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FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF INDIAN RARE EARTHS LIMITED, CHAVARA
ByNITHEESH.V.S
Reg. No. 97709631022
INTRODUCTION
The performance of an organization is evaluated through the analysis of the financial statements. Financial statements are prepared primarily for decision making. They play a dominant role in setting the frame work of managerial decisions. Analysis of financial statements helps in determining financial strength and weakness of the firm by establishing strategic relationship between the items of the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss account.
INDUSTRY PROFILE
Minerals and Mining Industry
Mining industry is one of the largest
industries in the world. Mining industry is concerned with the direct tapping and utilization of natural resources which is mostly perishable. Traditionally, the focus of mining industry has been the extraction of metals from minerals using several methods of extraction and beneficiation.
COMPANY PROFILE
Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) is a Central Public Sector Undertaking under the administrative control of the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India. The Company is engaged in the mining of beach sands through its three Plants namely Chavara, Manavalakurichi and Orissa Sands Complex (OSCOM) located in the coastal areas of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Orissa respectively for the separation and marketing of about 440 thousand tones of Ilmenite per annum and associated heavy minerals like rutile, zircon, monazite, sillimanite and garnet.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Sreevastava (1997) explains that financial analysis are undertaken to interpret the position of an enterprise. Financial analysis includes the study of relationships within a set of financial statements at a point in time. Analysis of financial statement is a process of evaluating the relationship between component part of a financial statement to obtain a better understanding of a firm’s position and performance
Chandra (2009) describes that analysis of financial statement is of interest to lenders, investors, security analysts’, managers, corporate boards, regulators and others. It is helpful in assessing the corporate excellence, judging credit worthiness, forecasting bond ratings, predicting bankruptcy and assessing market risk.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
• To study the financial performance of the company for last5 years.
• To compare the financial position of the company for last five years.
• To analyze and interpret the liquidity and profitability position of the organization.
• To analyze the causes of changes in the cash position of the organization.
• To give suggestions based on the findings.
TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS
The various tools used for the analysis are;
»Ratio Analysis
»Comparative Analysis
»Cash Flow Analysis
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
1.RATIO ANALYSIS
A ratio is the relationship between two financial data. In financial analysis, a ratio is used as the basis for evaluating the financial position and performance of a firm. Ratio analysis is an important and widely used tool of financial statement.
The various ratios used for analysis are;A. LIQUIDITY RATIOS
B. PROFITABILTY RATIOS
A. LIQUIDITY RATIOS
Liquidity is the ability of the firm to meets its current liabilities as they fall due. Since liquidity is basic to continuous operations of the firm it is necessary to determine the degree of liquidity of the firm. Following are the important ratios for this purpose. The various Liquidity Ratios are;
a. Current Ratiob. Quick Ratioc. Absolute Liquidity Ratio
a. Current Ratio
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Current Assets
34462.00 34439.50 39227.25 43198.57 43020.88
Current Liabilties
21233.35 24355.28 14028.53 14539.78 15737.81
Current Ratio
1.62:1 1.41:1 2.80:1 2.97:1 2.73:1
b.Quick Ratio
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Quick
Assets
26847.23 29610.37 33727.17 37177.76 36448.99
Current
Liabilities
21233.35 24355.28 14028.53 14539.78 15737.81
Quick
Ratio
1.26:1 1.22:1 2.40:1 2.55:1 2.32:1
c. Absolute Liquidity Ratio
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Absolute
Liquid
Assets
18645.01 20201.24 23381.71 27281.30 26829.57
Current
Liabilities
21233.35 24355.28 14028.53 14539.78 15737.81
Absolute
Liquid
Ratio
0.88:1 0.83:1 1.67:1 1.87:1 1.70:1
B.PROFITABILTY RATIOS
Profitability is an indication of the efficiency with which the operations of the business are carried on. Profitability Ratios are a class of financial metrics that are used to assess a business's ability to generate earnings as compared to its expenses and other relevant costs incurred during a specific period of time. The various Profitability Ratios are;
• Gross Profit Ratio
• Net Profit Ratio
• Return on Total Assets
Gross Profit Ratio
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Gross Profit
7684.13
10005.23 22875.78 8288.04 4781.53
Net Sales
30602.96
36012.00 29597.25 33655.99 33709.76
Gross Profit Ratio
25.10% 27.78% 77.29% 24.63% 14.18%
Net Profit Ratio
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Net Profit (after interest, tax but before dividend)
4240.85 6422.72 15557.49 5676.80 2307.44
Net Sales 30602.96 36012.00 29597.25 33655.99 33709.76
Net Profit Ratio
13.86% 17.83% 52.56% 16.86% 6.85%
Return on Total Assets
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Net Profit (before interest, tax & dividend)
7704.36 10023.00 8276.09 8545.09 4822.49
Total
Assets
50741.14 56425.86 61434.5 63369.57 63245.54
Return on total assets
15.18% 17.76% 13.47% 13.48% 7.63%
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Comparative statement analysis is a method of tracing the periodic changes in the financial performance of the company. It will contain items at least for two periods. An investigation of the comparative financial statements helps to highlight the significant facts and point out the items which need further analysis. The comparative financial statements are statements of the financial position of different periods of time. Normally it is the Balance sheet and Profit and Loss account which alone are prepared in a comparative form.
COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET FOR THE YEAR 31st Mar2009&31st Mar 2010
Particulars 31/03/2009 31/03/2010 Increase/Decrease % of change1. Sour of Fund Capital 8,636.50 8,636.50 Nil Reserves and Surplus 38,629.23 38,922.48 293.25 0.76%Unsecured Loan 3,320.42 2,213.61 (1,106.81) -33% TOTAL 50,586.15 49,772.59 (813.56) -1.61%2. Application of Fund 1.Fixed Assets 20,169.58 20,223.24 53.66 0.27% 2.Investments 1.42 1.42 - 3.Deferred Tax Assets 1,603.98 2,094.03 490.05 30.55%
4. Current Assets, Loans and Advances
Current Assets Inventories 6,020.81 6,571.89 551.08 9.15%Sundry Debtors 833.48 785.76 (47.72) -5.73%Cash and Bank Balances 27,281.30 26,829.57 (451.73) -1.66%Other Current Assets 1,485.22 1,171.05 (314.17) -21.15%Loans and Advances 7,577.66 7,662.61 84.95 1.12% 43,198.57 43,020.88 (177.69) -0.41%
Less: Current Liabilities and
Provisions
Current Liabilities 5,631.43 6,429.86 798.43 14.18%
Provisions 8,908.35 9,307.95 399.60 4.49%
Net Current Assets 28,658.79 27,283.07 (1,375.72) -4.80%
5. Miscellaneous Expenditure 152.38 170.83 18.45 12.11%
TOTAL 50,586.15 49,772.59 (813.56) 1.61%
COMPARATIVE PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MAR 09 & 31ST MAR 10
31/03/2009 31/03/2010 Increase/Decrease
%of ChangeINCOME Gross Sales 33,669.82 33,715.60 45.78 0.14%Less : Excise duty 13.83 5.84 (7.99) -57.77%Net Sales 33,655.99 33,709.76 53.77 0.16%Compensation for Processing Thorium
1,443.83 979.06 (464.77)
-32.19%Increase/(Decrease) in Stock
50.47 1,135.38 1,084.912149.61%
Other Income 3,873.74 2,581.58 (1,292.16) -33.36%
TOTAL
39,024.03
38,405.78 (618.25) 1.58%EXPENDITURE Materials Consumed 3,790.89 3,978.44 187.55
4.95%Employee's Remuneration and Benefits
14,864.69 16,432.21 1,567.52
10.55%Manufacturing and Other Expenses
9,850.06 11,213.01 1,362.95
13.84%Interest 233.36 40.95 (192.41) -82.45%Depreciation 1,973.30 2,003.07 29.77
1.51% TOTAL
30,712.30
33,667.68 2,955.38
9.62%
PROFIT BEFORE EXTRA ORDINARY ITEMS, PRIOR PERIOD ADJUSTMENTS AND TAXATION
8,311.73 4,738.10 (3,573.63) 43%
Extraordinary Items and Prior Period Adjustments
(23.68) 43.44 67.12 283.44%
Profit Before Tax 8,288.05 4,781.54 (3,506.51)-42.31%
Provision for Tax 2,611.25
2,474.10 (137.15) -5.25%
Profit after Tax 5,676.80
2,307.44 (3,369.36) -59.35Balance brought forward 33,263.05 35,919.00 2,655.95
7.98%PROFIT AVAILABLE FOR APPROPRIATION
38,939.85 38,226.44 (713.41) -1.83%
Appropriations :
Proposed Dividend 1,727.30 1,727.30
Tax on Dividend 293.55 286.88 (6.67)
-2.27%Transfer to General Reserve 1,000.00 200.00 (800.00)
-80BALANCE CARRIED TO BALANCE SHEET 35,919.00
36,012.26 93.26 -0.26%
38,939.85 38,226.44 (713.41) -1.83%
CASH FLOW ANALYSIS
Cash flow analysis is a method of analyzing the financing,
investing, and operating activities of a company. The primary
goal of cash flow analysis is to identify, in a timely manner,
cash flow problems as well as cash flow opportunities. The
primary document used in cash flow analysis is the cash flow
statement. The primary objective of the statement of cash
flows is to provide information about an entity’s cash receipts
and cash payments during a period.
CASH FLOW ANALYSIS FOR THE YEAR MARCH 2010
Particulars Amount (in lakhs)
Cash flow from operating activities
Cash flow from investing activities
Cash flow from financing activities
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Add : Cash and bank balance at the beginning of 2009-10
Cash and bank balance at the end of 2009-10
3646.96
-930.08
-3168.61
-451.73
27281.30
26829.57
Particulars Amount
Cash from operating activitiesDividend paidInterest paidRepayment of loanRepayment of secured loanCash surplus
5997.93-2020.86
-233.36-1106.81
-9.31
2627.59
FINDINGS• From the analysis it is found that the firm has a better liquidity position.• It is also found that the firm has a precautionary tendency on the liquidity
position. It means the firm is having a high liquidity position.• The firm is having poor utilization of the funds because of it’s over
liquidity position.• The sales of the organization are increasing in nature.• The profitability of the organization is decreasing in the year 2009 and
2010.• There was an increase in the expenses of the organization which leads to
decrease in the profitability.• It is also found that the overall performance of the organization comes
down in the year 2010.• It is also found that the firm has surplus cash from its operations and is
sufficient for meeting the expenses of the firm.• The repayment of secured and unsecured loans has resulted in decrease in
the interest payment of the organization.
• It is also found that net cash from operating activities are decreasing for last two years.
• From the cash flow analysis it is found that the firm is consecutively paying dividend to its share holders.
• Cash flow analysis shows that the firm is getting dividend income from mutual funds for all the years.
• The comparative statements show that the firm is always increasing the Reserves and Surplus.
• The firm maintains sufficient cash or cash equivalents in every year
SUGGESTIONS
• The firm can reduce it’s over liquidity position, which will enable a better utilization of the funds. If there is high liquidity position, the cash may be idle in the organization.
• The firm can take necessary steps to reduce the manufacturing expenses of the organization. They can reduce the manufacturing expenses by fuller utilization of the plant capacity.
• The firm can invest the surplus cash in any of the profitable investments like securities, fixed assets, lands etc which will improve the profitability of the firm.
• The firm can fully repay the unsecured loans which will reduce the huge interest expenses. This will improve the profitability of the organization.
CONCLUSION
Finance is the life blood of every business. Without effective financial
management a company cannot with stand in this competitive world. Finance is one
of the most primary requisites of a business and the modern management obviously
depends largely on the efficient management of the finance. Financial statements
are prepared primarily for decision making.
Indian Rare Earths is having increasing demand for its product. The
increases in the sale show it. Indian Rare Earths limited has a sound financial
position. But current position is poorer than the last four years. Increases in
production overheads are the main reason for it. So the firm has to take necessary
steps to reduce the overheads. If the overheads are properly controlled then the firm
can make a better position. So the organization has to immediately take necessary
steps to improve the financial performance.
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