi, romlebic saSualod sqelia. TiToeuli Tavis saSualo wona 500 gramamdea. es jiSi kargad eqvemdebareba sazafxulo brunvaSi warmoebas. igi SedarebiT gamZlea sxvadasxva saxis foTlebis sidampleebisadmi, romlebic Cndeba niadagis da haeris zedmeti tenianobis Sedegad. es Tviseba jiSs aZlevs samxreTis tenian regionebSi warmoebis
saSualebas. aseve igi gaმZlea foTlebis kideebis sidamwvrisadmi.
kuala
„aisbergis“ tipis salaTis jiSia. misi warmoeba SesaZlebelia Ria gruntSi rogorc sagazafxulo, aseve saSemodgomo vadebSi. ikeTebs mwvane feris kompaqtur erTgvarovan Tavebs. jiSisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Semosvlis saadreo vadebi da Tavis formirebis potenciali sxvadasxva agroklimatur pirobebSi.
foTlovani salaTიs jiSebi da hibridebi
moskovski parnikovi
saSualo mosavlianoba 25-40 t. ha-ze. vegetaciis xangrZlivoba 60-70 dRe (aRmocenebidan).
lifli
mosavlianoba 25 - 30 t.ha-ze. vegetaciis xangrZlivoba 65-90 dRe (aRmocenebidan).
lukola
gamoirCeva saneleblebis aromatiT, ori aTasi welia cnobili da popularuli jiSia
adgili TeslbrunvaSi
salaTis optimaluri winamorbedi kulturebia baRCeuli da parkosani kulturebi, kombosto, xaxvi, Zirxvenebi da simindi. salaTიs warmoeba ar aris rekomendebuli mindvrebze, sadac wina wlebSi salaTa, tarxuna da artiSoki iwarmoeboda.
salaTisaTvis gansazRvruli nakveTis SerCeva
salaTa kargi mosavlis misaRebad saWiroa noyieri, struqturiani da teniT uzrunvelyofili niadagi. mSral da cudi fizikuri Tvisebebis mqone niadagze salaTi nela izrdeba da rozetze ramdenime foTlis ganviTarebis Semdeg swrafad amoiRebs Reros. niadagis aris reaqciis mxriv salaTi kargad viTardeba neitralur da susti mJave reaqciis mqone niadagze. salaTis warmoebisaTvis saWiro mJavianobis are pH 6,5-dan 7,0-mdea. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu salaTis wamorbisaTvis SerCeul farTobze niadagis ares reaqcia aRniSnul parametrebze meti an naklebia, anu niadagis kombostos warmoebisaTvis SeuTavseblad mJave, an piriqiT tute reaqciisaa, am dros kulturis dargvamde saWiro iqneba niadagis mJavianobis ares xelovnuri regulireba Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebiT.
fiziologiurad mJave niadagebze pH-is regulirebis mizniT gamoiyeneba niadagis mokirianeba, xolo tute reaqciis ares mqone niadagebze ki pH regulirdeba moTabaSirebis saSualebiT.
mokirianebis an moTabaSirebis aucileblobis dadgena da zusti dozebis identificireba
saWiroa ganxorcieldes Sesabamisi laboratoriuli analizis Sedegad, SerCeuli
meliorantis saxeobis, foრmis da agreTve, misi qimiuri da meqanikuri Semadgenlobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
niadagis ZiriTadi damuSaveba
salaTიsaTvis gankuTvnili niadagi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi saWiroa moixnas Semodgomaze, 25-30 sm. siRrmeze. xolo dasavleT saqarTveloSi ki moxvna SesaZlebelia gvian Semodgomaze, zamTarSi, an gazafxulze. gazafxulzeve saWiroa mzralis CiTilis gadargviswina damuSaveba. am dros tardeba 2 kultivacia 10-12sm. siRrmeze, Tanmiyolebuli dafarcxviT. niadagis kargad gafxvierebis
mizniT SesaZlebelia niadags dasWirdes dafrezva. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom niadagis mulCireba xels uwyobs mosavlianobis gazrdas.
niadagis dargviswina da Semdgomi damuSaveba
gazafxulze niadagis dargviswina damuSaveba sxvadasxvanairia. niadagur-klimaturi pirobebis da ZiriTadi moxvnis Catarebis periodis mixedviT, gazafxulze an marto dafarcxva iqneba sakmarisi, an Rrma kultivacian an gadaxvna, Tanmiyolebuli dafarcxviT. gazafxulze mzralis dagviswina damuSaveba damokidebulia agreTve sasuqis saxeobaze da Setanis droze. Warbtenian raionebSi da msubuqi tipis niadagebze nakelis Setana da Caxvna warmoebs gazafxulze. Tu msubuq niadagze nakelis Setana Semodgomaze ganxorcielda, am SemTxvevaSi gazafxulze tardeba Rrma kultivacia, an gadaxvna frTamoxsnili guTnebiT. dawidul qveTixnar niadagebze nakelis Semodgomaze Setanisa da Caxvnisas (teniani gazafxulis pirobebSi) tardeba farTobebis gadaxvna. arasakmarisi tenianobis pirobebSi mzralis gadaxvna ar warmoebs, aramed xdeba Rrmad gafxviereba kultivatorebiT, 10-12 sm siRrmeze. uSualod vegetaciis periodSi ki salaTisTvis niadagis damuSavebis mizans Seadgens niadagis mudam fxvieri da sarevelebisagan sufTa mdgomareobaSi SenarCuneba.
Tesva-rgva
salaTa ZiriTadad CiTilis gadargvis meTodiT moiyvaneba. CiTilis gamoyvana Ria gruntSi gadargvamde 30-40 dRiT dRiT adre unda daiwyos. Tesli saCiTiled umjobesia specialurad gankuTvnil kasetebSi daiTesos. CiTilis gamoyvanis optimaluri temperatura Rrublian amindSi aris 12-150С, xolo mzian amindSi ki 18-200С. kasetebSi gamoyvanili CiTilebi gadargvisas naklebad ganicdian stress, rac ukeT gaxarebis did SesaZleblobas iZleva. naklebia meCxerianoba da Sesabamisad maRalia mosavali. mcire farTobze gadargva xdeba rigTaSoris 30sm-is, xolo mcenareTa Soris ki 20-30 sm-is dacilebiT. did farTobebze ki – rigTaSoris daSoreba ZiriTadad aris 40-50sm da rigSi mcenareTa Soris - 20-30 sm. Ria gruntSi salaTa iTeseba zusti saTesi manqaniT. CaTesvis siRrme 1-1,5 sm-ia, Tesvis norma ki 4-5 kg. aRmocenebis Semdeg saWiroa gameCxereba.
niadagis ganoyiereba da mcenaris kveba
yoveli erTi tona mosavlis misaRebad wveTovani morwyvis gamoyenebiT da SeTvisebis koeficientis gaTvaliswinebiT saWiroa: azoti 4,4 kg, fosfori 1,28kg da kaliumi 6,0 kg. (sufTa nivTierebebi). aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Tu dagegmilia 1 ha-ze 40 tona mosavlis miReba, saWiro iqneba 176,0 kg. azotis, 51,2 kg. fosforis da 240 kg. kaliumis Setana (sufTa nivTierebebi) erT heqtarze. mzralad moxvnis win 1 ha-ze 20 tona gadamwvari nakelis Setanis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa: azoti 76kg, fosfori 0kg, kaliumi 120 kg. (sufTa nivTierebebi).
konkretuli nakveTisaTvis Sesatani sasuqebis ufro zusti dozebis dadgena xdeba niadagis agroqimiuri analizis safuZvelze.
salaTis integrirebuli dacva mavne organizmebisagan
salaTs azianebs araerTi sokovani, baqteriuli Tu virusuli daavadeba. daavadebebidan gansakuTrebiT saxifaTo da gavrcelebulia: fesvis yelis sidample, Wraqi da nacari. daavadebebis garda, salaTa ziandeba sxvadasxva saxeobis mavnebeli mwerebis uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis Sedegadac. mas ZiriTadad azianebs salaTis fesvis bugri, saTburis frTaTeTra da kombostos CrCili. garda amisa, mniSvnelovania konkretuli daavadebis/daavadebebisadmi gamZle jiSebis/hibridebis gamoyeneba.
fesvis yelis sidample (Savfexa)
Savfexa aris CiTilebis daavadeba. misi gavrcelebisaTvis xelsayrel pirobebs warmoadgens CaxSirebuli naTesebi, haeris da niadagis maRali tenianoba, arasrulyofili ventilacia. fesvTan SeerTebis adgilas Reros nawili Savdeba, xmeba da mcenare iRupeba. dazianebis arealis zemoT axali fesvebis gaCenis SemTxvevaSic ki Zlier ferxdeba mcenaris ganviTareba. brZolis RonisZiebebi:
msubuqi niadagebis da ventilirebadi adgilebis SerCeva CiTilebis warmoebisaTvis;
naTesebis gamoxSirva, anu optimaluri kvebis areebis dacva;
Sesabamisi wamlobebis drouli da xarisxiani ganxorcieleba
salaTis Wraqi
CiTilis gamoyvanis periodSi daavadebul mcenareebs leban-foTlebis da foTlebis zedapirze uCndebaT Ria yviTeli an yviTeli araswori formis laqebi. haeris maRali SefardebiTi tenianobis pirobebSi dazianebul foTlebze arsebuli laqebis qveda mxares warmoiqmneba fxvieri nadebi, romelic Sedgeba konidiaTmtarebisa da konidiosporebisagan. Tavdapirvelad laqebi mcire zomisaa, Semdeg ki daavadebis ganviTarebis paralelurad izrdeba, iRebs muq Seferilobas da SesaZlebelia dafaros foTlis mTeli zedapiri. Zlierad dazianebuli mcenare lpeba da ramdenime dReSi iRupeba. daavadeba aseve vrceldeba salaTis Tavebze maTi Senaxvisas da iwvevs lpobas. kontroli:
kulturaTa monacvleoba.
brZola sarevelebis winaaRmdeg.
dazianebuli mcenareebis mocileba da ganadgureba.
Sesabamisi qimiuri wamlobebis ganxorcieleba.
salaTis nacari
daavadebis gamomwvevi sokoebi viTardeba mxolod cocxal mcenareebze. daavadeba azianebs kulturas misi ganviTarebis nebismier etapze rogorc Ria, aseve daxurul gruntSi. daavadebis simptomebi Tavdapirvelad Cndeba foTlis firfitis zeda mxares. am dros foTolze SeiniSneba erTeuli laqebi TeTri feris fifqis saxiT. mogvianebiT ki aseTive laqebi Cndeba foTlis qveda mxaresac. daavadebis Zlierad ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi laqebi zomaSi izrdeba, erTmaneTs uerTdeba da mTlianad faravs foTlis firfitas. TeTri nadebi vrceldeba yunwebsa da Reroebzec. dazianebuli foTlebi yviTldeba da xmeba. mcenaris ganviTareba ferxdeba da klebulobs produqtiuloba.
kontroli:
zedmeti morwyvis da sasuqebis, gansakuTrebiT ki azotis, gadaWarbebiT gamoyenebis Tavidan acileba.
kulturaTa monacvleoba.
brZola sarevelebis winaaRmdeg.
mcenareuli narCenebis miwis nakveTidan mocileba da ganadgureba.
CiTilebis warmoebis da gadargvis optimaluri vadebis dacva.
Sesabamisi fungicidebis efeqturi da drouli gamoyeneba mniSvnelovania am daavadebis kontrolisaTvis.
salaTis ZiriTadi mavnebeli mwerebi
kombostos CrCili
laTinuri saxelwodeba: Plutella maculipennis aRweriloba – kombostos CrCilis matli daaxloebiT 10-12 mm sigrZisaa. misi sxeuli Ria mwvanea, aqvs TiTistarisebri forma da dafarulia mokle, Savi bewviT. Tavi moyviTalo ruxia, romelzec bevri moyviTalo feris laqaa.
imagos sigrZe gaSlili frTebiT 16-17 mm-a. wina viwro frTebi zemodan umetesს SemTxvevaSi monacrisfroa. frTebs SuaSi sigrZiv moyviTalo an moTeTro zoli gasdevs. ukana frTebi brWyvialaa, ferflisebri, aseTive feris TeTri jinjiliT. mavnebeli Wupris fazaSi izamTrebs kombostosa da sxva mcenareebis narCenebSi. gazafxulze, aprilSi an maisSi Wuprebidan gamodian sqesobrivad momwifebuli peplebi, romlebic kopulirdebian da iwyeben kvercxebis debas mcenaris foTlebis qveda mxares. kvercxi ideba patar-patara jgufebad, foTlis ZarRvebis gaswvriv. 3-7 dRis Semdeg kvercxebidan iCekeba matlebi. uaryofiTi sameurneo mniSvneloba – axladgamoCekili matli iWreba foTlis rbilobSi, RrRnis mas da warmoSobs klaknil naRmebs. ramdenime dRis Semdeg matli naRmebidan gadainacvlebs foTlis zedapirze da iwyebs momrgvalo da uswormasworo xvrelebis keTebas masSi. mavnebels didi ziani moaqvs gvalvian da cxel amindSi. maTi moqmedebis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad klebulobs kombostos mosavali. kontroli:
mcenareuli narCenebis mocileba da ganadgureba;
bostneul kulturebSi kombostos CrCilis winaaRmdeg qimiuri praparatebidan karg Sedegs iZleva lambdacigalotrinis, malaTionis, esfenvaleratis, acetamipridisa da malaToinis bazaze damzadebuli inseqticidebis gamoyeneba.
saTburis frTaTeTra
laTinuri saxelwodeba: Trialeurodes vaporariorum
aRweriloba - saTburis frTaTeTra aris mcire zomis, TeTri feris swrafadmfreni
mweri. igi gavrcelebulia zomieri havis mqone regionebSi. igi azianebs bostneul
kulturebs, gansakuTrebiT daxurul gruntSi. zrdasruli mweris sigrZe 1-2 mm-a.
sxeuli moyviTaloa, frTebi cviliTaa dafaruli. frTebi sxeulis paralelurad aris
ganlagebuli.
uaryofiTi sameurneo mniSvneloba – azianebs yvela saxis mcenares daxurul gruntSi,
zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki azianebs bostneul kulturebs Ria gruntSi. mniSvnelovnad
azianebs pomidors daxurul gruntSi, radgan erTi sezonis ganmavlobaSi mavnebels
ramdenime Taoba hyavs. mdedri frTaTeTra debs 50-250 kvercxs axalgazrda foTlis
firfitis qveda mxares. kvercxdebis procesi grZeldeba Zalian didxans, amitom
mcenaris TiTqmis mTeli vegetaciis manZilze saTburSi aris mavneblis rogorc
zrdasruli formebi (imago), aseve matlebi, rac mniSvnelovnad arTulebs mavneblis
winaaRmdeg brZolas. matlebis didi raodenoba mniSvnelovnad asustebs mcenares.
kontroli:
sanitaruli wesebis dacva saTburSi (ucxo pirTa Sesvlis SezRudva,
regularuli gawmenda sarevelebisa da mcenareuli narCenebisagan,
sadezinfeqcio xaliCis dadeba...) da misi dezinfeqcia;
bostneul kulturebSi mavneblis winaaRmdeg qimiuri preparatebidan karg
Sedegs iZleva piriproqsifenis, cipermetrinis, TiameToqsamis, pirifos-
meTilis, acetamipridis, imidaklopridis, malaTionisa da imidaklopridis
bazaze damzadebuli inseqticidebis gamoyeneba.
salaTis fesvis bugri
sxva bugrebisagan gansxvavebiT salaTis fesvis bugri niadagis mavnebelia da igi ikvebeba foTlovani salaTis fesvebiT. mavneblis moqmedebis mTavari simptomebi mcenareze vlindeba cxel amindebSi, rodesac mavneblis mier dazianebuli mcenaris fesvTa sistema ver uzrunvelyofs sakvebi elementebis sakmarisi raodenobiT miwodebas da mcenare iwyebs Wknobas. Cveulebriv/xelsayrel amindebSi ki mcenare ar Wkneba, magram nela viTardeba da zrdaSi CamorCeba. aseTi mcenareebi sawarmoo TvalsazrisiT araefeqturia da mizanSewonilia maTi mocileba nakveTebidan. brZolis RonisZiebebi:
kulturaTa monacvleoba, mavnebelTa raodenobis niadagSi dagrovebis Tavidan asacileblad.
mulCireba.
rwyvis optimaluri reJimis dacva.
mavneblisadmi gamZle jiSebis warmoeba.
salaTis mavnebel-daavadebebis winaaRmdeg saWiro wაmlobebis saorientacio sqema
pesticidebis usafrTxo gamoyenebis ZiriTadi principebi
pesticidis usafrTxod da efeqturad gamoyenebisaTvis aseve aucilebelia:
gamoyenebis jeradobebis da dozebis dacva.
mowamvlisagan Tavdacvis saSualebebis gamoyeneba.
pesticidis Senaxvis wesebis codna.
wamlobis usafrTxod Catarebis ZiriTadi wesebis codna.
pesticidebis umravlesobas gaaCnia kanoniT gansazRvruli gamoyenebis jeradoba, rac gvaZlevs informacias imis Sesaxeb Tu ramdenjer SegviZlia gamoviyenoT konkretuli pesticidi erTi sezonis ganmavlobaSi. pesticidis jeradobis darRveva zrdis mcenareSi mavne nivTierebaTa dagrovebis riskebs da safrTxe eqmneba rogorc sasoflo-sameurneo produqcias, aseve adamianis janmrTelobas. wamlobisas aseve mniSvnelovania dozebis zusti dacva. pesticidis dozas gansazRvravs saxelmwifo, pesticidis mwarmoebeli da realizatori. Sesabamisad pesticidis SeZena unda moxdes mxolod specializirebul maRaziebSi, sadac SesaZlebelia miviRoT pesticidis dozebTan dakavSirebiT kvalificiuri konsultaciebi. pesticidiT mowamvlis Tavidan asacileblad aucilebelia Sesabamisi spectansacmlis, saTvalis da pirbadis gamoyeneba. tansacmeli, romliTac moxdeba wamlobis Catareba, unda gairecxos calke.
pirvel rigSi sasurvelia moxdes pesticidis im raodenobiT SeZena, ramdenic saWiro
iqneba kulturis erT savegetacio periodSi gamosayeneblad. amiT fermeri Tavidan aicilebs Warbi da narCeni raodenobis pesticidebis Senaxvis (dasawyobebis) aucileblobas. pesticidebis Senaxvis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia daculi iqnes Sesabamisi wesebi. maT Sesaxeb informacia mocemulia pesticidis taris etiketze. pesticidis Senaxva saWiroa Tavisive, mWidrod Tavdaxurul taraSi. igi unda inaxebodes kvebis produqtebis, medikamentebis, cxovelTa sakvebis, sayofacxovrebo qimiuri saSualebebisgan gancalkevebiT – gril, mSral, sinaTlisgan dacul, kargad ganiavebad, daxurul SenobaSi, bavSvebisaTvis miuwvdomel adgilas, adamianebisa da cxovelebisgan moSorebiT.
uSualod wamlobis Catarebisas, aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas Semdegi mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi:
wamloba saWiroa Catardes mxolod uqaro amindSi dilis, an saRamos saaTebSi.
dauSvebelia qimiur preparatis (fxvnilis, xsnaris) Sexeba daucveli xelebiT,
akrZalulia wamlobis dros pesticidiT dabinZurebuli xelebiT sigaretis moweva, sakvebisa da sasmelis miReba.
dauSvebelia pesticidis carieli taris gamoyeneba Semdgomi moxmarebisaTvis.
wamlobis dasrulebis Semdeg saWiroa gamoyenebuli Semasxurebeli aparaturis guldasmiT garecxva da narecxi wylis gaxarjva damuSavebul nakveTSi.
wamlobaTa tabulis gamoyenebis wesebi
tabulebSi mocemulia kulturis ganviTarebis TiToeuli etapebis mixedviT Casatarebeli wamlobebi, is mavne obieqtebi, romelTa gavrceleba mosalodnelia mocemuli periodisaTvis, Sesabamisi preparatebi da maTi gamoyenebis reglamentebi. tabula iZleva wamlobis preparatis SerCevis saSualebas, rogorc arakombinirebuli, aseve kombinirebuli wamlobis Casatareblad. garda amisa tabulიs gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia mTeli sezonis ganmavlobaSi gansaxorcielebeli profilaqtikuri wamlobebis sqemis Sedgena arakombinirebuli wamloba. arakombinirebuli wamlobis Catareba SesaZlebelia tabulaSi mocemuli erTi konkretuli preparatis gamoyenebiT, konkretuli daavadebis, mavnebeli mweris an tkipas winaaRmdeg. am dros aucilebelia tabulaSi mocemuli wamlobis periodis, kulturis ganviTarebis fazis, pesticidis moqmedebis speqtris gaTvaliswineba da miTiTebuli dozebis dacva. kombinirebuli wamloba. kombinirebuli wamloba tardeba kulturaze erTze meti daavadebis an mavneblis arsebobis, an maTi gaCenis prevenciis mizniT. kombinirebuli wamlobebis Casatareblad pesticidebis martivad SerCevis mizniT, tabulaSi preparatebi moqmedebis tipebis mixedviT dayofilia Sesabamisi ferebiT: yviTeli – fungicidi. lurji - inseqticidi. kombinirebuli wamlobis dagegmvisas TiToeul wamlobaSi mocemuli TiToeuli tipis preparati SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iqnas kombinaciaSi imave wamlobaSi mocemul gansxvavebuli tipis nebismier pesticidTan, anu SesaZlebelia TiToeul cxrilSi arsebuli fungicidis Sereva inseqticidTan da kombinirebuli wamlobis Catareba, iseve rogorc SesaZlebelia TiToeul cxrilSi mocemuli fungicidis, inseqticidis da akaricidis erTmaneTSi Sereva, sokovani daavadebebis, mavnebeli mwerebisa da tkipebis winaaRmdeg. damatebiTi instruqciebi:
dauSvebelia erTi moqmedebis tipis, anu ferSi arsebuli preparatebis erTmaneTSi Sereva (anu fungicidis Sereva fungicidTan, inseqticidis Sereva inseqticidTan..).
aucilebelia wamlobebis periodebis dacva.
mkacrad unda iqnas daculi tabulebSi miTiTebuli pesticidebis gamoyenebis reglamentebi – dozebis da gamoyenebis periodebis Secvla dauSvebelia specialistTan konsultaciebis gareSe.
Sesxurebisas aucilebelia pesticidebis usafrTxo gamoyenebis wesebis dacva. miuxedavad imisa, rom tabulebi moicavs preparatebis farTo speqtrs, aRsaniSnavia rom pesticidebis bazarze arsebobs sxva, pesticidebi, romelTa gamoyenebac aseve efeqturia salaTis mavnebel-daavadebebis winaaRmdeg.
qimiuri brZolis meTodi salaTიs mavnebel-daavadebebis da sarevelebis winaaRmdeg
salaTიs wamlobaTa sqemis Sesadgeni tabula
wamlobebi CiTilebis gadargvamde
pirveli wamloba
wamlobis
Catarebis
periodi
mavne obieqti
(daavadebebi,
mavneblebi)
pesticidis
tipi
pesticidebi
pesticidis gamoyenebis
reglamentebi moqmedi
nivTiereba
savaWro
dasaxeleba
daTesvamde an daTesvis Semdeg
fesvis sidampleebi
fungicidi
propamokarb hidroqloridi 530 g/l+ aluminis foseTili 310 g/l
previkur enerji we 840
morwyva 3 ml 2 l wyalSi 1 kv.metrze
fesvis sidampleebi propamokarb hidroqloridi 722 g/l
propakuri n, wx
morwyva 0,15% iani samuSao xsnariT, 150 ml 100 l wyalSi
fesvis sidampleebi mefenoqsami 350 g/l
aproni XL, we morwyva 0,04% - iani samuSao xsnariT, 40 ml 100 l wyalSi
meore wamloba
wamlobis
Catarebis
periodi
mavne obieqti
(daavadebebi,
mavneblebi)
pesticidis
tipi
pesticidebi
pesticidis gamoyenebis
reglamentebi moqmedi
nivTiereba
savaWro
dasaxeleba
aRmocenebidan 7-10 dRis Semdeg
fesvis sidampleebi fungicidi
propamokarb hidroqloridi 530 g/l+ aluminis foseTili 310 g/l
previkur enerji we 840
CiTilebis morwyva 3 ml 2 l wyalSi 1 kv.metrze
propamokarb hidroqloridi 722 g/l
propakuri n, wx
morwyva 0,15% iani samuSao xsnariT, 150 ml 100 l wyalSi
mefenoqsami 350 g/l
aproni XL, we CiTilebis morwyva 0,04% - iani samuSao xsnariT, 40 ml 100 l wyalSi
mesame wamloba
wamlobis
Catarebis
periodi
mavne obieqti (daavadebebi,
mavneblebi)
pesticidis
tipi
pesticidebi
pesticidis
gamoyenebis
reglamentebi
moqmedi
nivTiereba
savaWro
dasaxeleba 1 ha-ze
CiTilebis wamloba
gadargvamde
septoriozi, alternaria, Wraqi
fungicidi
propinebi 700 g/kg antrakoli, sf 1,5-2 kg
septoriozi, alternaria, Wraqi mankocebi 800 g/kg diTan M-45, sf 1,2-1,6 kg
septoriozi, alternaria, Wraqi mankocebi 80% mankozati mc, sf
3 kg
xvatrebi, bugrebi WiWinobela, kombostos buzi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
inseqticidi
imidaklopridi 700 g/kg
konfidor maqsi 70, wxgr
0,04-0,05kg
xvatrebi, bugrebi WiWinobela, kombostos buzi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
deltametrini 25 g/l
decis blu 25 ek
0,5l
xvatrebi, bugrebi WiWinobela, kombostos buzi
TiameToqsami 250 g/kg
aqtara, wdgr 0,08-0,12kg
xvatrebi, bugrebi WiWinobela, kombostos buzi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
cipermetrini 250 g/l
arivo 25% ek 1,6 l
wamlobebi CiTilebis gadargvis Semdeg
pirveli wamloba
wamlobis
Catarebis
periodi
mavne obieqti (daavadebebi,
mavneblebi)
pesticidis
tipi
pesticidebi
pesticidis
gamoyenebis
reglamentebi
moqmedi nivTiereba savaWro
dasaxeleba 1 ha-ze
gadargvidan 10 dRis Semdeg 4 foTlis faza
fomozi, kila, Wraqi, alternaria, Savfexa da sxva daavadebebis kompleqsi
fungicidi
propinebi 700 g/kg antrakoli, sf
1,5-2 kg
fomozi, kila, Wraqi, alternaria, Savfexa da sxva daavadebebis kompleqsi
mankocebi 800 g/kg diTan M- 45, sf
1,2-1,6 kg
fomozi, kila, Wraqi, alternaria, Savfexa da sxva daavadebebis kompleqsi
propinebi 700 g/kg+cimoqsanili 60 g/kg
safakol kombi, sf 76
1,5 kg
baqteriuli daavadebebi samfuZiani spilenZis
sulfati 45 გ/ლ kuproqsati sk 3 l
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, kombostos buzi, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
inseqticidi
imidaklopridi 700 g/kg
konfidor maqsi 70, wxgr
0,04-0,05kg
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, kombostos buzi, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
deltametrini 25 g/l decis blu 25 ek
0,5l
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, kombostos buzi, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
TiameToqsami 250 g/kg aqtara, wdgr 0,08-0,12kg
meore wamloba
wamlobis
Catarebis
periodi
mavne obieqti (daavadebebi,
mavneblebi)
pesticidis
tipi
pesticidebi
pesticidis
gamoyenebis
reglamentebi
moqmedi nivTiereba savaWro
dasaxeleba 1 ha-ze
8-9 foTlis faza
fomozi, kila, Wraqi, alternaria, Savfexa da sxva daavadebebis kompleqsi
fungicidi
propinebi 700 g/kg antrakoli, sf
1,5-2 kg
fomozi, kila, Wraqi, alternaria, Savfexa da sxva daavadebebis kompleqsi
mankocebi 800 g/kg diTan M- 45, sf
1,2-1,6 kg
fomozi, kila, Wraqi, alternaria, Savfexa da sxva daavadebebis kompleqsi
mankocebi 800 g/kg mankozati mc, sf
3 kg
fomozi, kila, Wraqi, alternaria, Savfexa da sxva daavadebebis kompleqsi
propinebi 700 g/kg+cimoqsanili 60 g/kg
safakol kombi, sf 76
1,5 kg
baqteriuli daavadebebi სამფუძიანი სპილენძის
სულფატი 45 გ/ლ kuproqsati sk 3 l
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, kombostos buzi, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
inseqticidi
imidaklopridi 700 g/kg
konfidor maqsi 70, wxgr
0,04-0,05kg
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, kombostos buzi, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
deltametrini 25 g/l decis fluqsi ek
0,5 l
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, kombostos buzi, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
TiameToqsami 250 g/kg aqtara, wdgr 0,08-0,12kg
mesame wamloba
wamlobis
Catarebis
periodi
mavne obieqti (daavadebebi,
mavneblebi)
pesticidis
tipi
pesticidebi
pesticidis
gamoyenebis
reglamentebi
moqmedi nivTiereba savaWro
dasaxeleba 1 ha-ze
Tavebis formirebis dasawyisi
Wraqi, alternaria, fomozi da sxva daavadebebis kompleqsi
fungicidi
trifloqsistr-obini500 g/kg
zato wxg 0,25 kg
Wraqi, alternaria, fomozi da sxva daavadebebis kompleqsi
propinebi 700 g/kg+cimoqsanili 60 g/kg
safakol kombi, sf 76
1,5 kg
Wraqi, alternaria, fomozi da sxva daavadebebis kompleqsi
mankocebi 80% mankozati mc sf
3 kg
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, CrCili, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
inseqticidi
flubendiamidi 480 g/l
belti ek 0,1 l
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, CrCili, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
qlorpirifosi 480 g/l pirifosi ek 1,5 l
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, CrCili, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
qlorpirifosi 500 g/l + cipermetrini 50 g/l
nurel d 55 ek 1,5 l
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, CrCili, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
lambda-cihalotrini 50 g/kg
kaiso wdg 0,2 kg
meoTxe wamloba
wamlobis
Catarebis
periodi
mavne obieqti (daavadebebi,
mavneblebi)
pesticidis
tipi
pesticidebi
pesticidis
gamoyenebis
reglamentebi
moqmedi nivTiereba savaWro
dasaxeleba 1 ha-ze
Tavebis formireba
baqteriuli daavadebebi
fungicidi
spilenZis sulfati+ kalciumis hidroqsidi 200 g/kg
kupervali 20 sf
5 kg
Wraqi, alternaria, ruxi sidample, fomozi
trifloqsistr-obini500 g/kg
zato wxg 0,25 kg
baqteriuli daavadebebi სამფუძიანი სპილენძის
სულფატი 45 გ/ლ kuproqsati sk 3 l
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, CrCili, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
inseqticidi
flubendiamidi 480 g/l
belti ek 0,1 l
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, CrCili, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
qlorpirifosi 480 g/l pirifosi ek 1,5 l
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, CrCili, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
qlorpirifosi 500 g/l + cipermetrini 50 g/l
nurel d 55 ek 1,5 l
TeTrula, rwyili, xvatari, bugrebi, CrCili, xerxiebi da sxva mavnebelTa kompleqsi
lambda-cihalotrini 50 g/kg
kaiso wdg 0,2 kg
salaTis sarevelebis winaaRmdeg Casatarebeli wamlobebis SesarCevi sqema sqemis gamoyenebis wesebi mavnebel-daavadebebis winaaRmdeg wamlobebis tabulebis msgavsad, sarevelebis winaaRmdeg Casatarebeli wamlobebis sqemac iZleva arCevanis saSualebas. am SemTxvevaSi mocemulia konkretuli herbicidebi, maTi moqmedebis speqtri, gamoyenebis vadebi, sarevelaTa saxeobebi da herbicidebis gamoyenebis reglamentebi (dozebi erT ha-ze da 100 l. wyalSi.). sqemis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia konkretuli wamlobisaTvis saWiro herbicidis SerCeva da wamlobis Catareba.
wamlobisaTvis herbiციdis SerCevisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas Semdegi mniSvnelovani faqtorebi:
erTi wamlobisaTvis saWiroa mxolod erTi herbicidis SerCeva
dauSvebelia sqemaSi mocemuli herbicidebis erTmaneTSi Sereva
aucilebelia sqemaSi mocemuli wamlobebis periodebis da dozebis dacva. maTi Secvla dasaSvebia mxolod specialistTan konsultaciebis Sedegad.
Sesxurebisas aucilebelia pesticidebis usafrTxo gamoyenebis wesebis dacva. sqemaSi mocemuli herbicidebis garda, arsebobs sxva herbicidebi, romelTa gamoyeneba
aseve efeqturia salaTიs sarevelebis winaaRmdeg.
herbicidebis moxmarebisas mniSvnelovania herbicidis Sesatani specialuri teqnikis swori SerCeva da herbicidis mwarmoeblismier gansazRvruli wesebis dacviT Sesxureba,
kulturis ganviTarebis etapisa da sarevelebis saxeobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
wamlobebi salaTis sarevelebis winaaRmdeg
ganviTarebis
stadia
sarevelebis
saxeobebi
herbicidi
dozebi 1
ha-ze
herbicidis
moqmedebis
tipi
moqmedi nivTiereba savaWro
dasaxeleba
kulturis gadargvamde, an daTesvamde
vegetaciis periodSi myofi sarevelebi
araseleqciuri herbicidi
glifosati izopropilaminis marili 486 g/l, glifosatis mixedviT 360 g/l
rumbo, wx 36 3 l
an
glifosati 500 g/l, kaliumis marilis mixedviT
uragani forte, wx
3 l
an
400 g/l glfosatis izopropilaminis marili. 360 g/l glifosatis mJavaze gaangariSebiT
klini, წხ 3 l
an
glifosatis mJava, izopropilis spirti 360 g/l
dominatori, sf 3 l
gadargvamde, an kulturis
aRmocenebamde
erTwliani orlebniani da marcvlovani sarevelebi
seleqciuri herbicidi
pendimetanili 330 g/l stompi, ek 4 l
sarevelebis ganviTarebis fazebis mixedviT
erTwliani da mravalwliani marcvlovani sarevelebi
seleqciuri herbicidi
fenoqsaprop-p-eTili 69 g/l furore-superi wze 69
2,0 l
an
fluazitop-p-buTili 150 g/l fuzilade-forte, ek
2,0 l
an
tepraloqsidimi 50 g/l aramo ek 1,8 l
salaTიs teniT uzrunvelyofa
morwyvis jeradoba da normebi damokidebulia niadagis tenianobis maCvenebelsa da mcenaris ganviTarebis calkeul fazebze. salaTis teniT uzrunvelyofis saorientacio normebia:
jeradoba: 10-15 da meti
TiToeuli morwyvis saorientacio norma 1 ha-ze: 30-40 m3 (wveTovani morwyvis sistemiT)
tenisadmi moTxovnis periodi: vegetaciis yvela etapi
morwyvis meTodi: dawvimebiT, wveTovani, an kvlebSi miSvebis meTodiT.
mosavlianobis zrdis meTodebi
Teslis dalboba. daTesvamde salaTიs Teslis 25-40 saaTis ganmavlobaSi dalboba aCqarebs mcenaris aRmocenebis process da uzrunvelyofs Tanabari zomis aRmonacens, rac amartivebs nakveTSi Casatarebel samuSaoebs da iZleva mosavlis adreul vadebSi miRebis
saSualebas. Teslis dalbobas awarmoeben wminda wyalSi, uJangav (emalirebul) WurWelSi an rbil taraSi. wylis temperatura damokidebulia konkretul kulturaze. salaTიsaTvis saWiroa wylis temperatura 6-dan 25⁰C-mde. dalbobisas Teslis fena 15 sm-ze meti ar unda iyos. wyali unda gamoicvalos yovel 10-12 saaTSi erTxel.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyeneba sasurveli ar aris specializirebul maRaziebSi SeZenil saTesle masalaze, radgan is damuSavebulia
Sesabamisi preparatiT da rogorc dalbobis, aseve xelovnuri gaRivebis procedurebi gamoiwvevs preparatis Camorecxvas Teslis zedapiridan.
pikireba-daCiTileba. am meTodis gamoyenebisas salaTis Tesls sqlad Tesen da aRmocenebis Semdeg, rodesac mcenareebi ganiviTareben leban-foTlebs (pirveli ori foTols), iReben miwidan da rgaven ufro did kvebis areze. gadargvisas norC mcenareebs fesvs ukvecen - awyveten fesvis erT-mesamed nawils. miwidan amoRebamde saWiroa mcenareebi kargad moirwyas. es meTodi iZleva farTobis ekonomiurad gamoyenebis saSualebas, gansakuTrebiT saTburebSi. aseve igi qmnis CiTilis adreulad gamoyvanis saSualebas da amcirebs CiTilis gamoyvanaze saWiro xarjebs.
mosavlis aReba/Senaxva
salaTიs aReba xdeba adreulad 5-7 foTlis fazaSi, wayinvebis dawyebamde. Ria gruntSi dagvianebiT aReba iwvevs foTlebis gauxeSebas da ayvavilebas. saTburis pirobebSi misi aReba foTlebis sasaqonlo saxis miRwevis Semdeg nebismier dros aris SesaZlebeli. aReba xdeba mcenaris miwidan amoTxriT. gasufTaveba daxarisxebis Semdeg produqcia konebad ikvreba da daniSnulebis adgilze igzavneba. SenaxvisaTvis gankuTvnili salaTa swrafad unda gacivdes. igi unda inaxebodes 0°C
temperaturis da 98–100% fardobiTi tenianobis pirobebSi. salaTis yvela saxeobisTvis Senaxvis maqsimaluri vada 4 kviras ar aRemateba.
salaTis kulturis warmoebis agroteqnologiuri ruka
farTobi 1ha. dagegmili mosavali 15 t.
N
samuSaos masalis dasaxeleba Sesrulebis
dro erTeuli raodenoba
erTeulis Rirebuleba
sul Rirebuleba
1 niadagis moxvna VIII ha 1 140 150
2 xnulis frezireba VIII ha 1 100 100
3 Teslis SeZena II kg 6 50 300
4 Teslis daTesva IX – – – –
5 CiTilis dargva IX cali 150000 – –
6 niadagis kultivacia VIII ha 1 100 100
7 organuli sasuqis SeZena VIII ტ 20 75 1500
8 organuli sasuqis Setana VIII ha 1 70 70
9 azotiani sasuqi (amoniumis gvarjila) IX –X kg 500 1 500
10 fosforiani sasuqi (superfosfati) IX –X kg 280 1 280
11 kaliumiani sasuqi (kaliumis marili) IX –X kg 600 1 600
12 biologiuri sasuqi organika IX –X l 5 7 35
13 fungicidebi IX –X kg – – 460
14 inseqticidebi IX –X kg – – 150
15 kultivacia rigTSorisebSi IX –X 1 100 100
16 morwyva wveTovaniT IX –XII 7 30 210
17 mosavlis aReba transportireba 1 400 400
18 samuSaoze damxmare muSaxeli: 41 20 820
19 gauTvaliswinebeli xarji +10%
577
sul xarji 6352 lari
mosavali (tona) tona 15
mosavlis Rirebuleba (lari) tona/lari 15000
mogeba(lari) mosavlis Rirebuleba-sul xarji 8648 lari
Semdgenlebi
nunu CaCxiani-anasaSvili – soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiuri doqtori maka yubaneiSvili - soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiuri doqtori
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