View
5
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
FIRST CQ MEASUREMENTS AND SKIN DOSE
MEASUREMENTS WITH RADIOCHROMIC
FILMSSYRMA-3D Collaboration Meeting
Anna Veronese
17 February 2017
1 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
QC PHANTOM MATERIALS
2 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
QC PHANTOM
Acquisition and Reconstruction Parameters:
3 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
QC PHANTOM IMAGES35 keV High Dose:
4 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
QC PHANTOM IMAGES35 keV High Dose:
5 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS
Average CT number of water:
6 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTSAverage CT number of water:
7 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS
Noise and Uniformity:
8 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS
Noise and Uniformity:
9 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS
CT Number Linearity:
10 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS
CT Number Linearity:
11 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS RESULTS
Synthesis of the Results:
12 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS RESULTSSynthesis of the Results:
13 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS RESULTS
What we learned:• Nylon isn’t Nylon... It’s Delrin!• Plexiglas absorbs ≈water @ 35 keV;• Low Contrast Details are unresolved;• Ring artefacts affect uniformity especially in the central
area;• PVC generated streaking artefacts: is it too absorbing?
14 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
SKIN DOSE MEASUREMENTS USING RADIOCHROMIC
FILMS
Aim:• Measure the dose to the
patient’s skin;• Different irradiation
modalities.
Radiochromic Films:• GafChromicTM XR-QA2;• Sensitive 1-200 mGy;• Properly Calibrated.
15 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
MEASUREMENTS AT THE SYRMEP BEAMLINESYRMEP Beamline @Elettra:• Elettra @ 2.4 GeV;• Laminar SR beam 3 mm height (@slits);• Energy 38 keV;• IOC gives the air-Kerma.
(a) (b)
16 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
MEASUREMENTS AT THE SYRMEP BEAMLINE
Cylindrical Phantom 10 cm in diameter on patient’s support:• diameter, symmetry and µ similar to breast;• two pieces of films tightly wrapped around it to simulate
patient’s skin.
17 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
MEASUREMENTS AT THE SYRMEP BEAMLINE
Four different irradiation modalities on different pieces of film:
• 180◦
• 360◦
• 0◦-180◦- step - 0◦-180◦
• 0◦-180◦- step - 180◦-360◦
18 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
0◦-180◦- STEP - 0◦-180◦
Radiochromic film scan:
(c)
(d)
19 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
0◦-180◦- STEP - 0◦-180◦Profile of horizontal dose distribution:
• Minimum dose: 18% of the maximum dose;• MGDt = 6.9 mGy→ Dose up to 205% of MGDt.
20 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
0◦-180◦- STEP - 0◦-180◦
Profile of vertical dose distribution:
(e)
(f)
21 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
0◦-180◦- STEP - 0◦-180◦
Profile of vertical dose distribution:
• Maximum peak-to-valley difference: 33% of the maximumdose.
22 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦
Radiochromic film scan:
(g)
(h)
23 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦Profile of horizontal dose distribution for odd slices:
• Minimum dose: 20% of the maximum dose.24 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦Profile of horizontal dose distribution for even slices:
• Minimum dose: 20% of the maximum dose.• MGDt = 6.9 mGy→ Dose up to 170% of MGDt.
25 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦Profile of vertical dose distribution: we see three differentpatterns
(i)
(j)
26 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦Profile of vertical dose distribution:
• Maximum peak-to-valley difference: 80% of the maximumdose.
27 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦Profile of vertical dose distribution:
• Maximum peak-to-valley difference: 34% of the maximumdose.• MGDt = 6.9 mGy→ Dose up to 120% of MGDt.
28 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦Profile of vertical dose distribution:
• Maximum peak-to-valley difference: 77% of the maximumdose.
29 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
CONCLUSIONS AND COMMENTS
We were able to measure the dose to the skin in differentirradiation conditions:• In 180◦the non irradiated skin receives > 10% of the
maximum dose;• 0◦-180◦- step - 0◦-180◦gives high areas of superposition
(with this step);• 0◦-180◦- step - 180◦-360◦is a good intermediate irradiation
(less superposition).
30 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
FUTURE MEASUREMENTS
In the future we would like to repeat the measure with...• Different step between slices to study the superposition;• Different energies;• Different doses.
31 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
THE END
Thank you for you kind attention!
32 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
WHAT IS THE MEAN GLANDULAR DOSE (MGD)?• For the whole volume irradiated, MGD(mGy) is calculated
from the total energy deposited (Eg) in the total glandularmass of the breast (Mg), as:
MGD = Eg/Mg
• For a partial irradiation, MGDv (mGy) can be calculatedfrom the energy (eg) deposited only in the glandular massof the directly irradiated breast volume (mg), as:
MGDv = eg/mg
• Considering the scattered radiation coming outside of theirradiated volume, MGDt is the ratio between the totalenergy deposited in the whole breast (Eg) and theglandular mass in the irradiated volume (mg):
MGDt = Eg/mg
33 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
180◦
Radiochromic film scan:
(k)
(l)
34 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
180◦
Profile of horizontal dose distribution:
• Minimum dose: 9.5% of the maximum dose;• MGDv = 7,8 mGy→ Dose up to 240% of MGDv.
35 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
VERTICAL BEAM PROFILE
Profile of vertical dose distribution:
(m)
(n)
36 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
VERTICAL BEAM PROFILEProfile of vertical dose distribution:
• 1200 dpi scan: 1 pixel=2 µm;• FWHM=3,61 mm;• Magnification: 20%.
37 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
360◦
Radiochromic film scan:
(o)
(p)
38 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
360◦
Profile of horizontal dose distribution:
• Maximum variation: 24% of the maximum dose;• MGDv = 7.8 mGy→ Dose 175% - 130% of MGDv.
39 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
DOSE EVALUATION
The dose is proportional to the change in reflectance of the film:
• Films have to be scanned both before and after irradiation;• PV (pixel value) change is evaluated as:
∆R = Rbefore − Rafter =PVbefore
216 − PVafter
216
• A piece of control film is never irradiated:
∆Rcontrol = Rcontrolbefore − Rcontrol
after =PVcontrol
before216 −
PVcontrolafter216
• The net change in reflectance is:
net∆R = ∆R−∆Rcontrol
40 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
CALIBRATION PROCEDUREWe want a dose-response curve for the specific energy (38 keV):
• Obtained plotting the air Kerma Kfilm as a function of thecorresponding film response net∆R;• 3 4×4 cm film pieces exposed at the same time;• Different values if air-Kerma (1-20 mGy);
• Best fitting funtion logarithm one: Kfilm = a +b net∆R
ln (net∆R)
Net DeltaR (a.u.)0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
Air
Ker
ma
(mG
y)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20 / ndf 2χ 4.61 / 6
Prob 0.5947a 0.1166± 0.6549 b 5.681±169 −
/ ndf 2χ 4.61 / 6Prob 0.5947a 0.1166± 0.6549 b 5.681±169 −
41 / 42
QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS
OTHER QC PROTOCOL MEASUREMENTS
Ideas for other measurements:• Air Slits and Vacuum Slits control;• µ curve to verify energy;• Phantom to verify bed movement;• CTDI to check dose.
42 / 42
Recommended