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FOR 474: Forest Inventory
1. Advanced Forest Inventory
• The Need for Forest Sampling
• Brief Intro to Remote Sensing and GIS
Readings:
FOR 474: Forest Inventory
Related Courses!
• FOR 274: Forest Measurements
• REM 410: Range Measurements
• NR 402: GIS in Natural Resources
• Stats 422: Sample Survey Methods
• FOR 472: Remote Sensing
• FOR 570: Grad Remote Sensing
Forest managers are required to make important decisions relating to numerous (sometimes competing) resources.
Why do we Care About Forest Sampling?
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Ideally such decisions would be based off an inventory of all the organisms, but cost, feasibility, and timing make this rare
As such, we must make decisions based off only a small portion, or sample, of the data.
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Questions that this course will help answer:
• How can we use LiDAR in forest inventory assessment?
Why do we Care About Forest Sampling?
• How can we use LiDAR in forest inventory assessment?
• What are the limitations of LiDAR?
• What do we do when data is missing?
• How can we make management decisions?
Why Are Forest Inventories not Tree-Based?
Example: Assume in this forest we want to quantify the board feet of all PIPO >15” DBH
Problems:
Panhandle NF – D Taylor
- Many many trees will meet this requirement- These trees will likely be widely and irregularly dispersed
It will not be practical to develop a sampling protocol where each PIPO was a sampling unit
Why Are Forest Inventories not Tree-Based?
Timber estimation is rarely done with the individual tree as the sampling unit.
This is why Plots & Stands are used.
Panhandle NF – D Taylor
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The Forest: An Aerial Perspective
The Forest: An Aerial Perspective
Message of the Day: Analysis of aerial photography can enable us to assess a whole stand with no field measurements
A system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing, and displaying data which are spatially referenced to the Earth. : http://maps.google.com/
What is Not Remote Sensing?
Definition of a Geographic Information System (GIS):
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Campbell, 1996:‘Remote sensing is the science of obtaining information about
an object from measurements made at a distance from the object (i.e. without touching the object).’
Remote Sensing of the Earth frequently measures
Remote Sensing: Overview
Remote Sensing of the Earth frequently measures electromagnetic radiation in one or more regions of the
electromagnetic spectrum. This radiation can be reflected or emitted from the earth's surface.
Remote Sensing: Overview
Wildlife Management
Hazard Assessment
‘Remote sensing is the science of obtaining information about an objectfrom measurements made at a distance from the object (i.e. withouttouching the object).’
Remote Sensing: Overview
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Spatial Resolution
High Low
Remote Sensing: Overview
Extent
Low High
Remote Sensing: Overview
Spectral Resolution
Remote Sensing: Overview
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Geology and Terrain Modeling Volcanoes of Mars
Nevada surface materials map from AVIRIS imagery: Source: USGS Seeing Beneath Trees with
Lidar
Agriculture
Non-Ag Vegetation: Land Use/Change, Carbon, Disturbances
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Atmospheric Sciences
Hurricane Alleta
Oceanic Sciences
Phytoplankton
Sea Surface Temperatures
Urban
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Water, Ice, and Snow
Baffin Bay, Greenland
ASTER: Glaciers Retreating
The Forest: Lets Start With Aerial Photographs!
Airphoto acquisition
Airphoto interpretation
Aerial Photographs: Overview
p oto te p etat o
Cartographic/GIS Analysis
Data to Users
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Photo
fi ld f
P
Lens
Tilted Photo
fi ld f
PLens
Aerial Photographs: Overview
field of view
90o
field of view
Opticalaxis
90o
b) low obliquea) Vertical aerial photography
Radial Displacement
Aerial Photographs: Overview
Stereoscopy – The science of perceiving depth (and thus height) with two eyes/vantage points
Aerial Photographs: Overview
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Visual Association: we can identify trees and rivers and thus use expert knowledge to infer what species are likely to occur near the river.
Aerial Photographs: Assessments
Pattern and Shape: we can identify trees by their branches
Aerial Photographs: Assessments
Pattern and Shape: we can also identify natural forests from human generated environments
Aerial Photographs: Assessments
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Color and Tone: we can easily separate conifers (dark) from hardwoods in winter or early spring
Aerial Photographs: Assessments
Color and Tone in Infrared Film: we can easily separate conifers from hardwoods as hardwoods reflect more infrared radiation and so appear brighter
Aerial Photographs: Assessments
Texture: can easily separate conifers (rough) from hardwoods (smooth)
Mature Conifer Stand
Conifers
Aerial Photographs: Assessments
Stand
Hardwoods
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Color and Tone in Infrared Film: we can easily separate healthy trees as they appear red and diseased trees appear green
Aerial Photographs: Assessments
Next Week …
LiDAR for Operational Forest Management
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