FIRST CQ M SKIN DOSE M R F - agenda.infn.it€¦ · QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS...

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

FIRST CQ MEASUREMENTS AND SKIN DOSE

MEASUREMENTS WITH RADIOCHROMIC

FILMSSYRMA-3D Collaboration Meeting

Anna Veronese

17 February 2017

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

QC PHANTOM MATERIALS

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

QC PHANTOM

Acquisition and Reconstruction Parameters:

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

QC PHANTOM IMAGES35 keV High Dose:

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

QC PHANTOM IMAGES35 keV High Dose:

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS

Average CT number of water:

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTSAverage CT number of water:

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS

Noise and Uniformity:

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS

Noise and Uniformity:

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS

CT Number Linearity:

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS

CT Number Linearity:

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS RESULTS

Synthesis of the Results:

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS RESULTSSynthesis of the Results:

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

QC PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS RESULTS

What we learned:• Nylon isn’t Nylon... It’s Delrin!• Plexiglas absorbs ≈water @ 35 keV;• Low Contrast Details are unresolved;• Ring artefacts affect uniformity especially in the central

area;• PVC generated streaking artefacts: is it too absorbing?

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

SKIN DOSE MEASUREMENTS USING RADIOCHROMIC

FILMS

Aim:• Measure the dose to the

patient’s skin;• Different irradiation

modalities.

Radiochromic Films:• GafChromicTM XR-QA2;• Sensitive 1-200 mGy;• Properly Calibrated.

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

MEASUREMENTS AT THE SYRMEP BEAMLINESYRMEP Beamline @Elettra:• Elettra @ 2.4 GeV;• Laminar SR beam 3 mm height (@slits);• Energy 38 keV;• IOC gives the air-Kerma.

(a) (b)

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

MEASUREMENTS AT THE SYRMEP BEAMLINE

Cylindrical Phantom 10 cm in diameter on patient’s support:• diameter, symmetry and µ similar to breast;• two pieces of films tightly wrapped around it to simulate

patient’s skin.

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

MEASUREMENTS AT THE SYRMEP BEAMLINE

Four different irradiation modalities on different pieces of film:

• 180◦

• 360◦

• 0◦-180◦- step - 0◦-180◦

• 0◦-180◦- step - 180◦-360◦

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

0◦-180◦- STEP - 0◦-180◦

Radiochromic film scan:

(c)

(d)

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

0◦-180◦- STEP - 0◦-180◦Profile of horizontal dose distribution:

• Minimum dose: 18% of the maximum dose;• MGDt = 6.9 mGy→ Dose up to 205% of MGDt.

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

0◦-180◦- STEP - 0◦-180◦

Profile of vertical dose distribution:

(e)

(f)

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

0◦-180◦- STEP - 0◦-180◦

Profile of vertical dose distribution:

• Maximum peak-to-valley difference: 33% of the maximumdose.

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦

Radiochromic film scan:

(g)

(h)

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦Profile of horizontal dose distribution for odd slices:

• Minimum dose: 20% of the maximum dose.24 / 42

QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦Profile of horizontal dose distribution for even slices:

• Minimum dose: 20% of the maximum dose.• MGDt = 6.9 mGy→ Dose up to 170% of MGDt.

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦Profile of vertical dose distribution: we see three differentpatterns

(i)

(j)

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦Profile of vertical dose distribution:

• Maximum peak-to-valley difference: 80% of the maximumdose.

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦Profile of vertical dose distribution:

• Maximum peak-to-valley difference: 34% of the maximumdose.• MGDt = 6.9 mGy→ Dose up to 120% of MGDt.

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

0◦-180◦- STEP - 180◦-360◦Profile of vertical dose distribution:

• Maximum peak-to-valley difference: 77% of the maximumdose.

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

CONCLUSIONS AND COMMENTS

We were able to measure the dose to the skin in differentirradiation conditions:• In 180◦the non irradiated skin receives > 10% of the

maximum dose;• 0◦-180◦- step - 0◦-180◦gives high areas of superposition

(with this step);• 0◦-180◦- step - 180◦-360◦is a good intermediate irradiation

(less superposition).

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

FUTURE MEASUREMENTS

In the future we would like to repeat the measure with...• Different step between slices to study the superposition;• Different energies;• Different doses.

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

THE END

Thank you for you kind attention!

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

WHAT IS THE MEAN GLANDULAR DOSE (MGD)?• For the whole volume irradiated, MGD(mGy) is calculated

from the total energy deposited (Eg) in the total glandularmass of the breast (Mg), as:

MGD = Eg/Mg

• For a partial irradiation, MGDv (mGy) can be calculatedfrom the energy (eg) deposited only in the glandular massof the directly irradiated breast volume (mg), as:

MGDv = eg/mg

• Considering the scattered radiation coming outside of theirradiated volume, MGDt is the ratio between the totalenergy deposited in the whole breast (Eg) and theglandular mass in the irradiated volume (mg):

MGDt = Eg/mg

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

180◦

Radiochromic film scan:

(k)

(l)

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

180◦

Profile of horizontal dose distribution:

• Minimum dose: 9.5% of the maximum dose;• MGDv = 7,8 mGy→ Dose up to 240% of MGDv.

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

VERTICAL BEAM PROFILE

Profile of vertical dose distribution:

(m)

(n)

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

VERTICAL BEAM PROFILEProfile of vertical dose distribution:

• 1200 dpi scan: 1 pixel=2 µm;• FWHM=3,61 mm;• Magnification: 20%.

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

360◦

Radiochromic film scan:

(o)

(p)

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

360◦

Profile of horizontal dose distribution:

• Maximum variation: 24% of the maximum dose;• MGDv = 7.8 mGy→ Dose 175% - 130% of MGDv.

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

DOSE EVALUATION

The dose is proportional to the change in reflectance of the film:

• Films have to be scanned both before and after irradiation;• PV (pixel value) change is evaluated as:

∆R = Rbefore − Rafter =PVbefore

216 − PVafter

216

• A piece of control film is never irradiated:

∆Rcontrol = Rcontrolbefore − Rcontrol

after =PVcontrol

before216 −

PVcontrolafter216

• The net change in reflectance is:

net∆R = ∆R−∆Rcontrol

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

CALIBRATION PROCEDUREWe want a dose-response curve for the specific energy (38 keV):

• Obtained plotting the air Kerma Kfilm as a function of thecorresponding film response net∆R;• 3 4×4 cm film pieces exposed at the same time;• Different values if air-Kerma (1-20 mGy);

• Best fitting funtion logarithm one: Kfilm = a +b net∆R

ln (net∆R)

Net DeltaR (a.u.)0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18

Air

Ker

ma

(mG

y)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20 / ndf 2χ 4.61 / 6

Prob 0.5947a 0.1166± 0.6549 b 5.681±169 −

/ ndf 2χ 4.61 / 6Prob 0.5947a 0.1166± 0.6549 b 5.681±169 −

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QUALITY CONTROL RADIOCHROMIC FILM MEASUREMENTS

OTHER QC PROTOCOL MEASUREMENTS

Ideas for other measurements:• Air Slits and Vacuum Slits control;• µ curve to verify energy;• Phantom to verify bed movement;• CTDI to check dose.

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