Fig. 21-2, p.334 multicelled gametophyte (n) multicelled sporophyte (2n) gametes (n) spores (n)...

Fig. 21-2, p.334

multicelledgametophyte

(n)

multicelledsporophyte

(2n)

gametes(n)

spores(n)

mitosis mitosis

meiosisfertilization

mitosis

zygote(2n)

HAPLOID

DIPLOID

Fig. 21-2, p.334

sporophyte’s importance

angiospermsgymnospermsfernsbryophytesgreen algae

zygote is onlydiploid phase

gametophyte’s importance

Fig. 21-3, p.335

seedplants

plantswithcomplexleaves

vascularplants

landplants

plants andclose relatives

charophytes

mossesliverwortshornworts

lycophytes

cycads conifersginkgosgnetophytesfloweringplants

horsetailswhisk fernsferns

Fig. 21-4, p.336

Fig. 21-5, p.336

Other germinating sporesgrow and develop intofemale gametophytes.

Spores germinate.Some grow anddevelop into malegametophytes.

Spores form byway of meiosisand are released.

Sperm reach eggsby moving throughraindrops or film ofwater on the plantsurface.

Zygote grows,develops into asporophyte while still attached togametophyte.

zygote

mature sporophyte (spore-producingstructure and stalk), still dependenton gametophyte

sperm-producingstructure at shoottip of malegametophyte

egg-producingstructure at shoottip of femalegametophyte

rhizoids

Diploid Stage

Haploid Stagefertilization meiosis

Fig. 21-6, p.337

Fig. 21-7, p.337

female gametophytes

thallus (leaflike part) close-up of gemmae

male gametophyte

Fig. 21-8, p.338

Fig. 21-9, p.339

fertilization

egg

sperm

zygote rhizome

Spores develop.egg-producingstructure

sperm-producingstructure

maturegametophyte(underside)

A sporegerminates,grows into agametophyte.

Spores arereleased.

sorus

The sporophyte(still attached tothe gametophyte)grows, develops.

Haploid Stage

Diploid Stagemeiosis

Fig. 21-10, p.339

Fig. 21-13, p.341

Fig. 21-13, p.341

Fig. 21-13, p.341

Fig. 21-13, p.341

Fig. 21-14, p.342

Fig. 21-14, p.342

Fig. 21-15, p.343

surface view of ascale of a malestrobilus (housestwo pollen sacs)

surface view of afemale cone scale(houses two ovules)

section through oneovule (the red “cut”in the diagramto the left)

ovule

section througha pollen sac(red cut)

zygote

maturesporophyte

seedling

seedcoat

embryonutritivetissue

seed formationDiploid Stage

Megasporesform; one

develops intothe female

gametophyte.

Microsporesform, develop

into pollengrains.

Germinating pollen grain (themale gametophyte). Spermnuclei form as the pollen tubegrows toward the egg.

pollen tube

sperm-producing

cell

pollination(wind depositspollen grainnear ovule)

meiosismeiosisfertilization

(view insidean ovule)

eggs

female gametophyte

Haploid Stage

Fig. 21-16, p.344

ginkgoother genera

gymnosperms

ferns

cycads

angiosperms(flowering

plants)

Fig. 21-17, p.344

ovulein anovary

stamen(microsporesform here)

carpel(megasporesform here)

sepal

petal

Fig. 21-18, p.345

Fig. 21-18, p.345

Fig. 21-18, p.345

Fig. 21-18, p.345

basal groups

Amborellawaterlilies magnoliids

staranise monocots eudicots

Fig. 21-19, p.346

Megaspore givesrise to haploid cellsin ovule. In one ofthe cells, mitosiswithout cytoplasmicdivision gives it twonuclei; it will giverise to endosperm.

cell in ovulethat will giverise to amegaspore

ovulesinsideovary

pollen sac,where eachone of manycells willgive rise tomicrospores

a floweringstem of thematuresporophyte(2n)

Microsporesform, thendevelop intopollen grains.

Pollen isreleased.

The pollen tube enters an ovule.

cell from whichendospermwill form

female gametophyteovary

egg(line of cutof diagramat left)

Diploid StageHaploid Stage

seed coatembryo (2n)endosperm (nutritive tissue)

seed

Pollination and pollentube formation:

malegametophyte

sperm (n)pollen tube

double fertilization meiosis meiosis

Table 21-1, p.348

Fig. 21-21, p.348

cycadsgnetophytes

flowering plants

ferns

lycophytes

hornworts

ginkgos

whisk ferns

liverworts mosses

horsetails

conifers

Fig. 21-22, p.349

Fig. 26-2, p.426

root tiproot cap

lateral (axillary) bud

shoot tip (terminal bud)

nodeinternode

node

vascular tissues

ground tissues

SHOOTSROOTS

primary root

lateral root

young leaf

flower

dermal tissue

leaf

seedsin fruit

witheredseed leaf(cotyledon)

stem

root hairs

Fig. 26-3ab, p.427

Fig. 26-11, p.431

Fig. 26-15, p.433

Fig. 26-9, p.429

photosynthetic cellleaf surface cuticle epidermal cell

Fig. 26-14, p.433

Photosyntheticproducts (pinkarrow) entervein, will bedistributedthrough plant.

Water,dissolvedmineral ionsfrom roots andstems moveinto leaf vein(blue arrow).

Carbon dioxide(pink arrow)in outside airdiffuses intoleaf throughstomata.

Oxygen andwater vapor(blue arrow)diffuse out ofleaf throughstomata.

leaf vein (one vascular bundle)

xylem phloem cuticle

upperepidermis

palisademesophyll

spongymesophyll

lowerepidermis

epidermalcell

stoma(small gap

across lowerepidermis)

Fig. 27-10, p.448

20 µm

chloroplast(guard cellsare the onlyepidermalcells thathave theseorganelles)

stoma

guard cellguard cell

Fig. 26-22, p.437

Fig. 27-4, p.444a Root nodule of a soybean plant

Fig. 27-5, p.444

Fig. 27-7, p.446

Fig. 27-8, p.447

Fig. 27-18, p.453

Fig. 28-2b, p.456

ovary

petal (all petalscombined are theflower’s corolla)

sepal (all sepalscombined areflower’s calyx)

receptacle

ovule(formswithinovary)

stamen carpel

(male reproductive part) (female reproductive part)

filament anther stigma style

Fig. 28-3, p.457

Fig. 28-4, p.457

Fig. 28-5a, p.458

Fig. 28-5b, p.458

Fig. 28-7ac, p.461

Fig. 28-8, p.462

Fig. 28-19b, p.469

Fig. 28-22, p.470

Fig. 28-30, p.474